tat

Summary

Gene Symbol: tat
Description: p14
Alias: Tat
Species: human immunodeficiency virus 1

Top Publications

  1. ncbi FBI-1 can stimulate HIV-1 Tat activity and is targeted to a novel subnuclear domain that includes the Tat-P-TEFb-containing nuclear speckles
    P Shannon Pendergrast
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Mol Biol Cell 13:915-29. 2002
  2. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat induces synapse loss via a reversible process that is distinct from cell death
    Hee Jung Kim
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Neurosci 28:12604-13. 2008
  3. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein up-regulates the promoter activity of the beta-chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the human astrocytoma cell line U-87 MG: role of SP-1, AP-1, and NF-kappaB consensus sites
    S P Lim
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Singapore
    J Virol 74:1632-40. 2000
  4. ncbi Cooperative interaction of C/EBP beta and Tat modulates MCP-1 gene transcription in astrocytes
    Selvajothi Abraham
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015 96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    J Neuroimmunol 160:219-27. 2005
  5. ncbi Genetic and functional heterogeneity of CNS-derived tat alleles from patients with HIV-associated dementia
    Daniel Cowley
    Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004 Victoria, Australia
    J Neurovirol 17:70-81. 2011
  6. ncbi HIV-1 Tat assembles a multifunctional transcription elongation complex and stably associates with the 7SK snRNP
    Bijan Sobhian
    Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Genetique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
    Mol Cell 38:439-51. 2010
  7. ncbi Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120
    M O Westendorp
    Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg
    Nature 375:497-500. 1995
  8. ncbi Regulation of MCP-1 gene transcription by Smads and HIV-1 Tat in human glial cells
    Selvajothi Abraham
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015 96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Virology 309:196-202. 2003
  9. ncbi Acute exposure to ethanol potentiates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-induced Ca(2+) overload and neuronal death in cultured rat cortical neurons
    Eugen Brailoiu
    Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
    J Neurovirol 12:17-24. 2006
  10. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protein upregulates inflammatory mediators and induces monocyte invasion into the brain
    Hong Pu
    Department of Surgery Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
    Mol Cell Neurosci 24:224-37. 2003

Research Grants

  1. Role of p38 MAPK in IL-4-induced IL-6 expression in vascular endothelium
    Yongwoo Lee; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. Alcohol Enhances HIV-1 Induced Cardiac Depression
    Kathleen McDonough; Fiscal Year: 2006
  3. Role of P-gp in perivascular HIV-1 sanctuary and HAART
    Debasis Mondal; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Mechanisms involved in HIV-1 Tat mediated neuronal damage
    Francesca Peruzzi; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. CENTER FOR AIDS RESEARCH (CFAR)
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Mechanisms of in vivo protection from HIV infection
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. iNOS Posttranslational Regulation in Cardiac Rejection
    GALEN PIEPER; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. Molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction in AIDS
    Francesca Peruzzi; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. MMPs in neural networking
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2006
  10. MMPs and Synaptic Injury with HIV/METH
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2007

Detail Information

Publications110 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi FBI-1 can stimulate HIV-1 Tat activity and is targeted to a novel subnuclear domain that includes the Tat-P-TEFb-containing nuclear speckles
    P Shannon Pendergrast
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Mol Biol Cell 13:915-29. 2002
    ..POZ-domain-containing protein that binds to the HIV-1 LTR and associates with the HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat. Here we show that elevated levels of FBI-1 specifically stimulate Tat activity and that this effect is dependent ..
  2. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat induces synapse loss via a reversible process that is distinct from cell death
    Hee Jung Kim
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Neurosci 28:12604-13. 2008
    ..Here, we investigated the effects of HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat), a protein released by virus-infected cells, on synapses between hippocampal neurons using an imaging-based assay ..
  3. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein up-regulates the promoter activity of the beta-chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the human astrocytoma cell line U-87 MG: role of SP-1, AP-1, and NF-kappaB consensus sites
    S P Lim
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Singapore
    J Virol 74:1632-40. 2000
    It has been shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein can specifically enhance expression and release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) from human astrocytes...
  4. ncbi Cooperative interaction of C/EBP beta and Tat modulates MCP-1 gene transcription in astrocytes
    Selvajothi Abraham
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015 96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    J Neuroimmunol 160:219-27. 2005
    ..Earlier studies showed that HIV-1 Tat protein is able to induce transcription of the MCP-1 promoter in astrocytic cells...
  5. ncbi Genetic and functional heterogeneity of CNS-derived tat alleles from patients with HIV-associated dementia
    Daniel Cowley
    Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004 Victoria, Australia
    J Neurovirol 17:70-81. 2011
    ..b>Tat-encoding mRNA has been detected in the CNS of HIV-1 infected individuals and its neurotoxic effects in the CNS are ..
  6. ncbi HIV-1 Tat assembles a multifunctional transcription elongation complex and stably associates with the 7SK snRNP
    Bijan Sobhian
    Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Genetique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
    Mol Cell 38:439-51. 2010
    HIV-1 transactivator Tat has greatly contributed to our understanding of transcription elongation by RNAPII. We purified HIV-1 Tat-associated factors from HeLa nuclear extract and show that Tat forms two distinct and stable complexes...
  7. ncbi Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120
    M O Westendorp
    Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg
    Nature 375:497-500. 1995
    ..T-cell apoptosis might be affected by viral proteins such as HIV-1 Tat and gp120 (refs 10, 11)...
  8. ncbi Regulation of MCP-1 gene transcription by Smads and HIV-1 Tat in human glial cells
    Selvajothi Abraham
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015 96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Virology 309:196-202. 2003
    ..The enhancement of these cellular proteins in astrocytic cells is mediated, at least in part, by HIV-1 Tat protein...
  9. ncbi Acute exposure to ethanol potentiates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-induced Ca(2+) overload and neuronal death in cultured rat cortical neurons
    Eugen Brailoiu
    Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
    J Neurovirol 12:17-24. 2006
    ..Either alcohol or HIV alone induces morphological and functional damage to the nervous system. HIV-1 Tat is a potent transcriptional activator of the viral promoter, with the ability to modulate a number of cellular ..
  10. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protein upregulates inflammatory mediators and induces monocyte invasion into the brain
    Hong Pu
    Department of Surgery Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
    Mol Cell Neurosci 24:224-37. 2003
    ..Evidence indicates that a viral gene product, the protein Tat, can markedly contribute to these effects...
  11. ncbi Dephosphorylation of CDK9 by protein phosphatase 2A and protein phosphatase-1 in Tat-activated HIV-1 transcription
    Tatyana Ammosova
    Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, 2121 Georgia Ave, N W Washington, DC 20059, USA
    Retrovirology 2:47. 2005
    HIV-1 Tat protein recruits human positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, consisting of CDK9 and cyclin T1, to HIV-1 transactivation response (TAR) RNA...
  12. ncbi Cell cycle-dependent stimulation of the HIV-1 promoter by Tat-associated CAK activator
    S Nekhai
    Department of Biochemistry, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
    Virology 266:246-56. 2000
    Activation of the HIV-1 promoter by the virally encoded Tat protein is characterized by efficient processive transcription, mediated by host cell factors that are tethered to the promoter with the Tat-TAR RNA complex...
  13. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protein Tat induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated neurotoxicity
    Lara Buscemi
    Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 26:661-70. 2007
    ..The HIV-1 protein Tat has been shown to be directly and indirectly neurotoxic...
  14. ncbi HIV-1 Tat and host AFF4 recruit two transcription elongation factors into a bifunctional complex for coordinated activation of HIV-1 transcription
    Nanhai He
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Mol Cell 38:428-38. 2010
    Recruitment of the P-TEFb kinase by HIV-1 Tat to the viral promoter triggers the phosphorylation and escape of RNA polymerase II from promoter-proximal pausing...
  15. ncbi HIV-1 Tat activates neuronal ryanodine receptors with rapid induction of the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial hyperpolarization
    John P Norman
    Center for Neural Development and Disease, The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
    PLoS ONE 3:e3731. 2008
    ..We have previously reported that HIV-1 Tat can induce mitochondrial hyperpolarization in cortical neurons, thus compromising the ability of the neuron to ..
  16. ncbi HIV-1 Tat induces neuronal death via tumor necrosis factor-alpha and activation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by a NFkappaB-independent mechanism
    D R New
    Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
    J Biol Chem 273:17852-8. 1998
    ..and release of diffusible factors that result in neuronal cell death, including the HIV-1 regulatory protein Tat. We demonstrate in this report that recombinant Tat1-86 and Tat peptides containing the basic region induce ..
  17. ncbi Cooperative interaction between HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Vpr modulates transcription of the viral genome
    B E Sawaya
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
    J Biol Chem 275:35209-14. 2000
    ..We show that by structural and functional interaction with Tat, a potent viral regulatory protein, Vpr synergistically enhances the transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 LTR...
  18. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protein exits from cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and binds to extracellular matrix-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans through its basic region
    H C Chang
    Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    AIDS 11:1421-31. 1997
    To analyze the mechanisms of release and the extracellular fate of the HIV-1 Tat protein and to determine the Tat domain binding to the extracellular matrix.
  19. ncbi HIV-1 Tat interaction with RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) and a dynamic association with CDK2 induce CTD phosphorylation and transcription from HIV-1 promoter
    Longwen Deng
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D C 20037, USA
    J Biol Chem 277:33922-9. 2002
    Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), Tat protein activates viral gene expression through promoting transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)...
  20. ncbi HIV-Tat protein induces oxidative and inflammatory pathways in brain endothelium
    Michal Toborek
    Department of Surgery, Animal Sciences and Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
    J Neurochem 84:169-79. 2003
    ..Mechanisms of injury to BMEC during HIV-1 infection are not fully understood, but the viral gene product Tat may be, at least in part, responsible for this effect...
  21. ncbi HIV-tat induces formation of an LRP-PSD-95- NMDAR-nNOS complex that promotes apoptosis in neurons and astrocytes
    Eliseo A Eugenin
    Department of Pathology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:3438-43. 2007
    ..Here we show that the HIV-encoded protein tat triggers formation of a macromolecular complex involving the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP),..
  22. ncbi Extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with an increase in both NF-kappa B binding and protein kinase C activity in primary human astrocytes
    K Conant
    Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    J Virol 70:1384-9. 1996
    ..Using cultures of primary human fetal astrocytes, we show that exogenous HIV-1 Tat protein, which has been demonstrated to be released from infected cells, is associated with an increase in the ..
  23. ncbi Nuclear targeting of protein phosphatase-1 by HIV-1 Tat protein
    Tatyana Ammosova
    Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
    J Biol Chem 280:36364-71. 2005
    Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 genes is activated by HIV-1 Tat protein, which induces phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase-II by CDK9/cyclin T1...
  24. ncbi Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type I tat results in down-regulation of bcl-2 and induction of apoptosis in hematopoietic cells
    K J Sastry
    Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop 78602, USA
    Oncogene 13:487-93. 1996
    ..Since in the past we and others have demonstrated the capacity of the Tat protein of HIV-1 to modulate the expression of various cellular genes and that Tat secreted by HIV-infected cells ..
  25. ncbi Inhibition of PP2A by LIS1 increases HIV-1 gene expression
    Nicolas Epie
    Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street N W, Washington, DC 20059, USA
    Retrovirology 3:65. 2006
    ..Previously we showed that LIS1 interacts with HIV-1 Tat protein and that this interaction was mediated by WD40 domains of LIS1...
  26. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein transactivator of transcription up-regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by acting at metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 receptors coexisting on human and rat brain noradrenergic neurones
    Fabio Longordo
    Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317:1097-105. 2006
    We investigated the effects of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) on the release of norepinephrine (NE) from human and rat brain synaptosomes. Tat could not evoke directly release of [3H]NE...
  27. ncbi Activation of Bcl-2 promoter-directed gene expression by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein
    Z Wang
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
    Virology 257:502-10. 1999
    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat transcriptionally activates expression from a number of viral and cellular promoters...
  28. ncbi HIV-1 Tat through phosphorylation of NMDA receptors potentiates glutamate excitotoxicity
    N J Haughey
    Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    J Neurochem 78:457-67. 2001
    ..One such HIV-1 protein, Tat, can activate calcium release from IP3-sensitive intracellular pools, induce calcium influx in neural cells, and, ..
  29. ncbi HIV-1 Tat induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated monocyte transmigration across a model of the human blood-brain barrier and up-regulates CCR5 expression on human monocytes
    J M Weiss
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    J Immunol 163:2953-9. 1999
    ..models several aspects of the human blood-brain barrier, we examined the mechanism whereby the HIV-derived factor Tat may facilitate monocyte transmigration...
  30. ncbi A novel RNA polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription
    C A Parada
    Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
    EMBO J 18:3688-701. 1999
    The HIV-1-encoded Tat protein controls transcription elongation by increasing processivity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Here, we have identified a Tat stimulatory activity (Tat-SF) as a novel RNA Pol II-containing complex...
  31. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protein stimulates in vivo vascular permeability and lymphomononuclear cell recruitment
    M Arese
    Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Candiolo Italy
    J Immunol 166:1380-8. 2001
    HIV-1 Tat protein released by infected cells is a chemotactic molecule for leukocytes and induces a proinflammatory program in endothelial cells (EC) by activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors expressed on both ..
  32. ncbi HIV-1 Tat causes apoptotic death and calcium homeostasis alterations in rat neurons
    R Bonavia
    Pharmacology and Neuroscience, National Cancer Research Institute, c o Advanced Biotechnology Center, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:301-8. 2001
    We investigated the role of the HIV-1 protein Tat in AIDS-associated dementia, by studying its toxicity on rat cortical and hippocampal neurons in vitro...
  33. ncbi HIV-TAT protein upregulates expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 in the blood-brain barrier
    Kentaro Hayashi
    Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
    J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:1052-65. 2006
    ..the potential mechanisms of this process, the aim of the present research was to address the hypothesis that HIV Tat protein can contribute to upregulation of MRP expression at the BBB level...
  34. ncbi The HLA class II transcriptional activator blocks the function of HIV-1 Tat and inhibits viral replication
    Roberto S Accolla
    Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
    Eur J Immunol 32:2783-91. 2002
    ..Here we show that CIITA inhibits HIV-1 LTR transactivation mediated by Tat. The inhibition occurred when CIITA and Tat were transiently expressed in cells after transfection and, most ..
  35. ncbi Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein
    J Kamine
    Institute for Molecular Virology, St Louis University Medical Center, MO 63110
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:8510-4. 1991
    The Tat protein coded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a strong activator of viral gene expression from the long terminal repeat (LTR)...
  36. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein upregulates Bcl-2 gene expression in Jurkat T-cell lines and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    G Zauli
    Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, Italy
    Blood 86:3823-34. 1995
    The regulatory Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) exerts a pleyotropic activity on the survival and proliferation of different cell types in culture...
  37. ncbi Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein sequentially up-regulates IL-6 and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in peripheral blood monocytes
    D Gibellini
    Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy
    Br J Haematol 88:261-7. 1994
    In this study we evaluated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant Tat protein on mRNA expression and protein synthesis of two inflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta ..
  38. ncbi Mechanisms of HIV-tat-induced phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A in human primary neurons: implications for neuroAIDS pathogenesis
    Jessie E King
    Department of Pathology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    Am J Pathol 176:2819-30. 2010
    ..through elaboration of inflammatory factors and neurotoxic viral proteins, including the viral transactivator, tat. We previously demonstrated that HIV-tat-induced apoptosis in human primary neurons is dependent on N-methyl-D-..
  39. ncbi p73 Interacts with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat in astrocytic cells and prevents its acetylation on lysine 28
    Shohreh Amini
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Mol Cell Biol 25:8126-38. 2005
    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is a potent transcriptional activator of the HIV-1 promoter and also has the ability to modulate a number of cellular regulatory circuits including apoptosis...
  40. ncbi Differences in NMDA receptor expression during human development determine the response of neurons to HIV-tat-mediated neurotoxicity
    E A Eugenin
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 727, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    Neurotox Res 19:138-48. 2011
    ..elaboration of inflammatory factors and neurotoxic viral proteins, including the viral transactivating protein tat. We and others demonstrated that tat induces apoptosis in differentiated mature human neurons...
  41. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein directly activates neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors at an allosteric zinc-sensitive site
    L Song
    Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    J Neurovirol 9:399-403. 2003
    The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein Tat is neurotoxic and may be involved in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia, in part via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation...
  42. ncbi A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNA
    P Wei
    Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037 1099, USA
    Cell 92:451-62. 1998
    The HIV-1 Tat protein regulates transcription elongation through binding to the viral TAR RNA stem-loop structure...
  43. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription factor Tat produces elevations in intracellular Ca2+ that require function of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor polyamine-sensitive site
    Rachel L Self
    Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 115 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 0044, USA
    Brain Res 995:39-45. 2004
    ..Function of the HIV-1 transcription factor Tat, activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors, and subsequent rapid rises in free ..
  44. ncbi Crystal structure of HIV-1 Tat complexed with human P-TEFb
    Tahir H Tahirov
    Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 7696, USA
    Nature 465:747-51. 2010
    ..The viral protein Tat hijacks the host cell's RNA polymerase II elongation control machinery through interaction with the positive ..
  45. ncbi Recruitment of human cyclin T1 to nuclear bodies through direct interaction with the PML protein
    Alessandro Marcello
    Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ICGEB, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
    EMBO J 22:2156-66. 2003
    ..b (P-TEFb), is an essential cellular cofactor that is recruited by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat transactivator to promote transcriptional elongation from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)...
  46. ncbi HIV-1 Tat targets microtubules to induce apoptosis, a process promoted by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 relative Bim
    Dan Chen
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 3206, USA
    EMBO J 21:6801-10. 2002
    ..This is mediated in part through the HIV-1 Tat protein, which is secreted by the infected cells and taken up by uninfected cells...
  47. ncbi HIV-1 protein Tat induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving caspase activation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress
    I I Kruman
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
    Exp Neurol 154:276-88. 1998
    ..The protein Tat, which is released from HIV-1-infected cells, was recently shown to be toxic toward cultured neurons...
  48. ncbi Decoding Tat: the biology of HIV Tat posttranslational modifications
    Claudia Hetzer
    Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Microbes Infect 7:1364-9. 2005
    The Tat protein is a viral transactivator that activates HIV transcription through complex interactions with RNA and host cell factors...
  49. ncbi Synergistic increases in intracellular Ca2+, and the release of MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6 by astrocytes treated with opiates and HIV-1 Tat
    Nazira El-Hage
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 0298, USA
    Glia 50:91-106. 2005
    ..In the present study, we describe the effect of morphine and the HIV-1 protein toxin Tat(1-72) on astroglial function in cultures derived from ICR mice...
  50. ncbi Nuclear protein phosphatase-1 regulates HIV-1 transcription
    Tatyana Ammosova
    Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, Washington, D C 20059, USA
    J Biol Chem 278:32189-94. 2003
    ..Here we provide evidence that PP1 is also required for Tat-induced HIV-1 transcription and for viral replication in cultured cells...
  51. ncbi HIV-1 Tat inhibits NGF-induced Egr-1 transcriptional activity and consequent p35 expression in neural cells
    Nune Darbinian
    Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    J Cell Physiol 216:128-34. 2008
    ..One of the key viral regulatory proteins, Tat, which is released by infected cells, can be taken up by various uninfected cells including neurons and by ..
  52. ncbi Biochemical and functional interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat transactivator with the general transcription factor TFIIB
    P Veschambre
    Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR49, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France
    J Gen Virol 78:2235-45. 1997
    b>Tat strongly stimulates transcription of the human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) provirus by interacting with various cellular transcription factors, including TFIID...
  53. ncbi CA150, a nuclear protein associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, is involved in Tat-activated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription
    C Suñé
    Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Mol Cell Biol 17:6029-39. 1997
    ..HIV-1) gene expression requires specific cellular factors in addition to the virus-encoded trans-activator protein Tat and the RNA element TAR...
  54. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat induces apoptosis and increases sensitivity to apoptotic signals by up-regulating FLICE/caspase-8
    S R Bartz
    Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Basic Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
    J Virol 73:1956-63. 1999
    ..The ability to induce apoptosis was attributable to Tat, a viral regulatory protein...
  55. ncbi Three functional classes of transcriptional activation domain
    J Blau
    Molecular Genetics of Differentiation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
    Mol Cell Biol 16:2044-55. 1996
    ..classes of activation domains: Sp1 and CTF stimulated initiation (type I); human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat fused to a DNA binding domain stimulated predominantly elongation (type IIA); and VP16, p53, and E2F1 stimulated ..
  56. ncbi Host-cell positive transcription elongation factor b kinase activity is essential and limiting for HIV type 1 replication
    O Flores
    Department of Biology, Tularik, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7208-13. 1999
    HIV-1 gene expression and viral replication require the viral transactivator protein Tat. The RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation factor P-TEFb (cyclin-dependent kinase 9/cyclin T) is a cellular protein kinase that has recently ..
  57. ncbi Recruitment of cyclin T1/P-TEFb to an HIV type 1 long terminal repeat promoter proximal RNA target is both necessary and sufficient for full activation of transcription
    P D Bieniasz
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Box 3025, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7791-6. 1999
    Transcriptional activation of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the viral Tat protein is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle...
  58. ncbi Protein B23 is an important human factor for the nucleolar localization of the human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat
    Y P Li
    Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    J Virol 71:4098-102. 1997
    Nucleolar shuttle protein B23 was found to bind to human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat, and this binding required the nucleolar localization motif of Tat...
  59. ncbi Arginine methylation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein by PRMT6 negatively affects Tat Interactions with both cyclin T1 and the Tat transactivation region
    Baode Xie
    McGill University AIDS Centre, Department of Medicine, Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute, St Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine Rd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
    J Virol 81:4226-34. 2007
    ..protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) in viral gene expression is largely unknown, we recently showed that the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a substrate for one such enzyme, termed PRMT6...
  60. ncbi Evidence for functional interaction between the HIV-1 Tat transactivator and the TATA box binding protein in vivo
    P Veschambre
    Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, UMR49 CNRS, France
    J Mol Biol 250:169-80. 1995
    b>Tat strongly activates transcription of the HIV-1 provirus by stimulating both initiation and elongation...
  61. ncbi Direct evidence that HIV-1 Tat stimulates RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain hyperphosphorylation during transcriptional elongation
    C Isel
    Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK
    J Mol Biol 290:929-41. 1999
    The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein regulates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase processivity...
  62. ncbi Relief of two built-In autoinhibitory mechanisms in P-TEFb is required for assembly of a multicomponent transcription elongation complex at the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter
    Y W Fong
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 3206, USA
    Mol Cell Biol 20:5897-907. 2000
    b>Tat stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription requires Tat-dependent recruitment of human positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the HIV-1 promoter and the formation on the trans-acting ..
  63. ncbi HIV-1 Tat promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion followed by transmigration of monocytes
    I W Park
    Division of Experimental Medicine and Hematology Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Blood 97:352-8. 2001
    ..This phenomenon was addressed by studying the effects of HIV-1 Tat, a protein secreted by infected cells, on human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls)...
  64. ncbi SMAD proteins of oligodendroglial cells regulate transcription of JC virus early and late genes coordinately with the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    Michelle R Stettner
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
    J Gen Virol 90:2005-14. 2009
    ..The Tat protein of HIV-1 has been implicated in activation of the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in HIV-1-..
  65. ncbi Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat protein: involvement of D1 dopamine receptor
    Janelle M Silvers
    Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
    Neurotoxicology 28:1184-90. 2007
    ..Growing evidence indicates that HIV-1 neurotoxic proteins, such as Tat may affect the function of the dopamine transmission system...
  66. ncbi alpha(v)beta3-integrin-dependent activation of focal adhesion kinase mediates NF-kappaB activation and motogenic activity by HIV-1 Tat in endothelial cells
    Chiara Urbinati
    General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europe 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
    J Cell Sci 118:3949-58. 2005
    Once in the extracellular environment, the transactivator protein HIV-1 Tat exerts several pleiotropic effects by interacting with different cellular receptors, including integrin alpha(v)beta3...
  67. ncbi Inhibition of platelet activation by peptide analogs of the beta(3)-intracellular domain of platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) conjugated to the cell-penetrating peptide Tat(48-60)
    Andromaxi A Dimitriou
    Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
    Platelets 20:539-47. 2009
    ..We synthesized two peptides corresponding to the above sequences as well as their conjugates with the Tat(48-60) cell-penetrating peptide...
  68. ncbi Enhanced transduction of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase with HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domains at both termini
    Won Sik Eum
    Department of Genetic Engineering and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200 702, Korea
    Mol Cells 19:191-7. 2005
    The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein transduction domain (PTD) is responsible for highly efficient protein transduction across plasma membranes...
  69. ncbi The HIV-1 Tat protein selectively enhances CXCR4 and inhibits CCR5 expression in megakaryocytic K562 cells
    Debasis Mondal
    Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230:631-44. 2005
    ..The HIV-1 transactivator (Tat) protein has been shown to alter co-receptor expression in T lymphocytes and macrophages...
  70. ncbi HIV Tat potentiates cell toxicity in a T cell model for sulphamethoxazole-induced adverse drug reactions
    Kemi Adeyanju
    BioTherapeutics Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, Canada
    Virus Genes 38:372-82. 2009
    ..The HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) together with the drug metabolite sulphamethaxazole-hydroxylamine (SMX-HA) have both been reported to be factors ..
  71. ncbi Induction of the HIV-1 Tat co-factor cyclin T1 during monocyte differentiation is required for the regulated expression of a large portion of cellular mRNAs
    Wendong Yu
    Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Retrovirology 3:32. 2006
    ..The cyclin T1/P-TEFb complex is targeted by HIV to mediate Tat transactivation...
  72. ncbi HIV-1 Tat activates dual Nox pathways leading to independent activation of ERK and JNK MAP kinases
    Ru Feng Wu
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
    J Biol Chem 282:37412-9. 2007
    Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 Tat is known to exert pleiotropic effects on the vascular endothelium through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, although the signaling pathways leading to MAP kinase activation are incompletely ..
  73. ncbi Pleiotropic effects of immobilized versus soluble recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein on CD3-mediated activation, induction of apoptosis, and HIV-1 long terminal repeat transactivation in purified CD4+ T lymphocytes
    G Zauli
    Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, Italy
    J Immunol 157:2216-24. 1996
    CD3 mAb and HIV-1 Tat protein co-immobilized on plastic were able to induce a strong proliferation of resting human CD4 T cells, cultured in a serum-free chemically defined medium...
  74. ncbi HIV-1 TAT represses transcription of the bone morphogenic protein receptor-2 in U937 monocytic cells
    Robert L Caldwell
    Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
    J Leukoc Biol 79:192-201. 2006
    ..HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat), an immediate-early product of the HIV-1 lifecycle, plays an important role in mediating HIV-induced modulation of ..
  75. ncbi HIV-1 Tat regulates endothelial cell cycle progression via activation of the Ras/ERK MAPK signaling pathway
    Elena Toschi
    AIDS National Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, 00161 Rome, Italy
    Mol Biol Cell 17:1985-94. 2006
    b>Tat, the transactivator of HIV-1 gene expression, is released by acutely HIV-1-infected T-cells and promotes adhesion, migration, and growth of inflammatory cytokine-activated endothelial and Kaposi's sarcoma cells...
  76. ncbi Interleukin-10 inhibits HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression in human macrophages through the induction of cyclin T1 proteolysis
    Yan Wang
    Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Virology 352:485-92. 2006
    ..occurs at multiple levels including transcription of the proviral genome, which depends on virally encoded Tat protein...
  77. ncbi Proteomic analysis of oxidatively modified proteins induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid in human astrocytes expressing the HIV protein tat
    Chava B Pocernich
    Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 133:299-306. 2005
    The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Tat protein has been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. However, its role in modulating astroglial function is poorly understood...
  78. ncbi Exogenous tat protein activates central nervous system-derived endothelial cells
    F M Hofman
    Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
    J Neuroimmunol 54:19-28. 1994
    b>Tat protein, an HIV gene product known to be secreted extracellularly, was tested to determine its role in the dissemination of HIV into the central nervous system (CNS)...
  79. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protein is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in vitro
    M Kameoka
    Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Kashihara, 634 8521, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261:90-4. 1999
    Purified recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein stimulated acceptor-dependent reaction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner...
  80. ncbi Cutting edge: a short polypeptide domain of HIV-1-Tat protein mediates pathogenesis
    R A Boykins
    Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 163:15-20. 1999
    HIV-1 encodes the transactivating protein Tat, which is essential for virus replication and progression of HIV disease. However, Tat has multiple domains, and consequently the molecular mechanisms by which it acts remain unclear...
  81. ncbi Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity by the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
    X Yang
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Virol 73:3460-6. 1999
    ..The HIV-1 Rev, Tat, p17(Gag), and Nef proteins were directly phosphorylated by MAPK in vitro, suggesting that other HIV-1 proteins are ..
  82. ncbi FBI-1, a factor that binds to the HIV-1 inducer of short transcripts (IST), is a POZ domain protein
    D J Morrison
    Undergraduate Program, Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 27:1251-62. 1999
    ..transcriptional start site, while the synthesis of full-length transcripts is activated by the viral activator Tat. Tat binds to the RNA element TAR, which is encoded largely between the two IST half-elements...
  83. ncbi The human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein increases cell proliferation, alters sensitivity to zinc chelator-induced apoptosis, and changes Sp1 DNA binding in HeLa cells
    M Seve
    Laboratoire de Biologie du Stress Oxydant LBSO, University of Grenoble, La Tronche, 38700, France
    Arch Biochem Biophys 361:165-72. 1999
    The HIV-1 transcriptional regulatory protein Tat is a pleiotropic factor that represses expression of the human Mn-superoxide dismutase. Tat increases oxidative stress, as shown by decreased glutathione and NADPH levels...
  84. ncbi Activation of expression of genes coding for extracellular matrix proteins in Tat-producing glioblastoma cells
    J P Taylor
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:9617-21. 1992
    The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been increasingly implicated in directly contributing to the disease AIDS by altering the expression of strategic cellular genes...
  85. ncbi Activation of monocytes by HIV-Tat treatment is mediated by cytokine expression
    R M Lafrenie
    Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 159:4077-83. 1997
    Treatment of primary monocytes with soluble HIV-Tat protein is associated with increased monocyte metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and enhanced beta 2 integrin expression that increases monocyte/endothelial adhesion...
  86. ncbi Tat-human immunodeficiency virus-1 induces human monocyte chemotaxis by activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
    S Mitola
    Department of Genetics, Biology and Medical Chemistry, Torino, Italy
    Blood 90:1365-72. 1997
    Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein can be released by infected cells and activates mesenchymal cells. Among these, monocytes respond to Tat by migrating into tissues and releasing inflammatory mediators...
  87. ncbi Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription
    L F García-Martínez
    Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235 8594, USA
    EMBO J 16:2836-50. 1997
    The Tat protein is a transcriptional activator which is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gene expression Tat stimulates HIV-1 transcriptional elongation by increasing the processivity of RNA polymerase II...
  88. ncbi The octamer-binding proteins Oct-1 and Oct-2 repress the HIV long terminal repeat promoter and its transactivation by Tat
    Y Z Liu
    Department of Molecular Pathology, University College London Medical School, U K
    Biochem J 322:155-8. 1997
    ..four potential binding sites for the octamer-binding protein, Oct-1, which is known to interact with the HIV-1 Tat protein, the effect of the Oct-1 factor on HIV LTR-driven gene expression has not previously been reported...
  89. ncbi Extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in PC12 neuronal cells
    D Milani
    Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
    J Biol Chem 271:22961-4. 1996
    We have here investigated the effect of the regulatory Tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on the PI 3-kinase catalytic activity in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells...
  90. ncbi Synergy between basic fibroblast growth factor and HIV-1 Tat protein in induction of Kaposi's sarcoma
    B Ensoli
    Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
    Nature 371:674-80. 1994
    Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein synergize in inducing angiogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions in mice...
  91. ncbi Constitutive expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat gene inhibits interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor expression in a human CD4+ T lymphoid (H9) cell line
    R K Puri
    Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:31-40. 1995
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) tat, a trans-activator of the HIV long terminal repeat, is essential for HIV replication and causes inhibition of antigen-mediated T cell proliferation...
  92. ncbi Exogenous tat protein activates human endothelial cells
    F M Hofman
    Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
    Blood 82:2774-80. 1993
    b>tat protein, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene product that functions as a transactivator for HIV replication, is known to be secreted extracellularly by infected cells...
  93. ncbi Puralpha: a multifunctional single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein
    G L Gallia
    Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015 96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 28:3197-205. 2000
    ..of proteins, including YB-1 and MSY1, as well as viral proteins such as polyomavirus large T-antigen and HIV-1 Tat. The ability of Puralpha to interact with its target DNA sequence and to associate with several viral and cellular ..
  94. ncbi HIV-1 Tat protects CD4+ Jurkat T lymphoblastoid cells from apoptosis mediated by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
    D Gibellini
    Microbiology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
    Cell Immunol 207:89-99. 2001
    ..transfected with plasmids expressing the wild-type or mutated (Cys22) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat gene...
  95. ncbi [The fusion construction of HIV-1 Tat gene and efficient expression in E.coli]
    Jian Ping Lin
    Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
    Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 21:33-6. 2005
    To express high-level the Tat protein in E.coli.
  96. ncbi [Effect of HIV Tat protein on CCR5 expression in monocytes and infection with monocyte-tropic HIV strains]
    Yi da Yang
    Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
    Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 33:532-4, 545. 2004
    To study the effects of HIV Tat protein on CCR5 expression of monocytes and HIV infection in monocytes.
  97. ncbi Adenosine receptors control HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses through protein phosphatase
    J Fotheringham
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
    Virology 327:186-95. 2004
    ..The HIV-1 protein Tat induces cell death in the CNS and activates local inflammatory responses partially by inducing calcium release from ..
  98. ncbi Induction of C chemokine XCL1 (lymphotactin/single C motif-1 alpha/activation-induced, T cell-derived and chemokine-related cytokine) expression by HIV-1 Tat protein
    Byung oh Kim
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
    J Immunol 172:1888-95. 2004
    HIV-1 Tat has been proposed as a key agent in many AIDS-related disorders, including HIV-1-associated neurological diseases...
  99. ncbi [HIV-1 Tat induces TNF-alpha production by human monocytes: involvement of calcium and PKC pathways]
    Xavier Contreras
    Laboratoire d Immuno Virologie, EA3038, Université Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
    J Soc Biol 197:267-75. 2003
    In this study we investigated the signaling pathways triggered by Tat in human monocyte to induce TNF-alpha. In monocytes, calcium, PKA, and PKC pathways are highly implicated in the expression of cytokine genes...
  100. ncbi Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein activates the transcriptional repressor inducible cAMP early repressor in both the Jurkat cell line and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    D Gibellini
    AIDS 14:1059-61. 2000
  101. ncbi Native HIV-1 Tat protein targets monocyte-derived dendritic cells and enhances their maturation, function, and antigen-specific T cell responses
    Emanuele Fanales-Belasio
    Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
    J Immunol 168:197-206. 2002
    Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with the biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein induces specific Th1 responses, including CTLs...

Research Grants59

  1. Role of p38 MAPK in IL-4-induced IL-6 expression in vascular endothelium
    Yongwoo Lee; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..More importantly, it will help develop new therapeutic approaches to translate these basic laboratory discoveries into clinically effective treatments for over 50 million Americans at cardiovascular risk. ..
  2. Alcohol Enhances HIV-1 Induced Cardiac Depression
    Kathleen McDonough; Fiscal Year: 2006
    The expression of the HIV protein, Tat, has global effects on cell function including alterations in cytokine expression, transcription factors, and oxidative state of the cells...
  3. Role of P-gp in perivascular HIV-1 sanctuary and HAART
    Debasis Mondal; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..preliminary data show that human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) express functional P-gp and exposure to the HIV-1 Tat protein or TNF-alpha further enhanced cell surface levels of P-gp...
  4. Mechanisms involved in HIV-1 Tat mediated neuronal damage
    Francesca Peruzzi; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Among the factors that have been shown to promote neuronal toxicity, the viral regulatory protein Tat has captured special attention...
  5. CENTER FOR AIDS RESEARCH (CFAR)
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  6. Mechanisms of in vivo protection from HIV infection
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  7. iNOS Posttranslational Regulation in Cardiac Rejection
    GALEN PIEPER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..A better understanding of this molecular process may lead to better strategies to prevent injury cardiac cells in these patients. ..
  8. Molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction in AIDS
    Francesca Peruzzi; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In addition to cellular factors, the viral regulatory protein Tat has received attention due to its unique ability to be secreted by the infected cells, enter into uninfected cells ..
  9. MMPs in neural networking
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..We will also test the hypothesis that such effects are dependent on neuronal integrins. The results of our studies should improve our understanding of those CNS inflammatory diseases that are characterized by elevated levels of MMPs. ..
  10. MMPs and Synaptic Injury with HIV/METH
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In parallel studies, METH treated mice that over express HIV-1 Tat or gp120 will be treated with a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor, or vehicle control, and CNS tissues will be similarly ..
  11. Structural Basis for Synergistic Gene Expression by Runx1 and Ets1 Proteins
    Tahir Tahirov; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Success with the proposed structural studies ultimately will lead to the discovery of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of leukemia and other cancers. ..
  12. Structural Basis for Synergistic Gene Expression by Runx1 and Ets1 Proteins
    Tahir H Tahirov; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Success with the proposed structural studies ultimately will lead to the discovery of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of leukemia and other cancers. ..
  13. Mechanisms involved in HIV-1 Tat mediated neuronal damage
    Francesca Peruzzi; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Among the factors that have been shown to promote neuronal toxicity, the viral regulatory protein Tat has captured special attention...
  14. Mechanisms of in vivo protection from HIV infection
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  15. iNOS Posttranslational Regulation in Cardiac Rejection
    GALEN PIEPER; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..A better understanding of this molecular process may lead to better strategies to prevent injury cardiac cells in these patients. ..
  16. Thrombin signaling and HIV dementia
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..abstract_text> ..
  17. HIV 1 PROTEINS AND DRUGS OF ABUSE AND METALLOPROTEASES
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..We will also examine the mechanisms by which these substances may affect MMP production, and identify clinically tolerable compounds which may inhibit such production. ..
  18. Transgenic/SCID-hu Mouse Model to Study HIV Therapeutics
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..We will also examine the efficacy of Env-directed toxin-treatment to eliminate reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells using our well-established thy/liv- SCID-hu mouse system. ..
  19. Function and localization of HIV cofactor TAK/P-TEFb
    CHRISTINE HERRMANN; Fiscal Year: 2005
    A critical step in the HIV life cycle is transcription of the HIV genome directed by the transactivator protein Tat. Transactivation by Tat requires the cellular cofactor, TAWP-TEFb, which is composed of the catalytic subunit Cdk9 and ..
  20. MOLECULAR TARGETS OF NITRIC OXIDE IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANTS
    GALEN PIEPER; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..These studies will provide a novel mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of dyskinesis and graft failure during cardiac transplant rejection. ..
  21. TRANSGENIC MICE--MODEL FOR STUDYING HIV INFECTION OF THE
    Harris Goldstein; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..These in vivo studies will be performed using novel transgenic mouse models that we have recently developed that display productive HIV-1 infection. ..
  22. MMPS IN HIV DEMENTIA: EFFECTS ON BBB STRUCTURE/FUNCTION
    Katherine Conant; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Also, the proposed studies will use both primary brain-derived HIV isolates, which differ from laboratory adapted strains, and normal human cells, which also differ significantly from those of rodent or tumor origin. ..