P M Clifton

Summary

Country: Australia

Publications

  1. ncbi The beginning of the end for the dietary calcium and obesity hypothesis?
    Peter Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Obes Res 13:1301. 2005
  2. ncbi High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering
    Peter M Clifton
    Goodman Fielder Pty Ltd, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
    J Lipid Res 45:1493-9. 2004
  3. ncbi Plant sterol and stanols--comparison and contrasts. Sterols versus stanols in cholesterol-lowering: is there a difference?
    Peter Clifton
    Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, POB 10041, 5000 BC, SA, Adelaide, Australia
    Atheroscler Suppl 3:5-9. 2002
  4. ncbi Lowering cholesterol - a review on the role of plant sterols
    Peter Clifton
    Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, South Australia
    Aust Fam Physician 38:218-21. 2009
  5. ncbi Diet and C-reactive protein
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Curr Atheroscler Rep 5:431-6. 2003
  6. ncbi High protein diets decrease total and abdominal fat and improve CVD risk profile in overweight and obese men and women with elevated triacylglycerol
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 19:548-54. 2009
  7. ncbi Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and the food supply are associated with myocardial infarction
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000
    J Nutr 134:874-9. 2004
  8. ncbi Metabolic effects of high-protein diets
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, South Australia, 5000, Australia
    Curr Atheroscler Rep 9:472-8. 2007
  9. ncbi Long-term effects of a high-protein weight-loss diet
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 87:23-9. 2008
  10. ncbi Dietary treatment for obesity
    Peter M Clifton
    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:672-81. 2008

Detail Information

Publications95

  1. ncbi The beginning of the end for the dietary calcium and obesity hypothesis?
    Peter Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Obes Res 13:1301. 2005
  2. ncbi High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering
    Peter M Clifton
    Goodman Fielder Pty Ltd, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
    J Lipid Res 45:1493-9. 2004
    ..6-3.2 g/day phytosterols. Lowering of plasma carotenoids was greater than that seen with lower phytosterol intake and was partially reversed by increased fruit and vegetable intake...
  3. ncbi Plant sterol and stanols--comparison and contrasts. Sterols versus stanols in cholesterol-lowering: is there a difference?
    Peter Clifton
    Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, POB 10041, 5000 BC, SA, Adelaide, Australia
    Atheroscler Suppl 3:5-9. 2002
  4. ncbi Lowering cholesterol - a review on the role of plant sterols
    Peter Clifton
    Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, South Australia
    Aust Fam Physician 38:218-21. 2009
    ..Plant sterols are an important but underused dietary component in the treatment of elevated blood cholesterol...
  5. ncbi Diet and C-reactive protein
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Curr Atheroscler Rep 5:431-6. 2003
    ..Alcohol lowers CRP, but the mechanism is unknown. The interaction between gender and obesity needs further work, but it appears that obesity has a greater effect on CRP levels in women...
  6. ncbi High protein diets decrease total and abdominal fat and improve CVD risk profile in overweight and obese men and women with elevated triacylglycerol
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 19:548-54. 2009
    ..Our objective was to determine the effects of high protein (HP) compared to standard protein (SP) diets on CVD risk in obese adults...
  7. ncbi Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and the food supply are associated with myocardial infarction
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000
    J Nutr 134:874-9. 2004
    ..66, 0.66, respectively). We conclude that TFAs in adipose tissue are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and rapidly disappear from adipose tissue when not included in margarines...
  8. ncbi Metabolic effects of high-protein diets
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, South Australia, 5000, Australia
    Curr Atheroscler Rep 9:472-8. 2007
    ..The overall effect on long-term atherosclerosis risk is not clear, as the current limited epidemiology provides conflicting data...
  9. ncbi Long-term effects of a high-protein weight-loss diet
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 87:23-9. 2008
    ..Evidence that high-protein diets are an effective strategy for the maintenance of long-term weight loss is limited...
  10. ncbi Dietary treatment for obesity
    Peter M Clifton
    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:672-81. 2008
    ..Bariatric surgery can also lead to a reduction in mortality and comorbidities but adverse effects can occur including nutritional deficiencies and gastrointestinal symptoms...
  11. ncbi The science behind weight loss diets--a brief review
    Peter Clifton
    University of Adelaide and CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia
    Aust Fam Physician 35:580-2. 2006
    ..Controversy surrounds both the Atkins diet and moderate carbohydrate, high protein diets...
  12. ncbi Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Int J Obes (Lond) 29:1445-51. 2005
    ....
  13. ncbi Dietary intervention to lower serum cholesterol
    Peter Clifton
    CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia
    Aust Fam Physician 38:424-9. 2009
    ..Dietary intervention to lower serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is effective, yet underutilised in general practice...
  14. ncbi Dose-response effects of different plant sterol sources in fat spreads on serum lipids and C-reactive protein and on the kinetic behavior of serum plant sterols
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Eur J Clin Nutr 62:968-77. 2008
    ..To test the dose-response effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) of plant sterols (PS) from different sources in a low-fat spread...
  15. ncbi Ghrelin and measures of satiety are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome but not differentially affected by diet composition
    L J Moran
    Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:3337-44. 2004
    ..001) and more hungry (P = 0.007) after a test meal at wk 0 and 16 than subjects without PCOS. Appetite regulation, as measured by subjective short-term hunger and satiety and ghrelin homeostasis, may be impaired in PCOS...
  16. ncbi Effect of energy restriction, weight loss, and diet composition on plasma lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes
    L K Heilbronn
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Australia
    Diabetes Care 22:889-95. 1999
    ..To determine the optimal diet for improving glucose and lipid profiles in obese patients with type 2 diabetes during moderate energy restriction...
  17. ncbi Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects
    G D Brinkworth
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:661-70. 2004
    ..CONCLUSION: Without active ongoing dietary advice, adherence to dietary intervention is poor. Nonetheless, both dietary patterns achieved net weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors...
  18. ncbi Effect of caloric restriction with and without exercise training on oxidative stress and endothelial function in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes
    T P Wycherley
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Diabetes Obes Metab 10:1062-73. 2008
    ....
  19. ncbi Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial
    G D Brinkworth
    Commonwealth Scientific Industrial and Research Organisation (CSIRO, Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Diabetologia 47:1677-86. 2004
    ..CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A high-protein weight-reduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a low-protein diet with similar weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes...
  20. ncbi Comparison of aerobic exercise capacity and muscle strength in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
    R L Thomson
    Australian Technology Network Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
    BJOG 116:1242-50. 2009
    ..To assess maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and muscle strength in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and determine their relationship with metabolic and hormonal factors...
  21. ncbi Long-term effects of weight loss with a very low carbohydrate and low fat diet on vascular function in overweight and obese patients
    T P Wycherley
    Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
    J Intern Med 267:452-61. 2010
    ..To compare the effects of an energy reduced very low carbohydrate, high saturated fat diet (LC) and an isocaloric high carbohydrate, low fat diet (LF) on endothelial function after 12 months...
  22. ncbi Dietary composition in restoring reproductive and metabolic physiology in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    L J Moran
    Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:812-9. 2003
    ..An HP weight loss diet may result in minor differential endocrine and metabolic improvements...
  23. ncbi Effects of meals with high soluble fibre, high amylose barley variant on glucose, insulin, satiety and thermic effect of food in healthy lean women
    J B Keogh
    Human Nutrition, CSIRO, Adelaide, Australia
    Eur J Clin Nutr 61:597-604. 2007
    ....
  24. ncbi Appetite hormones and energy intake in obese men after consumption of fructose, glucose and whey protein beverages
    J Bowen
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Int J Obes (Lond) 31:1696-703. 2007
    ..To investigate appetite responses over 4 h to fructose beverages in obese men, relative to glucose and whey protein. Second, to investigate the effect of combining whey and fructose on postprandial appetite hormones...
  25. ncbi 360His polymorphism of the apolipoproteinA-IV gene and plasma lipid response to energy restricted diets in overweight subjects
    L K Heilbronn
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, PO Box 10041, Adelaide, S A Australia
    Atherosclerosis 150:187-92. 2000
    ..Therefore, weight loss as a treatment to reduce CVD risk factors may be more effective in subjects with the apoA-IV-1/1 variant as compared to those with the apoA-IV-1/2 variant, especially in subjects with type 2 diabetes...
  26. ncbi Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults
    J Bowen
    Department of Physiology, JB University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Int J Obes (Lond) 29:957-65. 2005
    ..Weight reduction following increased protein diets is associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes that are not affected by protein source...
  27. ncbi The effect of comprehensive lifestyle intervention or metformin on obesity in young women
    S S Lim
    Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Adelaide University, SA 5000, Australia
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21:261-8. 2011
    ....
  28. ncbi Timing of protein ingestion relative to resistance exercise training does not influence body composition, energy expenditure, glycaemic control or cardiometabolic risk factors in a hypocaloric, high protein diet in patients with type 2 diabetes
    T P Wycherley
    Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Diabetes Obes Metab 12:1097-105. 2010
    ....
  29. ncbi Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on weight loss and energy expenditure after weight stabilization in hyperinsulinemic subjects
    N D Luscombe
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia
    Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27:582-90. 2003
    ..Caloric restriction, rather than the macronutrient composition of the diet, is the most important determinant of weight loss...
  30. ncbi Flow-mediated dilatation in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    G D Brinkworth
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    BJOG 113:1308-14. 2006
    ....
  31. ncbi Self-reported facilitators of, and impediments to maintenance of healthy lifestyle behaviours following a supervised research-based lifestyle intervention programme in patients with type 2 diabetes
    T P Wycherley
    Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
    Diabet Med 29:632-9. 2012
    ..This study aimed to document factors reported by overweight and obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes as enhancing or impeding sustainability of lifestyle behaviours following participation in such a programme...
  32. ncbi Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters differ in milk, yoghurt, bread and cereal
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Eur J Clin Nutr 58:503-9. 2004
    ..To measure the relative effects of each of four phytosterol ester-enriched low-fat foods (bread, breakfast cereal, milk and yoghurt) on serum lipids, plasma phytosterols and carotenoids...
  33. ncbi Long-term effects of a low carbohydrate, low fat or high unsaturated fat diet compared to a no-intervention control
    S S Lim
    Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Adelaide University, SA 5000, Australia
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20:599-607. 2010
    ..The aim of this study was to compare the changes in weight and other cardiovascular risk factors in 3 isocaloric energy-restricted diets to no-intervention control after 1 year...
  34. ncbi Moderate weight loss reduces renin and aldosterone but does not influence basal or stimulated pituitary-adrenal axis function
    J T Ho
    Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Horm Metab Res 39:694-9. 2007
    ..There may be a threshold effect of weight loss/energy restriction required to alter HPA axis function, or moderate weight loss may lead to a counterbalanced effect of stimulatory and inhibitory influences on HPA axis function...
  35. ncbi Changes in plasma lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors during 3 energy-restricted diets differing in total fat and fatty acid composition
    M Noakes
    CSIRO Health Science and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 71:706-12. 2000
    ..The well-established relation between changes in dietary fatty acids and plasma lipids has been determined in energy-balance states. Whether this relation is altered in states of energy restriction and active weight loss is not clear...
  36. ncbi Weight loss and plasma lipids
    M Noakes
    CSIRO Health Science and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia
    Curr Opin Lipidol 11:65-70. 2000
    ..However, whether the lipid changes that are observed in the short term are sustained in the long term and whether the manner of weight loss has any impact on long-term outcomes remains to be determined...
  37. ncbi Effects of energy-restricted diets containing increased protein on weight loss, resting energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of feeding in type 2 diabetes
    N D Luscombe
    University of Adelaide, Department of Physiology, South Australia
    Diabetes Care 25:652-7. 2002
    ..02 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes, a low-fat diet with an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio does not significantly increase weight loss or blunt the fall in REE...
  38. ncbi Energy restriction and weight loss on very-low-fat diets reduce C-reactive protein concentrations in obese, healthy women
    L K Heilbronn
    Department of Physiology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21:968-70. 2001
    ..6%, P=0.001). This study confirms recent observations that BMI is associated with CRP, a marker for low-grade systemic inflammation. Furthermore, we observed that CRP was lowered in proportion to weight loss...
  39. ncbi Effect of a high-protein, high-monounsaturated fat weight loss diet on glycemic control and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes
    Barbara Parker
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Diabetes Care 25:425-30. 2002
    ..However, the greater reductions in total and abdominal fat mass in women and greater LDL cholesterol reduction observed in both sexes on the HP diet suggest that it is a valid diet choice for reducing CVD risk in type 2 diabetes...
  40. ncbi Sodium intake and excretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis of overweight and obese males and females in Australia
    A M Villani
    CSIRO, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    J Hum Nutr Diet 25:129-39. 2012
    ..Dietary sodium plays an important regulatory role in blood pressure management. However, dietary sodium intakes and the major food sources of dietary sodium have yet to be thoroughly investigated in individuals with T2DM...
  41. ncbi The role of meal replacements in obesity treatment
    J B Keogh
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Obes Rev 6:229-34. 2005
    ..Meal replacements for weight loss are available in the community; however, their efficacy in the longer term is not clear. This review summarizes recent evidence on the use of meal replacements as a weight loss strategy...
  42. ncbi Impaired HDL response to fat in men with coronary artery disease
    P M Clifton
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041, BC, Adelaide, Australia
    Atherosclerosis 150:159-65. 2000
    ..Thus men with premature coronary artery disease and a low HDL cholesterol appear to have an impaired elevation of HDL cholesterol in response to dietary fat, and insulin resistance may underlie this response...
  43. ncbi Association between HDL-cholesterol and the Taq1B polymorphism in the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in obese women
    Leonie K Heilbronn
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Atherosclerosis 162:419-24. 2002
    ..Improved insulin sensitivity during weight loss did not change this relationship in women with high fasting insulin or type 2 diabetes...
  44. ncbi Relationship between plasma insulin and erythrocyte fatty acid composition
    P M Clifton
    Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia
    Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 59:191-4. 1998
    ..We would suggest that n-6 fatty acids, and in particular arachidonic acid, modify the membrane environment of the insulin receptor (or the glucose transporters) so that lower levels of insulin are required for glucose homeostasis...
  45. ncbi The effect of milk protein on the bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols
    J B Keogh
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041 Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000, Australia
    J Food Sci 72:S230-3. 2007
    ..In conclusion, milk powder did not influence the average concentration of polyphenols. While it slightly accelerated absorption, this is of no physiological significance...
  46. ncbi Relations between calcium intake, calcitriol, polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene, and calcium absorption in premenopausal women
    J M Wishart
    Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 65:798-802. 1997
    ..We conclude that serum calcitriol and dietary calcium are independent determinants of calcium absorption in premenopausal women and that VDR gene polymorphisms influence calcium absorption...
  47. ncbi High protein high fibre snack bars reduce food intake and improve short term glucose and insulin profiles compared with high fat snack bars
    Gemma Williams
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15:443-50. 2006
    ..05). Altering the macronutrient composition of a snack bar can assist in reducing the energy intake at a subsequent meal and improve short term glucose and insulin profiles...
  48. ncbi The effect of meal replacements high in glycomacropeptide on weight loss and markers of cardiovascular disease risk
    Jennifer B Keogh
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 87:1602-5. 2008
    ..Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a peptide that has been shown to stimulate release of cholecystokinin, which may promote satiety...
  49. ncbi An increase in dietary carotenoids when consuming plant sterols or stanols is effective in maintaining plasma carotenoid concentrations
    Manny Noakes
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 75:79-86. 2002
    ..Plant-sterol-enriched spreads lower LDL cholesterol but may also lower lipid-standardized carotenoids...
  50. ncbi Weight loss, diet composition and cardiovascular risk
    Manny Noakes
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Curr Opin Lipidol 15:31-5. 2004
    ..This review summarizes recent evidence on short-term metabolic effects and long-term adherence...
  51. ncbi Aleurone flour increases red-cell folate and lowers plasma homocyst(e)ine substantially in man
    Michael Fenech
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Gouger Street, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia
    Br J Nutr 93:353-60. 2005
    ..1 (8.2, 10.0) micromol/l at baseline to 6.8 (6.2, 7.5) micromol/l after 16 weeks. In conclusion, moderate dietary intake of ALF can increase red-cell folate and decrease plasma homocyst(e)ine substantially...
  52. ncbi High-protein/high red meat and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets do not differ in their effect on faecal water genotoxicity tested by use of the WIL2-NS cell line and with other biomarkers of bowel health
    Bianca Benassi-Evans
    CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
    Mutat Res 703:130-6. 2010
    ....
  53. ncbi The role of n-6 polyunsaturated fat in stable asthmatics
    A Morris
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
    J Asthma 38:311-9. 2001
    ..01) in plasma linoleic acid, a 38% decrease (p < or = 0.01) in plasma eicosapentaenoic acid, but no change in arachidonic acid. There were no changes in symptom scores or bronchodilator use...
  54. ncbi Oil blends containing partially hydrogenated or interesterified fats: differential effects on plasma lipids
    M Noakes
    CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, SA, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 68:242-7. 1998
    ..We conclude that, compared with butter, TFA-free margarines may be equal to or more effective than margarines containing TFAs in lowering LDL cholesterol...
  55. ncbi Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides
    D L Topping
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Physiol Rev 81:1031-64. 2001
    ..However, the lack of a generally accepted analytical procedure that accommodates the major influences on RS means this is yet to be established...
  56. ncbi Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assays for the determination of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cecal water in rats and fecal water in humans
    Bianca Benassi
    Division of Human Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P O Box 10041, Gouger Street, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2676-80. 2007
    ....
  57. ncbi Genome instability is increased in lymphocytes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and is correlated with insulin resistance
    Lisa J Moran
    Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
    Mutat Res 639:55-63. 2008
    ..The potential genetic contributors to PCOS are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that genomic instability (chromosome malsegregation and DNA damage) is increased in PCOS...
  58. ncbi A longitudinal study of bone-related biochemical changes at the menopause
    B E Christopher Nordin
    Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61:123-30. 2004
    ..To evaluate the effects of the menopause on bone-related biochemical variables in a longitudinal study...
  59. ncbi Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity
    Jennifer B Keogh
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 87:567-76. 2008
    ..The effects of a very-low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat weight-loss diet (LC) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and markers of endothelial function are unknown...
  60. ncbi Metabolic effects of weight loss on a very-low-carbohydrate diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet in abdominally obese subjects
    Jeannie Tay
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    J Am Coll Cardiol 51:59-67. 2008
    ..This study was designed to compare the effects of an energy-reduced, isocaloric very-low-carbohydrate, high-fat (VLCHF) diet and a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet on weight loss and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk outcomes...
  61. ncbi Effect of carbohydrate distribution on postprandial glucose peaks with the use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes
    Karma L Pearce
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, and Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 87:638-44. 2008
    ..Large postprandial glucose peaks are associated with increased risk of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease...
  62. ncbi -308 Nco I polymorphism of tumour necrosis factor alpha in overweight Caucasians
    Alison M Morris
    Department of Physiology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract 62:197-201. 2003
    ..The AA variant at position -308 in the promoter region of the TNFalpha gene does not influence the amount of weight lost in overweight and obese men and women on a 30% energy restricted diet...
  63. ncbi A high dairy protein, high-calcium diet minimizes bone turnover in overweight adults during weight loss
    Jane Bowen
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
    J Nutr 134:568-73. 2004
    ..Combined with reduced urinary calcium excretion, this suggests that a high-protein, calcium-replete diet may protect against bone loss during weight reduction...
  64. ncbi In vitro mononuclear cell production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and weight loss
    Alison M Morris
    Department of Physiology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract 63:179-84. 2004
    ..Elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in adipose tissue has been associated with obesity. We investigated whether mononuclear cell production of TNF-alpha decreased with weight loss in an obese population...
  65. ncbi The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    Rebecca L Thomson
    Australian Technology Network Centre for Metabolic Fitness and Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:3373-80. 2008
    ..In overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the benefits of the addition of exercise to an energy-restricted diet in further improving cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive function has not been extensively studied...
  66. ncbi Reductions in blood pressure following energy restriction for weight loss do not rebound after re-establishment of energy balance in overweight and obese subjects
    Grant D Brinkworth
    Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Clin Exp Hypertens 30:385-96. 2008
    ..The objective of the present study was to elucidate the separate effects of energy restriction and weight loss on blood pressure (BP) and to assess the relationship between sodium intake, weight loss, and BP...
  67. ncbi Plant sterol ester-enriched milk and yoghurt effectively reduce serum cholesterol in modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects
    Manny Noakes
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Eur J Nutr 44:214-22. 2005
    ....
  68. ncbi Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and women
    Emma Farnsworth
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 78:31-9. 2003
    ..CONCLUSION: Replacing carbohydrate with protein from meat, poultry, and dairy foods has beneficial metabolic effects and no adverse effects on markers of bone turnover or calcium excretion...
  69. ncbi Effect of maternal feed restriction during pregnancy on glucose tolerance in the adult guinea pig
    Karen L Kind
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R140-52. 2003
    ..These findings suggest that mild to moderate prenatal perturbation programs postnatal glucose homeostasis adversely in the guinea pig, as in the human...
  70. ncbi The effect of high- and low-glycemic index energy restricted diets on plasma lipid and glucose profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects with varying glycemic control
    Leonie K Heilbronn
    Department of Physiology, Adelaide University, Health Sciences and Nutrition, South Australia, Australia
    J Am Coll Nutr 21:120-7. 2002
    ..Lowering the glycemic index of high carbohydrate, low fat diets increases the fall in LDL cholesterol in subjects with type 2 diabetes with low glucose tolerance, but has little effect on glycemic control...
  71. ncbi Very low-fat (12%) and high monounsaturated fat (35%) diets do not differentially affect abdominal fat loss in overweight, nondiabetic women
    Peter M Clifton
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000
    J Nutr 134:1741-5. 2004
    ..05). In conclusion, weight, total fat mass, and regional fat mass loss did not differ in the 2 groups of women but there was an apparent preservation of lean mass in premenopausal women consuming HIMO...
  72. ncbi Postprandial ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and appetite before and after weight loss in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
    Lisa J Moran
    Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 86:1603-10. 2007
    ..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition associated with obesity and with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Abnormalities in appetite regulation in PCOS patients may contribute to difficulties in weight management...
  73. ncbi Dietary plant sterols supplementation does not alter lipoprotein kinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome
    Esther M M Ooi
    Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16:624-31. 2007
    ..Future studies with larger sample size, stratification to low and high cholesterol absorbers and cholesterol balance studies are warranted...
  74. ncbi Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women
    Manny Noakes
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 81:1298-306. 2005
    ..Limited evidence suggests that a higher ratio of protein to carbohydrate during weight loss has metabolic advantages...
  75. ncbi The satiating effect of dietary protein is unrelated to postprandial ghrelin secretion
    Lisa J Moran
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Australia, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Adelaide, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5205-11. 2005
    ..Increasing dietary protein relative to carbohydrate and fat enhances weight loss, at least in part by increasing satiety. The mechanism for this is unclear...
  76. ncbi Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future
    Linda C Tapsell
    National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, University of Wollongong, NSW
    Med J Aust 185:S4-24. 2006
    ..With time, we can expect to see a greater body of scientific evidence supporting the benefits of herbs and spices in the overall maintenance of health and protection from disease...
  77. ncbi Weight loss improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese men with features of the metabolic syndrome
    Grant D Brinkworth
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Am Heart J 152:693.e1-6. 2006
    ..We sought to determine the effects of weight loss on HRR and its association with traditional CVD risk markers...
  78. ncbi The use of novel foods enriched with long-chain n-3 fatty acids to increase dietary intake: a comparison of methodologies assessing nutrient intake
    Craig S Patch
    National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
    J Am Diet Assoc 105:1918-26. 2005
    ..To evaluate the effect of consuming a variety of foods enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids in low fish eaters...
  79. ncbi Use of [14C]-sodium bicarbonate/urea to measure total energy expenditure in overweight men and women before and after low calorie diet induced weight loss
    Natalie D Luscombe
    University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15:307-16. 2006
    ..1-10%...
  80. ncbi Short-term meal replacements followed by dietary macronutrient restriction enhance weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome
    Lisa J Moran
    Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 84:77-87. 2006
    ..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common condition in women, improves with weight loss. Meal replacements in short-term weight loss and strategies for weight maintenance have not been investigated in PCOS...
  81. ncbi Appetite regulatory hormone responses to various dietary proteins differ by body mass index status despite similar reductions in ad libitum energy intake
    Jane Bowen
    Department of Human Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2913-9. 2006
    ..Although dietary protein produces higher acute satiety relative to carbohydrate, the influence of protein source and body mass index (BMI) has not been clearly described...
  82. ncbi Comparison of three bioelectrical impedance methods with DXA in overweight and obese men
    Ian R Pateyjohns
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Obesity (Silver Spring) 14:2064-70. 2006
    ..Imp-SF and Tanita demonstrated little bias and may be useful for group comparisons, but their utility for assessment of body composition in individuals is limited...
  83. ncbi Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinaemic men and women
    Jennifer B Keogh
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
    Br J Nutr 97:405-10. 2007
    ..After 1 year there remained a clinically significant weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors with no adverse effects of a high monounsaturated fat diet...
  84. ncbi Effects of weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet on flow-mediated dilatation, adhesion molecules and adiponectin
    Jennifer B Keogh
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
    Br J Nutr 98:852-9. 2007
    ..778, P < 0.01) and glucose (r - 0.563, P = 0.057). In summary, weight loss does not improve FMD. Novel cardiovascular risk factors improved at 12 weeks but the improvement in adiponectin was delayed...
  85. ncbi Meal replacements are as effective as structured weight-loss diets for treating obesity in adults with features of metabolic syndrome
    Manny Noakes
    Commonwealth Scientific industrial Organization, Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
    J Nutr 134:1894-9. 2004
    ..Dietary compliance and convenience were viewed more favorably by participants who consumed meal replacements than by those in a conventional weight-loss program...
  86. ncbi Good agreement between bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating changes in body composition during weight loss in overweight young women
    Rebecca Thomson
    CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Clin Nutr 26:771-7. 2007
    ..To compare estimations of body composition using two different methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimating body composition during weight loss in overweight and obese young females...
  87. ncbi Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance
    Angela K Halyburton
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 86:580-7. 2007
    ..Low-carbohydrate diets are often used to promote weight loss, but their effects on psychological function are largely unknown...
  88. ncbi The use of anti-mullerian hormone in predicting menstrual response after weight loss in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    Lisa J Moran
    Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, 6th Floor, Medical School North, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:3796-802. 2007
    ....
  89. ncbi Flow-mediated dilatation is impaired by a high-saturated fat diet but not by a high-carbohydrate diet
    Jennifer B Keogh
    CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25:1274-9. 2005
    ..5 ng/mL; P=0.001) and PUFA (96+/-36.4 ng/mL; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High SFA caused deterioration in FMD compared with high PUFA, MUFA, or CARB diets. Inflammatory responses may also be increased on this diet...
  90. ncbi Carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective at promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids
    Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
    Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Adelaide, Australia
    Am J Clin Nutr 81:762-72. 2005
    ....
  91. ncbi C-reactive protein before and after weight loss in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
    Lisa J Moran
    Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2944-51. 2007
    ..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. It is unknown whether overweight women with and without PCOS achieve similar benefits from weight loss for cardiovascular risk factors...
  92. ncbi Energy intake, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin after different carbohydrate and protein preloads in overweight men
    Jane Bowen
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Human Nutrition, P O Box 10041 BC, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:1477-83. 2006
    ..Dietary proteins appear to be more satiating than carbohydrate. The mechanism and effect of protein and carbohydrate type are unclear...
  93. ncbi The role of fats in the lifecycle stages. Adulthood--prevention: diabetes
    Peter M Clifton
    Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Med J Aust 176:S120-1. 2002
    ..Body weight is far more critical than macronutrient composition...
  94. ncbi Effect of maternal feed restriction on blood pressure in the adult guinea pig
    Karen L Kind
    Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA
    Exp Physiol 87:469-77. 2002
    ..Thus, moderate balanced undernutrition in the guinea pig increases systolic blood pressure in young adult male offspring; however, these effects may be mediated, at least in part, through effects on fetal growth...
  95. ncbi Chronic maternal feed restriction impairs growth but increases adiposity of the fetal guinea pig
    Karen L Kind
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288:R119-26. 2005
    ..If this early-onset obesity persists, it may contribute to the metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction that these offspring of feed-restricted mothers develop as adults...