Peter G Davis

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..There has been a substantial increase in the number of studies of neonatal resuscitation and it is timely to review the accumulating evidence...

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..It further improves rates of successful extubation and shows promise as an initial method of respiratory support. Further research is required to determine the optimal settings for both nCPAP and NIPPV...

..In future, the Neonatal Review Group needs to assist reviewers in developing countries to prepare reviews relevant to their settings that will reduce the global burden of neonatal mortality and morbidity...

..To determine whether the benefits of caffeine vary in three subgroups of 2006 participants in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) trial...

..We aimed to establish whether resuscitation with air decreased mortality or neurological disability in newborn infants compared with 100% oxygen...

..0005). Effects of PEEP and SI were additive. In ventilated preterm rabbits at birth, combining a SI and PEEP improved FRC formation and uniformity of lung aeration, but PEEP had the greatest influence...

..Techniques of positioning and holding neonatal face masks vary. Studies have shown that leak at the face mask is common and often substantial irrespective of operator experience...

..3 +/- 3.5 ml/kg). PEEP greatly facilitates aeration of the distal airways and the accumulation of FRC and prevents distal airway collapse at end expiration in very preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth...

..The aim was to compare resuscitators' estimates of tidal volume (V(T)) and face mask leak with measured values during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of newborn infants in the delivery room...

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..To investigate whether using a respiratory function monitor (RFM) during mask resuscitation of preterm infants reduces face mask leak and improves tidal volume (V(T))...

..The authors examined recordings of PPV given to preterm infants in the delivery room for prevalence of mask leak and airway obstruction...

..Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) via a face mask is an important skill taught using manikins. There have been few attempts to assess the effectiveness of different face mask designs...

..We reviewed videos of 61 extremely preterm infants taken immediately after birth. The majority cried (69%) and breathed (80%) without intervention. Most preterm infants are not apneic at birth...

..The aim of this study was to analyse respiratory function immediately before and after surfactant administration in the delivery room...

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..Low-dose dexamethasone facilitates extubation in chronically ventilator-dependent infants with no obvious short-term complications. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of low-dose dexamethasone...

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..A flow sensor measures gas flow in and out of an ETT. We reviewed video recordings of neonatal resuscitations to compare a colorimetric CO(2) detector (Pedi-Cap®) with flow sensor recordings for assessing ETT placement...

..To describe the interaction of spontaneous breaths, manual ventilation, and tidal volumes (V(T)) during stabilization of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in the delivery room...

..Examples demonstrating its potential usefulness during resuscitations are provided. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether it can help improve short-term and long-term outcomes...

..93 [0.64] vs. 1.14 [0.86] s). Directly after birth, both preterm and term infants frequently brake their expiration, mostly by crying. Preterm infants use significantly more expiratory breath holds to defend their lung volume...

..This is an important distinction as many clinical trials assess their final outcomes only in early childhood, assuming the results are valid for later childhood cognitive functioning...

..Overdistension of the lung (volutrauma) is considered an important contribution. As an alternative to traditional pressure-limited ventilation (PLV), modern neonatal ventilators offer modes which can target a set tidal volume...

..Previous studies have reported poor correlation between early clinical signs and prognosis...

..To present recent data on the role of noninvasive ventilation in the respiratory management of newborn infants...

..To determine the accuracy of heart rate obtained by pulse oximetry (HR(PO)) relative to HR obtained by 3-lead electrocardiography (HR(ECG)) in newborn infants in the delivery room...

..To better understand whether preeclampsia (PE) increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)...

..The goal was to define reference ranges for pulse oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) values in the first 10 minutes after birth for infants who received no medical intervention in the delivery room...

..Immediately after birth, most very preterm infants, treated with continuous positive airway pressure, frequently prolong their expiration by braking the expiratory flow. ABBREVIATION::..

..The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommends starting positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the delivery room when heart rate (HR) <100 beats per min (bpm) and giving cardiac compressions when HR <60 bpm...

..To compare respiratory and other morbidities between very preterm infants with and without a pneumothorax and to determine whether infants at higher risk of pneumothorax can be identified early in their course...

..When using a T-piece device, resuscitators may try to improve airway pressures by increasing gas flow instead of correcting face mask position...

..0 (4.1) s using 35 cm H2O peak inflation pressure. In these rabbits, 10- and 20-s SI increased the inspiratory volume and produced a greater FRC, and a 20-s SI uniformly aerated the lung before ventilation started...

..We aimed to determine whether pediatric trainees were more successful at neonatal orotracheal intubation when a stylet was used...

..There is considerable potential for improvement in techniques of neonatal resuscitation through the application of evidence already available and much scope for further research in this field...

..Use of equipment not specifically recommended in these guidelines has been advocated. We wished to determine how widely this supplementary equipment is used in a geographically defined region...

..We aimed to determine whether electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can accurately identify the presence of surgically created pneumothoraces before significant changes in clinical parameters...

..To determine the accuracy of pulse oximetry measurement of heart rate in the neonatal intensive care unit...

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..Data are available in most infants within 90 seconds of birth. Oximetry may be useful in guiding interventions during resuscitation...

..We aimed to determine the range of pre-ductal SpO2 in the first minutes of life in healthy newborn infants...

..Postnatal corticosteroid therapy is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of low-dose dexamethasone treatment among chronically ventilator-dependent neonates...

..To evaluate the applicability and potential effectiveness of a technique of minimally-invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) in preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)...

..Many infected infants require hospitalisation and those living in regional centres frequently require transfer to metropolitan hospitals capable of providing assisted ventilation...

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..Future studies should enrol sufficient infants to detect uncommon serious complications and include long-term follow up to determine important neurodevelopment and pulmonary outcomes...

..A case is presented in which an ETCO2 detector was misleading in determining endotracheal tube (ETT) position but useful in determining the efficacy of ventilation in an extremely preterm infant...

..The mean difference between HR assessed by auscultation and palpation ECG and HR using methodology recommended by the Neonatal Resuscitation Programme was 14 and 22 beats per minute respectively...

..The additional application of chin lift might reduce leak during mask ventilation. However given the lack of available data these conclusions remains speculative and further research in this area is required...

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..Volume targeting aims to produce a more stable tidal volume in order to reduce lung damage and stabilise pCO(2)..

..To determine if participation in a randomised controlled trial of different oxygen saturation targets improved compliance with oximeter alarm limit guidelines...

..To determine the additional financial cost to families of babies admitted to the nurseries of The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia...

..We aimed to determine the proportion of NTCs in these countries treating newborn infants with HFNC and nCPAP, and how these therapies are used...

..The objective of this study was to determine the rate of compliance with hospital guidelines for alarm limits for pulse oximetry in preterm infants on oxygen therapy...

..The objective of this study was to assess whether caffeine influenced brain macro- or microstructural development in preterm infants...

..Self-inflating resuscitation bags are described as unreliable for this purpose. We measured oxygen concentrations >or=80% delivered through a 240 mL Laerdal self-inflating resuscitation bag and from 5 mm tubing inside a cupped hand...

..The ability of Laerdal neonatal self-inflating bags fitted with PEEP valves to reliably deliver PEEP is unclear. The aim of this study was to measure the delivered PEEP at different set PEEP levels and inflation rates...

..Dräger recommends specific circuits for each of these modes. We investigated the performance of the Babylog ventilator in HFV mode when used with the recommended circuits for both conventional and HFV...

..CONCLUSIONS: Poor pulmonary outcome and poor neurosensory outcome are common late adverse outcomes in this population. BPD as defined by duration of oxygen therapy is a less accurate surrogate currently than in previous eras...

..To evaluate clinical practice of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV)...

..To determine the relationship between the initiation of respiratory support and the first routine immunisation of neonates at 2 months of age during primary hospitalisation...

..The objective of this study was to determine the effect of systemic postnatal corticosteroid treatment on death and CP and to assess any modification of effect arising from risk for CLD...

..Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with downregulation of inflammatory responses...

..The aim of this study is to describe the regional distribution and variability of ventilation within the preterm lung during SIPPV + VTV...

..To study the frequency and types of adverse reactions to currently available vaccines in very preterm infants...

..Use of video recordings of newborn infants to determine: (1) if clinicians agreed whether infants were pink; and (2) the pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) at which infants first looked pink...