Robert C Atkins

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..ERK activation may promote renal repair through tubular proliferation while promoting renal fibrosis via proliferation of glomerular and interstitial myofibroblasts...

..However, its impact may be more significant. New studies are required to address the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of nonalbuminuric renal disease...

..This suggests that the progression of renal injury in obstructive nephropathy is independent of MIF...

..The aim of this study was therefore to delineate the pattern and cellular localization of p38 and JNK activation in normal rat kidney and rat acute and chronic inflammatory renal disease...

..These findings indicate that IFN-gamma induces rapid secretion of MIF by tubular epithelial cells, and suggest that this may be an important mechanism leading to inflammatory cell accumulation and activation during kidney disease...

..01 versus vehicle or untreated BMM). In conclusion, this study has defined a critical role for the JNK signaling pathway in macrophage-mediated renal injury...

..The kinetics of M-CSF production during acute rejection suggest that local macrophage proliferation may be initiated by T cells and perpetuated by both renal tubular and autocrine release...

..Macrophages constitute 38% to 60% of infiltrating cells during acute renal allograft rejection. Their contribution to tissue damage during acute rejection was examined by depleting macrophages in a rat model...

..However, no data are available regarding these factors in a hemodialysis population where AVF utilization is high...

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..Blockade of p38 MAPK reduces extracellular matrix production and may be considered a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of renal fibrosis...

..Furthermore, JNK1 plays a nonredundant role in tubular cell apoptosis. These studies identify the JNK pathway as a potential therapeutic target in progressive kidney disease...

..The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of ERK signalling in cell proliferation in the obstructed kidney...

..Thus, ICAM-1 appears to be a critical promoter of nephropathy in mouse type 2 diabetes by facilitating kidney macrophage recruitment...

..94; for all cardiovascular events: 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.30]; p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose folic acid does not slow atheroma progression or improve cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in patients with CRF...

..We conclude that albuminuria, detected by either IN or HPLC, independently predicts mortality in a community-based sample. HPLC identifies some people at increased risk of mortality that IN would not detect...

..CONCLUSIONS: While albuminuria may be a suitable test for general population screening for renal and cardiovascular disease, it should not replace testing for proteinuria in those with known or suspected renal disease...

..To evaluate the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular disease and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults with renal insufficiency...

..Proof of efficacy of these agents in this population of enormous risk is urgently required...

..Identifying and targeting this section of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of ESRD...

..These studies also demonstrate that albumin is not a critical factor in governing glomerular permselectivity or proteinuria...

..As these recommendations are based on observational studies, we conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial to assess whether Qa surveillance results in an increased detection of AVF stenosis...

..Physician practice patterns may have a strong influence on access type. We assessed differences in vascular access practice patterns across all treating centers in New Zealand...

..Contrary to expectations, this study showed that the high level of Gpx1 expressed in the kidney is not protective against the development of renal oxidative stress and nephropathy in a model of type 1 diabetes...

..MIF blockade reduces the DTH response; however, neither local nor systemic MIF are required for the rejection of fully mismatched skin and renal allografts...

..Standard immunochemical urinary albumin assays detect immunoreactive albumin, whereas high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detects both immunoreactive and immunounreactive albumin...

..Basiliximab is at least as effective and is safer than OKT3 for induction therapy in SPK transplantation...

..Determinants of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement have been well studied. Little is known on whether these factors impact on subsequent blood flow (Qa) in the mature AVF...

..We investigated whether some of the effects of Ang II could be mediated through the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)...

..Elements of the diabetic milieu can stimulate macrophages to promote fibroblast proliferation via IL-1- and PDGF-dependent pathways which may enhance renal fibrosis...

..Therefore, M-CSF/c-fms signaling plays a key role in macrophage accumulation during tissue injury...

..Reducing catheter use and increasing the proportion of patients commencing hemodialysis with a mature AVF remain important clinical objectives...

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..The aim of this study was to determine whether the increased arterial stiffness of patients with chronic renal failure is improved after successful renal transplantation...

..It may provide a rapid, simple screening test for this lesion in laboratories using diagnostic flow cytometry and may complement IIF/ELISA in evaluating ANCA positive patients...

..Thus, it is important to identify risk factors for PD-related peritonitis in order to reduce the incidence and improve patient selection...

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..Peritonitis remains one of the major complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and results in reduced technique survival and increased patient morbidity and mortality...

..The temporal and spatial relationship in which ERK activation preceded tubular cell proliferation suggest that ERK signaling plays a key role in tubular epithelial cell proliferation in the injured kidney...

..No risk factors for recurrence were identified that warrant altering the approach to transplantation. However, accurate estimates of risk can now be provided to potential recipients of renal allografts...

..Blockade of the p38 pathway may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute renal inflammation...

..This study provides the first evidence that it is possible to directly modulate macrophage-mediated renal injury...

..To predict this risk a score of immune competence has been developed from the simultaneous laboratory assessment of multiple parameters of immune function...

..Ultimately, no matter how it is achieved, so long as it is achieved, renal risk can be reduced by agents that lower blood pressure and albuminuria...

..In this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we assess the benefits and harm of current treatments for diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN)...

..This pathway plays a significant and specific role in the accumulation of macrophages within a rejecting renal allograft...

..We explored the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria and impaired GFR, in a national, population-based cohort of Australian adults (AusDiab Study)...

..There was no significant difference in serum phosphate levels. CONCLUSION: Both increased dialysis time and exercise result in increased dialytic removal of phosphate and could be expected in the long term to improve phosphate control...

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..These human data support animal studies that suggest a pathogenic role for the macrophage in diabetic nephropathy...

..However, the inability of IL-10 suppression with AS101 to prevent anti-Thy-1 disease suggests that IL-10 is not essential for pathological mesangial cell proliferation...

..CONCLUSION: The incidence of benign breast disease in the female transplant patients studied was far greater then the general population. The increase in fibroadenomata, in particular, may relate to the use of cyclosporin...

..In conclusion, activation of p38 MAPK in intrinsic renal cells and infiltrating leukocytes correlated with renal dysfunction and histopathology, suggesting an important pathogenic role for p38 MAPK activation in human glomerulonephritis...

..Urine MIF levels reflect MIF expression within the kidney and may be a useful noninvasive tool for monitoring patients with crescentic GN, particularly in disease exacerbation...

..To measure the prevalence of untreated hypertension in Australian adults, and examine the associations with clinical and lifestyle factors...

..We determined the prevalence of and factors associated with albuminuria in an Australian population and examined the association of albuminuria with glucose tolerance...

..In summary we have found that MMF treatment has a strikingly inhibitory effect on patient ex vivo lymphocyte mitogenic function...

..We examined the relationship between smoking and indicators of kidney damage in a healthy population without impaired fasting glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension...

..CONCLUSION: This study provides the first direct evidence that macrophages can induce renal injury in terms of proteinuria and mesangial cell proliferation...

..Measurement of vascular access flow (Qa) has been proposed as the ideal method for surveillance of native fistulae. However, debate exists about the influence of blood pressure (mean arterial pressure [MAP]) on Qa during dialysis...

..Further studies are required to determine the predictive value of LPF for acute rejection, infection and cancer, and to determine whether adjustments to therapy on the basis of LPF can lead to improved outcomes...

..To explore awareness of the causes of kidney disease and recollection of kidney function testing in a cohort of Australian adults...

..We compared predictive values of albumin-creatinine ratios (ACRs) by these 2 techniques for mortality in Aboriginal people...

..Therapeutic attention to macrophages, in addition to T lymphocytes, may lead to improved outcomes in organ transplantation...