Paul Nestel

..Future trials will be needed to determine minimum effective dosages of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids over lengthy periods and to show cardiovascular disease reduction through intervention...

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..Patients in Australia and New Zealand (n = 9014) who participated in a large secondary prevention trial had significantly different CHD mortality rates...

..Legumes are recommended for better glucose control in persons with diabetes. Whether subjects with normal insulin sensitivity would also benefit from legume consumption is not clear...

..Adjustment for confounders (age, arterial pressure, BMI, LDL cholesterol) did not affect conclusions. Thus, arterial stiffness in the central elastic arterial system increased rapidly at high plasma homocysteine concentrations...

..To determine whether dairy fat in cheese raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as much as in butter, since epidemiology suggests a different impact on cardiovascular disease...

..The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among a number of Asian populations as defined by several current criteria has been increasing rapidly and appears to resemble that among Western populations...

..Their similarity to steroidal oestrogens has stimulated research into potential cardiovascular benefits. The two major areas, those of lipid lowering and of improved vascular function, are reviewed...

..SAC, which reflects arterial elasticity, is emerging as a new cardiovascular risk factor and appears to predict future cardiovascular events...

..The effect of supplemental trans-tetrahydrodaidzein (THD) a metabolite of daidzein on pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness was tested in overweight men and postmenopausal women...

..5. In conclusion, in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome, fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure, and possibly HbA1c and the 2 h glucose post-glucose load, predicted increased arterial stiffness...

..We sought to examine the effects of plasma lipids, especially in remnants after a fat meal, on systemic arterial compliance (SAC), a newly recognized cardiovascular risk factor...

..Thus, the triad of evidence comprising epidemiology, biologic plausibility, and interventional success through a randomized, controlled trial has been established...

..In this study, the major naturally occurring CLA isomer (cis-9,trans-11) was tested in an atherosclerosis-prone mouse model...

..DHIF's ability to attenuate NF-kappaB activation suggests that it may not only be useful in preventing restenosis but also in attenuating atherosclerosis...

..Cardiac transplant recipients frequently have high plasma HDL levels but it is unclear whether these promote a cardioprotective profile...

..The effects of the statin, rosuvastatin on indices of reverse cholesterol transport were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in 25 overweight subjects with defined metabolic syndrome...

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..8%+/-0.8% versus 16.2%+/-0.3%; P<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The likely reason for higher HDL concentration in physically fit people is increased formation of HDL from apoA-I and cellular lipids...

..In this review we analyze what is currently known about effect of statins on HDL metabolism and on reverse cholesterol transport in particular...

..Glucose ingestion stimulates sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in lean subjects, whereas blunted responses have been reported in the obese...

..A single common denominator reflecting the multiple HDL functions is yet to be found and may not exist leaving direct measurements of each HDL function as the way to assess atheroprotective capacity of HDL...

..In the combined population, formation of pre beta 1-HDL at rest was 9.9 +/- 5.2 mg/min and exercise enhanced pre beta 1-HDL formation 6.6-fold in both groups...

..The particular role of pre-beta(1)-HDL is reviewed drawing attention to the relationship between its concentration and the flux of cholesterol through the RCT system...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of weight loss on sympathetic nervous system responsiveness to glucose ingestion in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, in whom such responses are reportedly blunted...

..The present review focuses on various approaches to establish genetic determinants of the HDL concentration, structure and function...

..To examine the frequency of dyslipidaemia and treatment with lipid-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes managed in Australian primary care...

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..This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions (weight loss alone or together with exercise) on SNS function...

..Although interindividual variability was high, there was less intraindividual variability; the amounts excreted when subjects consumed the two sources of isoflavone were correlated (r = 0.69; P = 0.007)...

..Strategies using such isoflavones may be useful for preventing restenosis after vascular manipulations in humans...

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..Dyslipidaemia is a common condition managed in general practice...

..This study investigated the dose-dependent effect of rosuvastatin on VLDL apoC-III transport in men with the metabolic syndrome...

..This study was undertaken to address the vascular effects of isolated isoflavones as potential contributors to their cardioprotective properties, focusing on biochanin and formononetin...

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..Future studies with larger sample size, stratification to low and high cholesterol absorbers and cholesterol balance studies are warranted...

..Higher dose rosuvastatin may also decrease LDL apoB production. The findings provide a dose-related mechanism for the benefits of rosuvastatin on cardiovascular disease in the metabolic syndrome...

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..Rosuvastatin has been shown to increase HDL cholesterol concentration, but the mechanisms remain unclear...

..Thus, the isoflavone metabolite cis-THD inhibits PDGF-induced ERK-1 activation and cell proliferation in human VSMC, suggesting a potential beneficial effect in cardiovascular protection...

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