The fluoroquinolone antibacterials: past, present and future perspectivesP C Appelbaum
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, PA 17033, USA
Int J Antimicrob Agents 16:5-15. 2000
....
- Single- and multi-step resistance selection study of gemifloxacin compared with trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae
K Nagai
Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 48:365-74. 2001
..All quinolones tested selected for resistance; judicious use and proper dosing will be necessary to avoid resistance selection of newer broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones...
- Activity of telithromycin compared with seven other agents against 1039 Streptococcus pyogenes pediatric isolates from ten centers in central and eastern Europe
B Bozdogan
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 9:741-5. 2003
..3%) or to a mef(A)-encoded efflux pump (25.7%). One strain had alterations of both 23S rRNA (A2058G Escherichia coli numbering) and ribosomal protein L22 (G95D)...
- Susceptibility of 170 penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci to six oral cephalosporins, four quinolones, desacetylcefotaxime, Ro 23-9424 and RP 67829
S K Spangler
Department of Pathology Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
J Antimicrob Chemother 31:273-80. 1993
..125 mg/L [S], 0.25 mg/L [I], 0.5 mg/L [R]). The results indicated that several newly introduced and experimental antimicrobials have potential for the treatment of infections caused by resistant strains of S. pneumoniae...
Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to 10 oral antimicrobial agents based on pharmacodynamic parameters: 1997 U.S. Surveillance studyM R Jacobs
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:1901-8. 1999
..With the continuing rise in resistance, judicious use of oral antimicrobial agents is necessary in all age groups...
- Activities of a new fluoroketolide, HMR 3787, and its (des)-fluor derivative RU 64399 compared to those of telithromycin, erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and clindamycin against macrolide-susceptible or -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae an
K Nagai
Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:3242-5. 2001
..Telithromycin and RU 64399 were equally active against macrolide-susceptible (MICs, 0.008 to 0.06 microg/ml) and -resistant S. pyogenes isolates, but HMR 3787 had lower MICs for ermB strains...
- Microbiological and pharmacodynamic considerations in the treatment of infection due to antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
P C Appelbaum
Department of Pathology, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Clin Infect Dis 31:S29-34. 2000
..Prudent use of all antimicrobials is essential to decrease the emergence of strains resistant to these agents...
- Bacterial resistance in the new millennium. Its impact on antibiotic selection for respiratory tract infections
P C Appelbaum
Pennsylvania State University Collegeof Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Postgrad Med 108:5-16. 2000
..Clearly, reassessment of current prescribing practices is critical if antibiotic efficacy is to be preserved and the risk for selection of resistance minimized in the new millennium...
- Time-kill study of the activity of trovafloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin and piperacillin/tazobactam against six anaerobes
S K Spangler
Department of Pathology Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, PA 17033, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 39:23-7. 1997
..125-64/0.125-64; piperacillin/tazobactam, 0.06-2/0.125-8. Bacteriostatic levels were within two dilutions of broth MICs. By this time-kill method, trovafloxacin had the lowest bacteriostatic concentrations of all compounds tested...
- Evaluation of PCR primers to screen for Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and beta-lactam resistance, and to detect common macrolide resistance determinants
K Nagai
Department of Pathology Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 48:915-8. 2001
..All isolates were positive for lytA. The primers were useful for screening for Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactam resistance, and for detection of common macrolide resistance determinants...
- Activity of five quinolones, three macrolides and telithromycin against 12 Haemophilus influenzae strains with different resistance phenotypes
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 11:1040-4. 2005
..0-8.0 mg/L), except for two strains without efflux systems (0.0125-0.5 mg/L) and two with efflux systems and ribosomal protein mutations (> 64.0 mg/L), and were bactericidal against eight to ten strains tested at 2 x MIC after 24 h...
- Activity of the new quinolone WCK 771 against pneumococci
P C Appelbaum
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 11:9-14. 2005
..Overall, WCK 771 was potent both in vivo and in vitro against quinolone-susceptible, but not quinolone-resistant, S. pneumoniae, regardless of penicillin susceptibility...
- Postantibiotic effect of ceftobiprole against 12 Gram-positive organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, P O Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:3956-8. 2006
..4 to 3.1 h, 0 to 1.8 h, and 0 to 0.9 h, respectively. The PA-SMEs (0.4 times the MIC) for pneumococci, staphylococci, and enterococci were 4.8 to >10.3 h, 1.5 to 9.6 h, and 3.8 to >10.7 h, respectively...
- Affinity of ceftaroline and other beta-lactams for penicillin-binding proteins from Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
K Kosowska-Shick
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:1670-7. 2010
..aureus (IC(50), 0.01 to 1 microg/ml) with up to 256-fold-higher affinity than those of other agents. Ceftaroline demonstrated very good PBP affinity against all S. aureus and S. pneumoniae strains tested, including resistant isolates...
- Antianaerobe activity of RBX 7644 (ranbezolid), a new oxazolidinone, compared with those of eight other agents
Lois M Ednie
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1143-7. 2003
..125 and 1; clindamycin, 0.25 and 8; metronidazole, 1 and 4; gatifloxacin, 0.5 and 4; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 2, respectively. Ranbezolid had very good in vitro activity against both gram-negative and -positive anaerobes...
- Postantibiotic effect of ceftaroline against gram-positive organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:4537-9. 2009
..4 times the MIC) were 2.5 to 6.7 h, 2.9 to >0.0 h, and 7.9 to >10.3 h, respectively. The PA-SMEs were longer than the PAEs, suggesting that sub-MIC levels extend the PAE of ceftaroline against gram-positive cocci...
- Susceptibility of 1100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in 1997 from seven Latin American and Caribbean countries. Laser Study Group
M R Jacobs
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Int J Antimicrob Agents 16:17-24. 2000
..pneumoniae in Latin American and Caribbean countries, continued surveillance efforts are necessary in order to guide clinical empiric treatment and provide for judicious use of antimicrobial agents...
- Postantibiotic effect of tigecycline against 14 gram-positive organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, PA 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:782-4. 2009
..1 to 5.0, 1.9 to 2.1, 1.7 to 1.8, 1.0 to 1.7, and 0.7 to 3 h, respectively. The PA-SMEs (four times the MIC) ranged from 6.7 to >11 h for gram-positive organisms and from 2.3 to >11.3 h for gram-negative organisms...
- Activity of telithromycin and seven other agents against 1034 pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from ten central and eastern European centers
B Bozdogan
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 9:653-61. 2003
..Ribosomal methylation was the most prevalent resistance mechanism among all resistant strains, except in Sofia, where the prevalence of the efflux mechanism was higher...
- Postantibiotic effects of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 gram-positive or -negative organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1140-2. 2003
..9 to 1.6 h. The mean PA-SMEs (0.4 times the MIC) for pneumococci, staphylococci, and enterococci were 3.0 to >10 h, 1.8 to >10.7 h, and 5.8 h, respectively, while those for E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 7.6 and 4.4 h, respectively...
- Postantibiotic effects of daptomycin against 14 staphylococcal and pneumococcal clinical isolates
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3012-4. 2003
..5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and pneumococcal postantibiotic sub-MIC effects at 0.4 times the MIC ranged from 3.0 to >12.0 h and 1.9 to >12.0 h, respectively...
- Development of macrolide resistance by ribosomal protein L4 mutation in Streptococcus pyogenes during miocamycin treatment of an eight-year-old Greek child with tonsillopharyngitis
B Bozdogan
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 9:966-9. 2003
..The initial isolate was macrolide-susceptible, but the isolates after the treatment were resistant to 14 and 15-membered macrolides and had two amino acid (65WR66) deletions in ribosomal protein L4...
- Postantibiotic effect of DX-619 against 16 gram-positive organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:3963-5. 2005
..7 to 5.0 h, 0.7 to 1.8 h, and 1.2 to 6.5 h, respectively. The PA-SME ranges (0.4x MIC) for pneumococci, staphylococci, and enterococci were 5.2 to >8.6 h, 2.1 to 8.3 h, and 4.9 to >10.0 h, respectively...
- Antimicrobial selection for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the 21st century: a review of gemifloxacin
P C Appelbaum
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, P O Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Int J Antimicrob Agents 23:533-46. 2004
..The improved potency, broad spectrum of activity and proven clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety profile should make it a useful agent in the 21st century battle against community-acquired LRTIs...
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and the antimicrobial susceptibility of such isolates in children with otitis media
M L Joloba
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Clin Infect Dis 33:1489-94. 2001
....
- Postantibiotic effects of telavancin against 16 gram-positive organisms
G A Pankuch
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:1275-7. 2009
..7 to >10.7 h, >10.7 to >11.0 h, and >10 to >10.8 h, respectively. The extended PAE of telavancin, together with its long elimination half-life in humans, supports once-daily dosing for this investigational drug...
- The emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
P C Appelbaum
Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 12:16-23. 2006
..The treatment options available for these infections are now severely compromised and thus new classes of antimicrobial agents effective against MRSA, VISA and VRSA are urgently required...
- In vitro anti-anaerobic activity of the cephalosporin derivative RWJ 54428, compared to seven other compounds
D B Hoellman
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, PA 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 8:814-22. 2002
..125 mg/L and MIC90s of 1.0 mg/L). Piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin and metronidazole were active against most strains, and ceftriaxone was active mainly against beta-lactamase-negative organisms...
- Single- and multistep selection study of the antipneumococcal activity of BMS-284756 compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin and moxifloxacin
C L Clark
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 8:373-80. 2002
..Although all quinolones selected, to a greater or lesser degree, for resistant clones with mutations usually in parC or gyrA, BMS-284756 tended to select for resistant clones at a lower rate than other quinolones studied...
