R Borland

..To examine the extent that novel cigarette pack shapes and openings have on smokers' perceptions of those packs and the cigarettes contained within...

..Either of these factors would lead to an over-representation of failed quit attempts among SSM users in cross-sectional surveys even if there were real benefits...

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..The intent is to improve public health through regulations on tobacco product marketing and tobacco products themselves. This manuscript reports baseline data on smokers' attitudes and beliefs on specific issues relevant to the FSPTCA...

..For the purpose of this paper 'Indigenous' refers to Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples when referring to Australian Indigenous populations. In New Zealand, the term 'Indigenous' refers to Māori...

..This study will test the uptake and effectiveness of a flexible package of smoking cessation support provided primarily by the practice nurse (PN) and tailored to meet the needs of a diversity of patients...

..To investigate whether participation in a clinical audit and education session would improve GP management of patients who smoke...

..There is increasing recognition that the two measures in the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), time to first cigarette of the day (TTFC) and daily consumption (cigarettes per day [CPD]), are strong predictors of quitting behavior...

..Such a model preserves the competition inherent in a free market, but directs it towards the challenge of reducing the harm from tobacco use...

..To examine prospectively the impact of health warnings on quitting activity...

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..To replicate findings that risk-minimizing and self-exempting beliefs lower quit intentions, and to extend this by testing their capacity to prospectively predict smoking cessation...

..We argue that this goal would be more readily achieved if the regulatory subsystem had dynamic power to regulate tobacco products and the tobacco industry as well as a responsive process for resourcing tobacco use control activities...

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..To explore the immediate impact of the 2001 National Tobacco Campaign (NTC) advertising on movement towards quitting in a broadly representative sample of smokers...

..This research examined whether a model encouraging GP referral of patients who smoke to a specialist service would be acceptable and effective for increased smoking cessation when compared with a model of in-practice management...

..This paper examines how beliefs of smokers in the UK were affected by the removal of "light" and "mild" brand descriptors, which came into effect on 30 September 2003 for Member States of the European Union (EU)...

..To assess the effectiveness of a new computer-generated tailored advice programme designed to be used by smokers and recent quitters having problems staying stopped...

..To describe some of the variability across the world in levels of quit smoking attempts and use of various forms of cessation support...

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..To report on prevalence, trends and determinants of smoke-free home policies in smokers' homes in different countries and to estimate the effects of these policies on smoking cessation...

..To explore determinants of support for and reported compliance with smoke-free policies in restaurants and bars across the four countries of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey...

..To explore whether measures of motivation to quit smoking have different predictive relationships with making quit attempts and the maintenance of those attempts...

..To assess the effectiveness of a program of computer-generated tailored advice for callers to a telephone helpline, and to assess whether it enhanced a series of callback telephone counselling sessions in aiding smoking cessation...

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..There is surprisingly little research available on the actual prevalence of RYO cigarette usage, and even less on the attributes of those who smoke RYO cigarettes...

..To examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit...

..Much effort is needed to monitor the current situation of tobacco advertising and promotion in China...

..This study explored the extent to which Malaysian and Thai smokers believe "light" and menthol cigarettes are less harmful than "regular" cigarettes and the correlates of these beliefs...

..To examine how household expenditure on food at restaurants, alcohol, gambling and insurance vary between smoking and non-smoking households...

..To examine the impact of tobacco advertising policy on adult smokers' awareness of tobacco promotion in two developing countries--Malaysia and Thailand...

..Future campaigns that are continuously tracked are recommended to systematically vary media weight, flighting schedules, and advertisement type, so as to maximise information about these variables and their interactions...

..It fitted the data well. Model 4, which extended model, provided the best fit. Strength of identification to the peer group was found to enhance the effect of the peer group norm...

..To document the development of the low tar harm reduction programme in Australia, including tobacco industry responses...

..In addition evidence was sought linking these effect to smoking cessation...

..Childhood is a high-risk period for skin damage due to excessive sun exposure. This damage may lead to skin cancer later in life...

..To describe the long-term natural history of a range of potential determinants of relapse from quitting smoking...

..To determine the association between socio-demographic variables and smoking status in a national sample of Australians aged > or = 18...

..However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress...

..However, the extra sessions did not provide any benefit...

..Quitlines are likely to become an even more important part of tobacco control infrastructure over the next few years...

..To assess the extent to which intensity and timing of televised anti-smoking advertising emphasizing the serious harms of smoking influences quit attempts...

..To explore predictors of smoking relapse and how predictors vary according to duration of abstinence...

..Implementation remains the major challenge to delivering interventions via the Internet, both for health educators and researchers...

..To evaluate the impact of workplace smoking bans on cigarette consumption among continuing smokers over a two-year period...

..To assess smokers' perceived effects of smoking bans in bars, nightclubs, and gaming venues on their smoking behaviour...

..The demand-side component of the campaign, which had television advertising as a centerpiece, ran from 1992 to 1995...

..Given the lack of consensus, it is important that consumers understand the issues in a way that will permit them to decide whether or not to have a test and, if symptomatic, how their condition is managed...

..To assess whether prostate cancer might be related to hormone levels and, by inference, to differences in sexual activity...

..The results complement other recent research that has questioned the stage definitions used in the TTM and provide evidence in support of an alternative stage boundary defined by the commitment of setting a quit date...

..Together, these findings have important implications for developing strategies for encouraging older smokers to give up smoking...

..Religion can be a culturally relevant vehicle to complement other tobacco control efforts...

..The findings suggest that there may be a stage boundary at around 1 month post-cessation, and question the homogeneity, and hence validity, of the TTM-defined action stage of change...

..001). As expected, reporting a ban in air-conditioned venues was associated with a greater support for a ban in such venues in both countries...

..This paper compares QuitCoach users both with smokers in general, and with callers to a telephone-based smoking cessation service (the Victorian Quitline). It also explores patterns of QuitCoach usage by time of year and day of the week...

..Email reminders are sent at scheduled intervals to prompt optimal and repeated use...

..This study examined the value of prior quitting experience as a stage classification criterion by investigating whether prediction of making a quit attempt differed as a function of prior quitting experience...

..Through our analysis, we identified approaches to help overcome some systemic barriers to the solution of the tobacco problem and comment on other complex transnational problems...

..To relate the packaging and labelling of new cigarette varieties to their construction and performance...

..16% in 1980 to 2.4% in 1994, despite median nicotine yield declining from 1.0 mg to.58 mg. These changes can be expected to reduce the utility of the FTC/ISO yield testing system...

..To describe the prevalence, correlates of, and reasons for use of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco in a high RYO use and ethnically diverse country: New Zealand (NZ)...

..no longer predict cessation. The authors conclude that stage of change, in particular the distinction between smoking and not smoking, is more important than change process use in predicting cessation outcomes...

..This paper explores postquitting experiences and expectations of adult ex-smokers and their utility as predictors of smoking relapse after prolonged abstinence...

..Efforts to intervene in smoking behavior will have limited effectiveness unless they take into account the social contexts in which smoking behavior takes place...

..The aims are to (a) investigate the prevalence of and reasons for premature discontinuation of stop-smoking medications (including prescription only) and (b) how these differ by type, duration of use, and source (prescription or OTC)...

..To examine the psychometric properties, distributions, and predictive utility for quitting behavior of six functional beliefs about smoking among adult smokers...

..Finally, exclusive RYO smokers were less aware of health warnings (RYO tobacco carries no health warnings), but even so, knowledge of the health effects of tobacco was equivalent...

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..To examine the associations between anger control and negative affect and the risk of five common cancers and total cancers. Possible associations between emotional states and the risk of cancer have long been postulated...

..To examine Australian smokers' attitudes towards regulation of the tobacco industry and to compare their attitudes with those of three similar countries--the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and Canada...

..While the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow causal inferences, the results imply that smoking is less prevalent in communities that are more egalitarian and have a higher stock of social capital...

..This study examined prospective predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in Thailand and Malaysia...

..To determine the prevalence and characteristics of smokers who experience smoking-induced deprivation (SID), and to examine its effect on quit attempts, relapse and cessation...

..A stage model of health behaviour change assumes homogeneity within the stages, in terms of how predictors relate to stage progression. It is not known whether this assumption is valid for the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) stages of change...

..There is, however, little evidence to suggest the stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM) meet this assumption...

..Change in consumption between waves 1 and 2 (whether increase or decrease) was maintained by a substantial number a year later (wave 3), but change did not undermine nor promote quitting between waves 2 and 3...

..Results suggest that students met the course objectives successfully, and in most cases subsequently translated their knowledge into improved practice...

..To assess public perceptions of the tobacco industry and behavioural intentions for tobacco use in response to watching the film The Insider...

..The conceptual framework is now integrated in the service and appears to have changed the way Quitline operates and the apparent expectations of its clients...

..To report smoking prevalence among Australian lone mothers by age and socio-economic group and to examine the extent to which the difference in smoking prevalence between lone mothers and other women is due to socio-economic factors...

..In summary, the success of the two programs is described as having been built on two key foundations: the vital integration of research and evaluation, on one hand, and a strong basis of consistency and continuity, on the other...

..This study assessed the magnitude of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure when people smoke in outdoor dining areas and explored conditions influencing exposure levels...

..To report on the prevalence of attitudes and beliefs about the importance of wanting to quit and need for use of cessation assistance, that may act as barriers to quitting smoking and adopting cessation assistance...

..This study aimed to examine the influence of indoor smoking bans on indoor and outdoor air quality at pubs and bars and to assess whether secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) drifts from outdoor smoking areas to adjacent indoor areas...

..Such features therefore deserve emphasis in public education campaigns. Medical professionals should also remember to seek a history of change in assessing pigmented skin lesions...

..Second, the influence of ROEs (and self-efficacy) on relapse was mediated by craving experience. Third, the hypothesized interactions between ROEs and self-efficacy were significant and meaningful...

..However, further qualitative and observational research is required to harness the full potential of the Internet to deliver public health resources...

..This article aims to assess whether nationwide smoke-free policies are associated with more smoking or drinking inside the home...

..Overall, we cautiously conclude that cold turkey should be the recommended strategy for smokers who want to quit on their own...

..However, the current international standard for generating cigarette emissions--the ISO machine smoking regime--is widely acknowledged to be inappropriate for purposes of setting regulatory restrictions...

..The present study suggests that temporal comparisons comprise the cognitive aspect of the motivation of ex-smokers to stay abstinent. This conceptualization of the motivation in ex-smokers can be used in practice to prevent relapse...

..The current study examined the effectiveness of health warnings on cigarette packages in four countries...

..The FCTC's recommended policies are likely to be effective in low- and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, policy evaluation studies are needed to determine policy impact and potential synergies across policies...

..Results suggest that smokers have a better perception of the time spent between puffs and of the number of puffs taken than of the intensity and depth of each puff or their actual smoke exposure...

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..Existing knowledge from high-income countries about disparities in smoking should not be generalized readily to other countries...

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