Max Coltheart

..This paper describes some of the forms of delusional belief that have been examined from this perspective and offers a general two-deficit cognitive-neuropsychiatric account of delusional belief...

..We propose that the 2-factor account of particular delusions like Capgras and Cotard still applies even when these delusions occur in the context of schizophrenia rather than occurring in isolation...

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..This is not deductive inference and it is not inference by enumerative induction; it is abductive inference. We offer a Bayesian account of abductive inference and apply it to the explanation of delusional belief...

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..Such results support the localist form of modelling rather than the distributed-representation approach...

..The authors conclude that the DRC model is the most successful of the existing computational models of reading...

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..In particular the content of confabulation has been shown to contain a positive emotional bias. This study investigated the role of personal biases in the confabulations of six patients with diverse aetiologies...

..That the patients with marked negative symptoms performed best when their actions were more stimulus-driven than willed strengthens the case that negative schizophrenic symptoms reflect a disorder of willed action...

..It was hypothesised that patients with a history of persecutory delusions would display higher need for closure and a more extreme jumping to conclusions bias than healthy control participants...

..This pattern of results indicates that morpho-orthographic decomposition mechanisms do not become automatized until a relatively late stage in reading development...

..A central prediction of their model is that such delusions will be associated with discrepancies between overt and covert self-esteem...

..Experiment 2 examined whether it is facilitatory, inhibitory, or both, in order to adjudicate between the two versions of the model. The human results showed that primes exert both facilitatory and inhibitory effects...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Results support the operation of emotion-selective engagement and defective disengagement for threat-related facial expressions (i.e., anger) in delusion-prone individuals...

..Findings are discussed in light of the dominant theory of delusions and highlight the advantages of using hypnosis to explore delusional beliefs...

..Instead, different individuals have different impairments (and combinations of impairments) that together provide the spectrum of patterns found in phonological dyslexia...

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..This study examined whether a hypnotic suggestion for mirror agnosia can recreate features of the delusion...

..The aim of this study was to demonstrate covert face recognition in CP when participants could not overtly recognize the faces...

..This inconsistency could imply that loss of disgust is not a feature of all patients with this disease...

..We suggest that the processes underlying treatment generalization are based on the interaction between the orthographic lexicon and the graphemic buffer. Clinical implications are discussed...

..This study gave participants separate hypnotic suggestions for these two factors to create a hypnotic analogue of the delusion...

..In contrast, results from a battery of neuropsychological tasks suggested that abnormal social approach in WS and DS in everyday life is best explained by frontal lobe impairment, in particular, poor response inhibition...

..Evidence that syntactic and phonological information are accessed independently was obtained for both languages. Implications for models of language production and further methodological issues in ToT research are discussed...

..amp; Coltheart, M. (2005). Cognitive heterogeneity in Williams syndrome. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27(2), 275-306...

..It is therefore concluded that the most comprehensive account of delusions will involve a theoretical unification of both motivational and deficit approaches...

..This study finds evidence of cognitive heterogeneity in WS, consistent with Porter and Coltheart (2005)...

..These results suggest that the putative link between persecutory ideation and attributional biases only manifests (if at all) when persecutory ideation is of delusional intensity, and that it is confined to a personalising bias...

..This is an overarching framework that can be used to model confabulations, and it builds upon links between delusions and confabulation...

..Findings are discussed in light of recent neuroimaging work investigating the neural basis of social orienting and social cognition...

..In addition, we show that the heterogeneity of the cognitive profile in CP with respect to specific aspects of face processing is apparent from early childhood...

..Delusion-proneness is associated independently with jumping-to-conclusions bias on experimental reasoning tasks, intolerance of ambiguity, and indecision concerning real-life dilemmas...

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..Taken together, our findings provide evidence for both whole-word access and morphological decomposition at initial stages of visual word recognition and are discussed in the context of a hybrid account...

..These findings point to the multidetermined nature of performance on tasks normally considered as measuring phonemic awareness and have implications for theories of the role of phonemic awareness in reading acquisition...

..e., beliefs and intentions and not emotions). This study examines whether the same holds true for schizophrenia...

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..Clear benefits from treatment were evident. The assessment and treatment methods employed provide practical and useful ideas for management of this condition in other children...

..g., clothes) or because pose and identity tasks led to somewhat different processing. Our results are consistent with holistic processing for bodies as well as faces...

..We used hypnosis to temporarily recreate somatoparaphrenia, a delusional belief that one's own limb belongs to someone else...

..A separate experiment was carried out to further adjudicate between 2 versions of the DRC model...

..In a commentary, we discuss the importance of the findings and place them within the context of subsequent research...

..Overall, the data suggest that there is little value in training preschoolers in either letter forms or sounds in isolation in advance of providing instruction on the links between the two...

..Finally, the PIQ shared unique variance with severity of persecutory delusions in the clinical group, providing good criterion validity for the PIQ as a measure of specifically persecutory ideation, rather than paranoia in general...

..However, hypnosis offers a technique for creating transient delusions that are resistant to challenge. The aim of this study was to develop an hypnotic analogue of one important delusion, mirrored-self misidentification...

..In addition to highlighting performance shortcomings in each model, the variety of nonword responses given by participants points to a need for models that can account for this variety...

..Significant priming was found in the suffixed but not in the nonsuffixed condition, suggesting that affix-stripping occurs at prelexical stages in visual word recognition and operates over early letter-position encoding mechanisms...

..Our findings indicate multiple pathways to poor insight, one of which is a theory-of-mind difficulty, impairing the capacity to simulate other perspectives for the purpose of critically evaluating one's own beliefs and circumstances...

..The finding of impaired perception of disgust signalled through different input domains suggests that the inability to recognise the facial expression in this population reflects a fundamental problem with disgust processing...

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..However, analyses revealed that some expressions were recognized more accurately in female than in male faces. The full set of these norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/...

..The results suggest that when spelling, people are sensitive to positional information, morphological status, vowel type, and a number of more idiosyncratic constraints...

..Five difficulties confronting this two-factor account of monothematic delusion are then identified, and attempts are made to address each one...

..CONCLUSIONS SoCog-MSRT can improve ToM abilities and social understanding, but individuals with poorer working memory and lower premorbid IQ may be less able to benefit from this type of training...

..Also, not all WS individuals show the profile of a strength in verbal abilities and a weakness in spatial functions...

..Delusions are also effectively modified by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We sought to examine whether CBT reduces delusional conviction by changing such general reasoning anomalies...

..The aim of the paper is to present a preliminary framework that can be used as a basis for further refinement and development of theoretical proposals, and be employed by clinicians as a starting point for assessment planning...

..However, we believe that such a study is possible and outline some ideas for its design and implementation...

..If there are no universals of reading, there cannot be a universal model of reading...

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..That is also the goal of the method of cognitive neuropsychology. I concur with Sternberg's view that these are complementary methods that can inform each other...

..Items can be selected from the ARC Nonword Database on the basis of a wide variety of properties known or suspected to be of theoretical importance for the investigation of reading...

..D-Neg peaked earlier with increasing R-S interval and its amplitude and latency were affected by task-set interference. D-Pos and D-Neg were interpreted within current models of task-switching...

..These temporal lobe abnormalities are discussed with reference to genes which are absent in Turner syndrome and to hormonal differences between Turner syndrome subjects and 46,XX controls...

..The DRC model simulated this interaction; no other implemented computational model does so. The present results are thus consistent with rule-based serial processing in reading aloud...

..To examine schizophrenia patients' visual attention to social contextual information during a novel mental state perception task...

..Results are discussed in terms of the biomechanical properties of the articulatory system that may give rise to these effects and in terms of their methodological implications for naming experiments...

..We discuss implications of these results within time-criterion (Lupker et al., 1997) and strength-of-processing (Kello & Plaut, 2000, 2003) theories of strategic processing in reading...

..This suggests that the delayed phonology assumption that characterizes nonlexical processing in the original model needs to be abandoned in a more regular orthography...

..In their current form, all these theories are falsified by these results. We briefly discuss the obstacles that may be encountered by current models were they modified to account for our findings...

..The aim of the present study was to examine these relations using improved methodology and a younger sample of children for whom engagement with ICs would be expected to be particularly salient...

..The model rests essentially on the analysis of music-related deficits in neurologically impaired individuals, but provides useful guidelines for exploring the music faculty in normal people, using methods such as neuroimaging...

..83, respectively, whereas two regions received little support (6p23-21.3 and 11p15.5). This study also identified two novel linkages at 4p15.33-16.1 and 17p13.3, which received suggestive support (max. lod 2.08 and 1.99, respectively)...