P Maruff

..An estimate of the measurement error within each of the tests is provided, and recommendations are made regarding the application of this assessment battery for measuring cognitive change in children...

..This methodology overcomes the limitations of comparisons between studies using different tasks, doses and time at which cognitive functions are measured...

..However, the effect of VPA on cognitive functions in advanced HIV-infected individuals is largely unknown. A recent study would suggest that it may have a neuroprotective effect, the doses used were low and the observation period short...

..It is now important to establish the clinical importance of these findings, and further work is required to understand better the nature, magnitude and meaning of GH-related cognitive impairments and improvements...

..Taken together, the results suggest that the cognitive paradigms operationally defined in the CogState brief battery have acceptable construct and criterion validity in a neuropsychological context...

..08%BAC. This suggests that previous studies that have not accounted for variability in the performance data have overestimated the effect of fatigue on cognitive performance...

..Therefore, it is useful to consider statistical models for the detection of cognitive change in response to a drug treatment in individual subjects...

..Reliable tests are needed to both detect MCI and measure the natural history of decline over months rather than years. We aimed to detect memory decline over 1 year in a group of older individuals with well-characterised amnestic MCI...

..Prolonged exposure to extreme environments may result in cognitive changes that may influence decision making ability and increasing risk of injury or death...

..This is consistent with the hypothesis that patients with passivity phenomena have difficulty with maintaining an internal representation of intentional behaviour...

..A model of covert orienting in which exogenous and endogenous orienting processes interact to control attentional behaviors is discussed...

..This has implications for consistency of an athlete's performance after injury, as well as for tests used in clinical assessment and follow up of head injuries...

..Furthermore, deficits in executive function and inhibitory control appear independent in children with ADHD...

..These results suggest that the facilitation and inhibition found on COVATs which use non-informative peripheral cues are independent processes and their presence and magnitude is related to the temporal properties of cues and targets...

..Patient G.M. demonstrated reduced interference effects for contralesional flankers. Results are discussed in terms of goal-directed selective attention and response competition monitoring...

..Future work needs to address the question of whether the IMD itself is subgroup-specific...

..These results suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia have difficulty utilizing the endogenous strategies to inhibit exogenous covert attentional shifts...

..This may reflect part of a general impairment in the processing of efference copy in DCD...

..This study compared post-concussion cognitive function in recently concussed athletes who were symptomatic/asymptomatic at the time of assessment with that of non-injured (control) athletes...

..These deficits were not present in the current sample of children who were receiving psychostimulant medication...

..The effects of age, education, gender and mood on cognitive performance in healthy older individuals were also explored...

..These results suggest that subtle neurological and cognitive abnormalities do occur in individuals who abuse petrol but who do not have acute toxic encephalopathy and that the severity of these abnormalities is reduced with abstinence...

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..Thus, the evaluation of cognitive complaints must be broad and must consider the correspondence of complaints not only to relevant measurable cognitive abilities but also to the affect of the individual...

..Saccade velocity or accuracy was unaffected by age. Increasing levels of depression had a minor negative influence on the antisaccade latency, whereas increasing levels of anxiety raised the antisaccade error rate marginally...

..This study aimed to identify and characterize older people with memory decline...

..The current study assessed the sensitivity and specificity of three commonly used statistical rules in a sample of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients and healthy non-surgical controls...

..Issues critical to ensuring test reliability and sensitivity are discussed, with particular reference to how inappropriate test design can affect clinical decision making...

..A case example is used to illustrate the effect that the statistical approach may have on clinical decision making...

..This suggests that about half the gap effect is due to disengagement of visual fixation. The remainder was not due to non-specific warning effects and could be attributed to offset of the auditory fixation stimulus...

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..These results suggest that the prior offset of a covertly attended object does not facilitate the disengagement of attention...

..Few studies have assessed their relationship with neuropsychological deficits. We hypothesized that these syndromes may represent behavioural manifestations of frontal-subcortical impairments, previously described in schizophrenia...

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..Rather it is possible that such impairment may signal early neurodegenerative processes worthy of further investigation...

..To examine the effect of screening the aorta for atheroma before aortic manipulation and use of exclusive Y graft revascularization on the incidence of neuropsychological dysfunction after coronary artery bypass...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data provide direct evidence for the involvement of the parietal lobe in the pathophysiology of passivity delusions in schizophrenia...

..Results have implications for the use of (guided) motor imagery training in order to facilitate the development of motor skill in children with DCD...

..We review the literature and discuss the theoretical constructs that form the presumed impetus for these studies in light of the current methodological limitations. Future directions are noted...

..This study aimed to evaluate the serial usability of the test specifically within an older community cohort...

..Furthermore, the origin of this deficit in efference copy probably exists at the level of the parietal lobe...

..Children with ADHD-CT may benefit from cognitive and behavioural strategies focused on improving encoding of relevant information rather than retrieval strategies...

..In healthy adults, voluntary inhibition of micturition is associated with an increasing sensation in the urge to void and pain, and acute pain has been associated with transient deterioration in aspects of cognitive function...

..The operational definition of MCI is currently imprecise and would be improved by objective criteria. Inherent in the transition from MCI to AD is cognitive decline, which can be detected using multiple assessments over several years...

..However, this hypothesis is based on performance on paradigms that require overt or covert shifts of spatial attention...

..Anaesthetic registrars demonstrate a significant decline in cognitive performance after a series of night shifts...

..No practice effects were observed. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of methods that can be adopted in order to minimize practice effects when this particular cognitive battery is used...

..In particular, it may be of use in neurologically at-risk patients requiring antiviral therapy and in monitoring the neurologic responses to such treatment...

..In an attempt to address this issue, present investigations are adopting a convergent approach to the detection of preclinical AD, where multiple risk factors are considered when making a diagnosis...

..Predictors of in-hospital death include the need for intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and angiographic failure; long-term outcomes at 2 years in hospital survivors are favorable...

..To compare brain beta-amyloid (Abeta) burden measured with [(11)C]Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) PET in normal aging, Alzheimer disease (AD), and other dementias...

..These differences and similarities in performance impairment are discussed emphasizing the deleterious cognitive effects of relatively short periods of sustained wakefulness...

..This study assessed the severity and nature of cognitive impairment associated with adjuvant chemotherapy by conducting a meta-analysis of the published literature to date...

..However, in clinical trials of compounds with potentially negative effects on cognition, the results of cognitive testing may overlap with AE recordings...

..5 h and produced results comparable to those obtained with hand analysis. However, caution should be exercised when applying the suggested preset values to pathological voice populations...

..g., f 0, noise-to-harmonic ratio, number of pauses) were accurately obtained using all three methods; however, minimum recording standards were required for widely used measures of perturbation...

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..To determine the correlation between CogSport and two conventional neuropsychological tests...

..These results indicate that individuals with MCI can be differentiated from healthy older people and older people with transient cognitive impairments, but that such differentiation requires serial assessment of cognitive function...

..On the basis of these results, methodological and statistical strategies that may aid in the differentiation of practice effects from drug-induced cognitive changes are proposed...

..The results suggested that differences in visual memory skills may account for some of the variance seen in the language abilities of children using implants and children using hearing aids...

..Therefore improvement in neuropsychological testing instruments may increase our understanding of postoperative cognitive decline...

..These results suggest subjects cannot anticipate the effects of an actual limb injury. Furthermore, while they are able to control the general duration of imagined movements they have little voluntary control over their relative timing...

..Children with Specific language Impairment (SLI) have problems with verbal memory, particularly with tasks that have more processing demands. They also have slower speeds of responding for some tasks...

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..This suggests that cortico-striatal circuits that are strongly implicated in the sequencing of simple movements appear to be function normally in DCD...

..We sought to determine if the use of propofol alone results in less cognitive impairment at discharge than the use of propofol plus midazolam and/or fentanyl in patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy...

..Evidence-based clinical data are required for safe return to play after concussion in sport...

..The data also suggests that early intervention trials for AD targeted to non-demented individuals with cerebral Abeta deposition are warranted...

..Findings suggest that sustained attention improves to age 10, then plateaus with only minor improvements. Further, performance was generally poorer on high load tasks compared to low load, with the same developmental pattern uncovered...

..This paper describes the recruitment of the cohort and gives information about the study methodology, baseline demography, diagnoses, medical comorbidities, medication use, and cognitive function of the participants...

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..This is the first direct evidence that neurological and cognitive impairment from chronic petrol sniffing ameliorates with abstinence and may recover completely...

..Although this study lends support to the theory that a deficit in internal modeling is an underlying problem for children with DCD, still more research is required to develop the theory further...

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..CONCLUSIONS: While neurological and cognitive functions are disrupted by chronic gasoline abuse, leaded gasoline encephalopathy is associated with additional and long-lasting damage to cortical and cerebellar functions...

..These results support the use of this methodology for minimizing cross-cultural test bias, and have important implications for testing culturally and linguistically diverse individuals...

..Neurological abnormalities associated with lead encephalopathy involve the cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brain stem...

..Ongoing appraisal of in-hospital cardiac arrests through a multicentre registry could improve clinical outcomes...

..This occurs because these children manifest a reduced ability to make imagined transformations from an egocentric or first-person perspective...

..The current paper outlines these core difficulties and provides some potential methods to overcome these...

..These findings add to the emerging literature characterizing intended and actual motor impairments associated with DCD alone...

..Given the evidence showing an absence or reversal of normal anatomical asymmetries in patients with schizophrenia, the current study examined the anterior cingulate cortex sulcal-gyral patterns in patients with schizophrenia...

..We aim to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of augmentation with quetiapine in depressed patients with a partial response to antidepressants...

..These results suggest that the AL impairments observed in older people with cognitive decline may be due to HF dysfunction...

..While there has recently been increasing concern about potentially fatal liver damage attributed to kava use, we have found no evidence of brain dysfunction in heavy and long-term kava users...

..The current study tested this by applying a constant rule for cognitive dysfunction using combinations of two to seven cognitive tests...

..We measured cognition both before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and assayed Abeta levels to investigate whether the cognitive dysfunction of cardiac surgery was associated with Abeta levels...

..The observed pattern of activation is consistent with models of auditory hallucinations as mis-remembered episodic memories of speech...

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..Implications for the analysis of such studies are discussed...

..The findings suggest that in contrast to findings in SCZ, there are very few (if any) gross structural anomalies in OCD...

..This study demonstrates an evidence-based approach to evaluating concurrent cognitive and behavioural improvement in individual children with ADHD following treatment with stimulant medication...

..These results support the efference-copy-deficit hypothesis in explaining the cause of motor clumsiness in most children. Directions for future intervention studies and remediation in the field of developmental clumsiness are discussed...

..The current use of both high- and low-dose fentanyl as anesthetic techniques allowed us to investigate the effect of fentanyl on the incidence of POCD...