P Zimmet

..The DRUID Study (Diabetes and Related conditions in Urban Indigenous people in the Darwin region) was designed to address this knowledge gap...

..The prevention of diabetes and control of its micro- and macrovascular complications will require an integrated, international approach if we are to see significant reduction in the huge premature morbidity and mortality it causes...

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..Above all, intervention is needed today...

..It is envisaged that the development of the new definition for the metabolic syndrome will help resolve the confusion caused by the number of earlier attempts to define this important entity...

..If lifestyle measures fail, then pharmacological intervention may be necessary. For this, novel agents such as dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists may be the therapy of the future...

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..3% of those not on insulin at 6 years. Antibodies to GAD indicate an underlying autoimmune process and have a high positive predictive value for type 1 diabetes and future insulin dependency in adults...

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..The relation with insulin independent of body mass index suggests a possible role for leptin in insulin resistance or hyperinsulinaemia...

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..To investigate whether beacon administration affects substrate utilisation, physical activity levels or energy expenditure in Psammomys obesus...

..To describe the prevalence of different stages of glucose intolerance in a population from Mauritius followed over 11 years...

..To determine if levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, predict the development of type 2 diabetes...

..We examined the associations of sitting time and television (TV) viewing time with continuously measured biomarkers of cardio-metabolic risk in Australian adults...

..To characterize the expression of the small leucine-rich glycoprotein decorin in adipose tissue...

..We determined the prevalence of and factors associated with albuminuria in an Australian population and examined the association of albuminuria with glucose tolerance...

..To compare the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) defined by four definitions and to determine which definition best identifies those at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and with insulin resistance...

..To investigate lipid profiles in Psammomys obesus and relationships between lipid profile and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome...

..To describe risk factors and vascular disease associations of retinopathy in people with impaired glucose metabolism...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the role of genetic variation in SGIP1 in human disease...

..Finally, the IDF has identified areas where more studies are currently needed; these include research into the aetiology of the syndrome...

..Haplotype frequencies of these polymorphisms did not differ between leanest and heaviest groups. The Taq IA and Ser311Cys polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene are unlikely to be common causes of obesity in these populations...

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..To investigate whether skeletal muscle gene expression of calpain 3 is related to obesity and insulin resistance...

..To provide an estimate of the morbidity and mortality resulting from abdominal overweight and obesity in the Australian population...

..We determined the longitudinal association of glucose metabolism with retinopathy in a sample of the Australian population...

..Glucose tolerance was classified according to WHO 1999 criteria...

..In addition, effects of dietary energy composition on beacon gene expression were investigated in diabetes-prone P. obesus...

..These are of relevance in both developed and developing nations...

..To determine the incidence, progression and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the multiethnic population of Mauritius...

..We aimed to establish the most appropriate anthropometric index and its optimal cutoff point for use as an ancillary measure in clinical practice when identifying people with increased absolute cardiovascular risk estimates...

..To estimate the associations between new-onset hypertension and glycemia, insulin resistance, and overall and regional adiposity in a prospective study conducted in Mauritius...

..We examined the association of quality of life with glucose tolerance status in an Australian population to determine the stage in the development of diabetes that quality of life is impaired...

..National guidelines for bariatric surgery need to be developed for people with Type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 35 kg/m² or more...

..Longer-term follow-up studies will also clarify whether both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions actually prevent Type 2 diabetes, or merely delay its onset...

..The problem is global yet requires local action. World Kidney Day on 11 March 2010 is a time to intensify action on diabetic kidney disease and to continue to do so until this huge but largely preventable health burden is controlled...

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..To develop and validate a diabetes risk assessment tool for Australia based on demographic, lifestyle and simple anthropometric measures...

..This study investigated whether impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as diabetes mellitus, increase the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality...

..To examine how fitness in both childhood and adulthood is associated with adult obesity and insulin resistance...

..These results suggest that central obesity plays a central role in the development of the MetS and appears to precede the appearance of the other MetS components...

..This national, population-based study reports diabetes incidence based on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and identifies risk factors for diabetes in Australians...

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..We conclude that albuminuria, detected by either IN or HPLC, independently predicts mortality in a community-based sample. HPLC identifies some people at increased risk of mortality that IN would not detect...

..We examined the associations of television viewing time with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels in Australian adults...

..The goal of this study was to assess the associations of physical activity time and television (TV) time with risk of "undiagnosed" abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian adults...

..Furthermore, it generates the baseline data for a prospective 5-year cohort study. The data will be important for national and regional public health and lifestyle education and health promotion programs...

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..It is envisaged that the development of the new definition for the metabolic syndrome will help resolve the confusion caused by the number of earlier attempts to define this important entity...

..018). Multivariate analysis of these correlated phenotypes also yielded a highly significant association (P = 0.0004), suggesting that BEACON may influence phenotypic variation in metabolic syndrome-related traits...

..To determine the prevalence and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Australian population and to estimate the time difference between disease onset and clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes...

..To measure the prevalence of obesity in Australian adults and to examine the associations of obesity with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors...

..National guidelines for bariatric surgery need to be developed for people with Type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 35 kg/m(2) or more...

..The aim of this work was to study the frequency of examining for diabetic eye and foot complications in an Australian population and to study factors associated with regular screening...

..Standard immunochemical urinary albumin assays detect immunoreactive albumin, whereas high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detects both immunoreactive and immunounreactive albumin...

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..To evaluate the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular disease and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults with renal insufficiency...

..To analyse the implications of using different methods to predict diabetes prevalence for the future...

..These results suggest that dispersal of hexameric insulin through chelation of Zn(2+) contributes to the hypoglycemic activity of these tetrapeptides...

..Regardless of the underlying genetic and environmental influences that mediate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a higher prevalence will undoubtedly lead to undesirable outcomes such as cardiovascular disease...

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..To determine the longitudinal association of components of health-related functioning (HRF) with incident impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes...

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..National guidelines for bariatric surgery need to be developed for people with Type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 35 kg/m(2) or more...

..Furthermore, we propose that the increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes may be accounted for by increased dietary exposure to ER-stress-inducing Streptomyces toxins...

..We explored this issue in a large, multiethnic cohort from the developing nation of Mauritius...

..We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with continuous indexes of metabolic risk in Australian adults without known diabetes...

..Identifying and targeting this section of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of ESRD...

..This new definition should assist both researchers and clinicians...

..Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the hypothesis that the components of the metabolic syndrome are manifestations of a single common factor...

..We examined the associations of physical activity with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and with 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) in men and women with low, moderate, and high waist circumference...

..This may lead to earlier progression to beta cell failure and insulin deficiency in those at risk of diabetes...

..In addition to the effects of total sedentary time, the manner in which it is accumulated may also be important. We examined the association of breaks in objectively measured sedentary time with biological markers of metabolic risk...

..To measure the prevalence of untreated hypertension in Australian adults, and examine the associations with clinical and lifestyle factors...

..CONCLUSIONS: While albuminuria may be a suitable test for general population screening for renal and cardiovascular disease, it should not replace testing for proteinuria in those with known or suspected renal disease...

..The fundamental approach is weight reduction and increased physical activity; however, drug treatment could be appropriate for diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk reduction...

..To examine the relationship of retinal vascular caliber to incident diabetes in a population-based cohort...

..Venular caliber did not predict incident retinopathy. Our findings suggest that retinal arteriolar dilatation is a specific sign of diabetic microvascular dysfunction and may be a preclinical marker of diabetic retinopathy...

..The role of prenatal nutritional exposures has not been thoroughly investigated...

..No published study has reported the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Asians using Adults Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, comparing results with that using the obesity criteria of the Asia-Pacific region...

..We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose in Australian adults...

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..Our aim was to investigate this association in a variety of ethnic groups, some highly susceptible to type 2 diabetes...

..Among Australian adults who met the public health guideline for the minimum health-enhancing levels of physical activity, we examined the dose-response associations of television-viewing time with continuous metabolic risk variables...

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