HMGCR

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase gene (Hmgcr) is a susceptibility gene for essential hypertension...

Sterols accelerate degradation of the ER enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG CoA reductase), which catalyzes a rate-controlling step in cholesterol biosynthesis...

..We tested the hypothesis that a combination of such SNPs contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease...

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Sterol-regulated ubiquitination is an obligatory step in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMG CoA reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis...

..This study was designed to investigate serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine in patients on hemodialysis who were taking a statin, vitamin B6, and folic acid...

..To characterize the relationship between hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and outcomes in older persons with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...

..We used gene targeting to knock out the mouse HMG-CoA reductase gene. The heterozygous mutant mice (Hmgcr+/-) appeared normal in their development and gross anatomy and were fertile...

..Finally, statin treatment inhibited cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages challenged with atherogenic hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins indicating that statins can regulate foam cell formation...

Genetic variation in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, modifies the effect of statins on serum cholesterol levels...

..SR-B1 (a CE influx protein), ABCA1 (a FC exporter), and HMG CoA reductase protein/mRNA levels were also assessed...

..Previous meta-analyses reported by Gould et al found significant decreases of 15% in the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD)-related mortality and 11 % in risk for all-cause mortality per decrease of 10% in total cholesterol (TC) level...

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..Larger and longer-term studies are needed to determine the potentially protective effect of statin use on cancer development...

..was reversed by mevalonate (MV) in LV-treated cells, since LV is a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. However, RYR with MV did not reverse the observed inhibition of growth...

The purpose of this study was to determine if statins (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors [HMG-CoA]), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce cardiovascular (CV) events ..

..Overall, our results demonstrate that gamma-tocotrienol inhibited the NF-kappaB activation pathway, leading to down-regulation of various gene products and potentiation of apoptosis...

..of the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17238540) at the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (HMGCR) on the relationship between serum lipids and dietary fat and fibre (NSP)...

..Atorvastatin treatment is associated with less augmentation of the carotid BP waveform and less wave reflection from the body. This could contribute to the reduction in risk of cardiovascular events by statins...

..Our objective was to evaluate the effect of pravastatin (40 mg/day) on coagulation and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients...

..It is recommended that "high-risk" patients are treated with hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors to reduce cholesterol levels.

..Viral uptake is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent (DHCR24, HMGCR, FDPS, RAFTLIN, SREBF1)...

..These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the cell cycle effects of lovastatin and support the development of a novel therapeutic strategy directed toward altering deleterious cell proliferation...

..However, the level of hepatic DHCR mRNA fell only slightly, suggesting that AY-9944 may act more rapidly at the protein level than at the level of transcription of the DHCR gene under these conditions...

..and sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8B) in bile acid biosynthesis and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in cholesterol biosynthesis are the key enzymes in hepatic metabolic pathways, and their transcripts exhibit ..

..for (1) 4 bile acid synthesis enzymes (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP8B1, and CYP7B1); (2) 3 cholesterol synthesis enzymes (HMGCR, HMGCS1, and SQLE); (3) the LDL receptor (LDLR); (4) 2 sterol transporters (ABCG5 and ABCG8); and (5) 2 bile acid ..

..BAPA-3>BAPA-6) reduced the bile acid pool size, which was accompanied by up-regulation of hepatic Cyp7a1 and Hmgcr and intestinal Ostalpha/Ostbeta...

..The mevalonate (MVA) pathway, paced by its rate-limiting enzyme, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), is required for the generation of several fundamental end-products including cholesterol and isoprenoids...

..These appear to move in organised groups like, for example, lateral line cells in zebra fish or Drosophila ovarian border cells...

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..If endogenous production of all three larval methyl farnesoids was suppressed by a strongly driven RNAi against HMGCR in the corpora allata cells, most larvae did not attain pupariation...

..quot; The present study was performed to help define underlying mechanisms, using experimental sepsis as a test model...

..The human intestinal cell line, NCI-H716, was used to test the hypothesis that branched-chain amino acids and dairy proteins regulate satiety hormone secretion and modulate genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism...

..real time RT-PCR verified, that genes within the lipid, sterol, and steroidogenic biosynthetic pathways (Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, Mvk, Sqle, Lss, Cyp51, Tm7sf2, Dhcr24 and Star, Cyp11a1, and Cyp19), including two key transcriptional regulators ..

..However, its molecular mechanism of action has yet to be determined. Here, we examine the anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of ergosterol peroxide...

..Here we used the HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor mevastatin to develop a 'prenylation block-and-release' assay that allows membrane targeting of ..

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..AMPK/SNF1 homologues are found in higher plants, and this protein-kinase cascade appears to be an ancient system which evolved to protect cells against the effects of nutritional or environmental stress...

..Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare disease in children and young adults, usually responsive to chemotherapy. Here we report on a patient with chemorefractory disease, treated in an unconventional approach...

..to determine whether a low-dose combination of a bile acid-binding resin (colestipol) with an hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor (pravastatin) would result in improved acceptability, compliance, and effectiveness in ..

..an increase in the expression of selected SREBF target genes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) and mevalonate kinase (Mvk), was also observed...

..These observations are consistent with specific intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway regulating lipid homeostasis through both the LXR and sterol response element-binding protein pathways...

..In addition to 3beta-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), as the major regulatory enzyme of cholesterol synthesis that is the target of statins, some other enzymes of ..

..The results provide evidence for wide ranging effects of AAS on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, adipose tissue and substrates of the renal control of blood pressure...

..In order to see whether inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase is of benefit, two of our patients have been treated with simvastatin in addition to the long-term ..

..The GGOH content on the diploid cultivation in a 5-l jar fermenter reached 138.8 mg/l under optimal conditions...

..It has been established that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia (HHCy) is an independent and graded risk factor for atherosclerosis, although the molecular link to the atherosclerotic process remains obscure...

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..We studied the sequential effects of a high-fiber diet using psyllium husks on hepatic gene expression and plasma lipid levels...

..Ten genes (IRS2, CTSD, NRAS, MLXIP, HMGCR, LAMP1, ETS2, NID1, SMARCD1, and CD44) were upregulated in OV-90 cells exposed to ascites, allowing a ..

..Atorvastatin was much more effective than lovastatin, while CRP reduction was not significant by simvastatin. However, simvastatin had the greatest impact on LDLC. None of these drugs could reduce IL-6 levels within 2 months...

..SNPs associated with LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were located in LDLR, PCSK9, APOB, CELSR2, HMGCR, CETP, the TOMM40-APOE-C1-C2-C4 cluster, and the APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster; SNPs associated with HDL cholesterol and ..

..Moreover, the data also suggest that the plasma membrane Na/K-ATPase-caveolin-1 interaction may represent an important sensing mechanism by which the cells regulate the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway...

Experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) activates the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene, producing proximal tubule cholesterol loading. AKI also causes sloughing of proximal tubular cell debris into tubular lumina...

..Reports on the immediate and long-term responses to high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) feeding are controversial. Therefore, we examined the sequential effects of an HFC diet...

..Real-time PCR confirmed the induction of PPAR alpha target genes and of HMGCR and SREBP2, both involved in cholesterol synthesis, in lactating and in adult MFP2 knockout mice...

Use of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-3 coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, or statins, reduces cardiovascular disease risk by lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations...

..MTHFD1L, CELSR2, PSRC1 and SORT1 genes have been associated with CHD, and TMEM57, DOCK7, CELSR2, APOB, ABCG5, HMGCR, TRIB1, FADS2/S3, LDLR, NCAN and TOMM40-APOE with total cholesterol...

..However, the factors during acute kidney injury that regulate HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) activity, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis, have not been defined...

..variation exists in cholesterol-lowering response to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors (statins)...

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..Because lipid synthesis and trafficking are largely under hepatic control, we examined hepatic genes in murine models of acute and chronic oral acrolein exposure...

..indicate that aplexone differentially regulates arteriovenous angiogenesis by targeting the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway...

..Optimal detection and treatment of high-risk children either from the general population or from families with premature CVD will require a comprehensive universal screening and evaluation program...

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Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, are widely prescribed to lower plasma cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular disease risk...

..This study assessed the association between pharmacokinetic- and pharmacodynamic-related genes and individual responses to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) change by statins in a Chinese population...

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..and interferon gamma (IFN)-gamma genes along with SNPs of genes regulating vascular functions (vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF) and cholesterol synthesis (hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase; HMGCR) were investigated.

..demonstrated that in liver cells, TSH promoted the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, by acting on the TSH receptor in hepatocyte membranes and ..

..We studied the association between 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes (HMGCR, CETP, APOAI, ABCB1, CYP3A4, CYP7A1) in response to atorvastatin therapy (20?mg/day) in 265 newly diagnosed CAD ..

..These results have important implications for the development of disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer disease as well as understanding of Abeta metabolism...

..investigated the influence of the -911C>A polymorphism (rs3761740) in the hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene promoter on basal and regulated transcription, plasma cholesterol levels and the association with AD...

..sacrifice, using the quantitative real-time PCR, we assayed the transcription levels of the HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr) for cholesterol biosynthesis, monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1) as TG synthetase, hepatic ..

..As a consequence, statins impair mitochondrial metabolism and the activation of small monomeric GTPases (such as Rho and Ras), causing toxic effects. To date, a successful strategy to prevent statin toxicity is lacking...

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..003). Most serious ADRs could have been prevented with better understanding of interactions and by use of pharmacogenomics in identifying patients that are because of genetic predisposition more sensitive to standard doses...

..lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the macrophages derived from monocytes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

..Fifteen SNPs of CETP, ABCB1, APOAI, CYP7A1, and HMGCR genes were genotyped in 265 CAD patients and 150 controls of North Indian origin...

..with loss of function of early cholesterogenic enzymes have not yet been described, and in the mouse, loss of Hmgcr is preimplantation lethal...

..In this study, we have used RNAi techniques to inhibit 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl CoA Reductase (HMGCR) expression selectively in the corpora allatal cells that produce the circulating farnesoid hormones...

..In addition, levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) and acetyl-coA carboxylase (Acc) mRNA, and intracellular cholesterol were increased...

..g. HMGCS1, HMGCL and HMGCR), fat assimilation (FABP5), lipoprotein metabolism (PLTP) and inflammation (STAT-1)...

..In this review, we discuss these differential effects of statins on metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity...

..shown that genetic variations within cytochromes P450 (CYPs), 3-Hydroxyl-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGCR) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes influence individual's response to lipid lowering statins...

..the right carotid artery, thus candidates for statin therapy, we related score LDL [APOB(rs693), APOE(rs4420638), HMGCR(rs12654264), LDLR(rs1529729), and PCSK9(rs11591147)] and score HDL [ABCA1(rs3890182), CETP(rs1800775), LIPC(..

Sterol-regulated degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is a rapid feedback regulatory mechanism by which cells employ to control the cholesterol biosynthesis...

..To study the distribution of ScrF1 restriction polymorphism in intron 2 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase gene in Chinese Han population and the association of the polymorphism with coronary heart disease(CHD)...

..These studies provide insight into the mechanisms by which statins may reduce AD pathogenesis...

..Oleic acid also reduced the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)...

..Since macrophages participate in several vascular pathologies, we examined the effect of statin treatment on the survival and differentiation of primary human monocytes...

..The results do not support the contention that 27-hydroxylated steroids are critical for maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis or levels of vitamin D metabolites in the circulation...

..We conclude that the regulated expression of HMG-CoA reductase has a critical developmental function in providing spatial information to guide migrating primordial germ cells...

..Cyp51, Fpps, and Sqs lost the circadian behavior in Crem-/- livers while Hmgcr is phase advanced from CT20 to CT12...

..available in the public data bases, resulted to be the 3-hydroxil-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)...

..Accordingly, SOD1 could be used as a potential agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, even in subjects lacking a functional LDL receptor pathway...

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..Furthermore, the identification of oatp1 and OATP2 as pravastatin transporters suggests that they are responsible for the hepatic uptake of this liver-specific hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor in rat and man...

..The expression of LDL-R and HMG CoA reductase was also investigated using real time PCR...

Renal injury evokes tubular cholesterol accumulation, mediated in part by increased HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) levels...

..In summary, our study identifies Ufd1 as a cofactor of gp78, reveals an unappreciated function of Ufd1 in the ubiquitination reaction during ERAD, and illustrates that Ufd1 plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism...

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..Excess sterols accelerate degradation of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), a major focal point in the regulation isoprenoid biosynthesis in animal cells...

..formation and aortic ring and Matrigel plug angiogenesis require 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR) activity...

..Proteins (SREBP1 and SREBP2), SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), 3- Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), Scavenger Receptor Class B-I (SRBI), Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP2), and ATP-Binding Cassette 1 (..

..cell, and plasma, cholesterol concentrations, and arises in part from an Fe-induced upregulation of HMG CoA reductase levels and activity...

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..By addressing the above, new insights into heme protein/low molecular weight protein nephrotoxicity and shock-induced renal damage will be obtained which should have direct relevance to crush syndrome induced ARF...

..the two most critical regulators of intracellular cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, and the LDL receptor (LDLR), responsible for uptake of LDL,..

..These studies should increase our understanding of the disposition of cellular cholesterol, its incorporation into ester droplets, and, hopefully, the basis of atherosclerosis...

..Elucidating the physiology and practical implications of membrane cholesterol complexes and cholesterol activity will hopefully play a role in the development of therapeutic and preventive approaches to cholesterol-related diseases. . ..

..Elucidating the physiology and practical implications of membrane cholesterol complexes and cholesterol activity will hopefully play a role in the development of therapeutic and preventive approaches to cholesterol-related diseases. . ..

..Finally, the cell physiology of several sequenced mutants in NPC1 will be analyzed with respect to the gene defect to examine how NPC1 might function in cholesterol homeostasis. ..

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..6) The establishment of an educational program for cardiovascular researchers in the use of genomic databases and tools. ..

..This program presents a comprehensive approach for determining effects of specific genotypes on clinically meaningful variations in responsiveness to a class of drugs widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease. ..

..In addition, the candidate will be well positioned to transition from conducting pathway-based investigation to genome-wide association studies for cardiovascular phenotypes. ..