C A Nowson

..To determine the association among dietary salt, fluid, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and weight status in a nationally representative sample of Australian children aged 2 to 16 years...

..Weight loss reduces blood pressure, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has also been shown to lower blood pressure...

..8 +/- 0.6 (P = 0.15) mm Hg, respectively]. A self-selected low-sodium, high-potassium diet resulted in a greater fall in BP than a multifaceted OD, confirming the beneficial effect of dietary intervention on BP in a community setting...

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..Strategies to effectively monitor nutrient intakes and to identify those with eating impairment are required in order to ensure adequate nutrition of residents in nursing homes and hostels...

..The weak association of blood pressure to birth weight cross-sectionally is of interest, but any within-pair effect of birth weight on blood pressure must be minimal compared with the effect of current body size...

..An appropriate health message for vitamin D needs to balance the need for sunshine against the risk of skin cancer...

..Exercise resulted in a 1.8% net gain in femoral neck BMD, but additional calcium-vitamin D(3) did not enhance the response in this group of older well-nourished men...

..In conclusion, the daily consumption of low-fat fortified milk does not enhance the effects of RT on skeletal muscle size, strength, or function in healthy middle-aged and older men with adequate energy and nutrient intakes...

..The design comprised two groups matched on mobility levels, randomized to receive a daily MV or placebo (P) tablet for 6 months. The setting was an Australian residential care facility...

..To determine the plate waste, energy and selected-nutrient intake, from elderly residents living in a high-level care (HLC) and low-level care (LLC) facility...

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..The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of calcium-vitamin D(3) fortified milk on blood pressure and lipid-lipoprotein concentrations in community-dwelling older men...

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..This study investigated the relationship between depression, nutritional risk and dietary intake in a population of older caregivers...

..22; P < 0.05) between mean arterial pressure and NHE. 3. It remains to be determined whether NHE in cheek cells is associated with blood pressure tracking over time in young females...

..To pilot-test a brief written prescription recommending lifestyle changes delivered by general practitioners (GPs) to their patients...

..Dietary sodium, the major source being salt, is associated with hypertension. Australian adults consume more than the recommended amount of salt and approximately 15% of dietary sodium comes from salt added at the table and during cooking...

..From the available evidence, we can conclude that in free-living, Na-replete individuals, consuming Na in excess of physiological requirements, stress is unlikely to be a major contributor to salt intake...

..As bone resorption was not different between the two dietary patterns with relatively high Ca intake, the effect on bone health of a dietary pattern with a lower acid load warrants further study on a lower Ca intake...

..Calcium intake significantly above the recommended level is unlikely to achieve additional benefit for bone health...

..We concluded that a low-sodium DASH diet with a low dietary acid load, which also included lean red meat on most days of the week, was effective in reducing BP in older women, particularly in those taking antihypertensive medications...

..1-0.2, P < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, a LNAHK diet appeared to have a positive effect on overall mood...

..We assessed the effect of weight loss on blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate during rest, psychological stress, and recovery after stress...

..In a previous 2-y randomized controlled trial, we showed that calcium- and vitamin D3-fortified milk stopped or slowed bone loss at several clinically relevant skeletal sites in older men...

..Our results also quantify the magnitude of the benefit of HRT on bone density that might be anticipated in clinical practice...

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..6%; P = 0.005), total-hip BMD (3.2%; P = 0.04), and lower fat mass (10.9%; P = 0.01) than did parous non-breast-feeders. CONCLUSION: We found no long-term detrimental effect of pregnancy or breast-feeding on bone mineral measures...

..Despite a greater fall in energy intake reported by the ED group and a similar increase in physical activity in both groups, setting individual dietary goals did not enhance weight loss...

..Increased availability of larger dose preparations of cholecalciferol would be a useful therapy in the case of severe deficiencies...

..Effect sizes varied by site. Characterization of determinants of bone mineral density in midlife and thereafter may lead to interventions that could minimize postmenopausal bone loss and reduce osteoporotic fracture risk...

..However, for food labels to be effective in helping consumers select low salt foods a more 'user friendly' labelling format is needed...

..To assess the relationship between dietary sodium intake, as measured by urinary electrolyte excretion, and blood pressure within a population of older Australian adults...

..To determine whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce the incidence of falls and fractures in older people in residential care who are not classically vitamin D deficient...

..We quantitatively assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of stroke in a meta-analysis of cohort studies...

..5%), 18 months (4.6%), and 24 months (3.7%), respectively (all P < 0.001). Calcium supplementation was effective in increasing aBMD at regional sites over the first 12-18 months, but these gains were not maintained to 24 months...