GGA2

..These results indicate that GGA proteins regulate the localization to or exit from the TGN of the sorting receptors...

..Here we describe the cloning, expression, and tissue and cell distribution of a novel protein of 67 kDa (called Vear) that bears homology to several endocytosis-associated proteins in that it has a VHS domain in its N terminus...

..The VHS and GAT domains of GGA3 are responsible for this binding, as well as for interactions with TSG101, a component of the ubiquitin-dependent sorting machinery. Thus, GGAs may have additional roles in sorting of ubiquitinated cargo...

..By overexpressing wild-type GGA and gamma appendage domains in cells, we can drive p56 and gamma-synergin, respectively, into the cytosol, suggesting a possible mechanism for selectively disrupting the two pathways...

..The morphology of the TGN was also altered. These findings indicate that the three mammalian GGAs cooperate to sort cargo and are required for maintenance of TGN structure...

..A dominant-negative GGA mutant blocked exit of the receptors from the trans-Golgi network. Thus, the GGAs appear to mediate sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network...

..In contrast, on the basis of similar experiments, ARF6 (Class III) may be involved in recruitment of GGA proteins to other compartments, possibly early endosomes...

..These observations suggest that the GGAs could function to link clathrin to membrane-bound ARF.GTP...

..Disruption of both GGA genes in yeast resulted in impaired trafficking of carboxypeptidase Y to the vacuole. These observations suggest that GGAs are components of ARF-regulated coats that mediate protein trafficking at the TGN...

..When overexpressed, the proteins, called GGA1, GGA2, and GGA3, localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and often caused fragmentation and vacuolation of the ..

..GGA1 and GGA2 are also not associated with each other, although they colocalize on perinuclear membranes...

..Here, a crystal structure of the VHS domain of GGA2 is reported at 2.2 A resolution, which permits a direct comparison with that of homologous proteins, GGA1 and GGA3...

..These studies provide an explanation for the observed differences in the relative affinities of the two MPRs for the GGA proteins. Furthermore, they indicate that the GGAs participate in lysosomal enzyme sorting mediated by the CD-MPR...

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..Here, the VHS domain of GGA2 was shown to bind to the acidic cluster-dileucine motif in the cytoplasmic tail of the cation-independent mannose 6-..

..In these cells, all three GGA isoforms are expressed throughout the differentiation process. In particular, GGA2 is primarily present in trans-Golgi network and endosomes where it demonstrates a significant colocalization with ..

..b>GGA2 was also expressed at approximately twofold higher levels in these cells because it was degraded more slowly...

..Sorting of Sit1 to the vacuolar pathway is dependent on the clathrin adaptor Gga2, and more specifically on its C-GAT subdomain...

..Here, we report that the clathrin adaptor Gga2 and ubiquitination by the Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase are required for trafficking of Arn1...

..Whereas siRNA-mediated depletion of GGA2 and GGA3 led to a significant increase in particle release in a late domain-dependent manner, GGA overexpression ..

..To investigate the distinct roles of GGA2 in lysosomal enzyme transport, we established two stable cell lines that had a reduced expression of GGA2 by RNA ..

..molecules, we performed a screen for synthetic lethals in a background of reduced PI(4)P and found the gene GGA2. Our analysis uncovered a PI(4)P-dependent recruitment of the clathrin adaptor Gga2p to the TGN during Golgi-to-..

..We conclude that p56 tightly cooperates with the GGAs in the sorting of cathepsin D to lysosomes, probably by enabling the movement of GGA-containing TCs...

..showed that synteny was conserved with the exception of 2 large previously unreported inversions on Gga1/LG5 and Gga2/LG3, respectively...

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..A total of 698 animals in 50 full-sib families were genotyped for 108 microsatellite markers covering 21 linkage groups...

..Although the largest pair of chromosomes in P. perspicillata and Bubo bubo are submetacentric, they are homologous to different chicken chromosomes: GGA1/GGA2 in P. perspicillata and GGA2/GGA4 in B. bubo.

..The purpose of this work was to detect for the first time QTL for disease resistance traits to Eimeria tenella in chicken by performing a genome scan in an F2 cross issued from a resistant Fayoumi line and a susceptible Leghorn line...

..associated with CW at 9?weeks of age), between 155 and 184?cM on GGA1 (affecting BL traits at 9 and 10 weeks of age), at 22?cM on GGA2 (related with BL traits at 12?weeks of age) and at 36?cM on GGA1 (for HW trait at 8?weeks of age).

..Most of the BW QTL individually explained 2-5% of the phenotypic variance. The BW QTL on GGA2 explained about 7% of BW from 3 to 7 weeks of age, while that on GGA4 explained 15% of BW from 5 to 9 weeks...

..To this end we sampled four regions of approximately 1 cM each on macrochromosomes (GGA1 and GGA2), and four 1...

..Seven static QTL on six chromosomes (GGA2, GGA3, GGA4, GGA7, GGA9 and GGA23) were detected at ages of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 weeks, and six developmental ..

..It directly interacts with the TGN clathrin adaptors GGA1 and GGA2, and disruption of this interaction by expression of a consortin mutant lacking the acidic cluster-dileucine (DXXLL)..

..GGA overexpression led to the formation of large, swollen vacuolar compartments, which in the case of GGA1 sequestered HIV-1 Gag...

..Although Ggas have been characterized as ubiquitin receptors, we show here that ubiquitin binding by Gga2 was not required for the TGN-to-endosome trafficking of Arn1, but it was required for subsequent sorting of Arn1 ..

..Thus, CHC22-dependent membrane trafficking constitutes a species-restricted pathway in human muscle and fat with potential implications for type 2 diabetes...

..Fifty-three markers on GGA2, 5 and 11 were then genotyped in the whole F(3) population of 503 birds, where interval mapping with GridQTL ..

..Under the line-cross model, eight QTL were detected for body weight at 35 days (GGA2, 3 and 4), body weight at 41 days (GGA2, 3, 4 and 10) and intestine length (GGA4)...

..These results suggest that the ubiquitin binding and ubiquitylation of GGA3-GAT domain are mutually inseparable through a ubiquitin ligase activity of hVPS18...

..of adipocyte were precipitated by a GST-GGA1 cargo binding domain (VHS) fusion protein but not with a GST-GGA2 VHS or GST-GGA3 VHS fusion proteins...

..There was statistical evidence for QTL on chicken chromosome 2 (GGA2), GGA4 and GGA6. Suggestive QTL were found on chromosomes 5, 8, 10, 27 and 28...

..These observations thus identify a binding sequence for GAE/gamma-adaptin ear domains and reveal a functional link between proteins regulating TGN cargo export and endosomal tethering/fusion events...

..pentapeptide fragments in polypeptide chains-are proposed for use in evaluating structural similarity in proteins (VeaR)...

..Our results suggest that Clint might participate in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles at the level of the trans-Golgi network and remains associated with the vesicles longer than clathrin and adaptors...

..These data suggest a role for enthoprotin in clathrin-mediated budding on internal membranes. Our study reveals the utility of proteomics in the identification of novel vesicle trafficking proteins...

..Here we show that the cytosolic domain of memapsin 2, but not that of memapsin 1, binds the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2. Gel-immobilized VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2 also bound to full-length memapsin 2 from cell mammalian lysates...

..Here we report that full-length cytoplasmic GGA1 and GGA3 but not GGA2 bind the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor very poorly because of autoinhibition...

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..This study evaluated family practice residents' satisfaction with their chosen careers, their individual programs, and many of the other factors that potentially influence and contribute to job satisfaction...

..At 30 wk of age, suggestive QTL were detected on GGA1 and GGA2 for gentle FP. A significant QTL was detected on GGA2 for severe FP...

..receiving gentle FP at 6 wk of age, a significant QTL on GGA1 and three different suggestive QTL were identified on GGA2, GGA6, and GGA7, respectively. For receiving gentle FP at 30 wk of age, a suggestive QTL on GGA5 was detected...

..These findings shed light on the mechanism of accessory protein recruitment to trans-Golgi network and endosomal clathrin coats...

..Markers from the genetic map were used for alignment to the existing GGA2 (Gallus gallus chromosome 2) linkage group and EST were used to provide valuable comparative mapping information...

..The result shows there are the same homologous regions between chicken chromosome 2 (GGA2) and human chromosome 18 (HSA18), and we found that the genes BCL2 and obesity are located in the near regions of ..

..These observations suggest that GGA proteins function with the phosphorylated ACDL in the memapsin 2-recycling pathway from endosomes to trans-Golgi on the way back to the cell surface...

..Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) adaptors GGA1, GGA2, and GGA3 long, mediating traffic between Golgi and endosomal/lysosomal compartments...

..In the half-sib model, 3 QTL for BW at 4 wk of age on chromosomes GGA2, GGA3, and GGA9 were detected. For BW at 6 wk of age, 3 QTL were detected on GGA2, GGA3, and GGA6...

..0 x 10(-4), 4.1 x 10(-4), and 3.1 x 10(-4) M for VHS domains from GGA1, GGA2, and GGA3, respectively...

..For general activity at 5 weeks of age, a significant QTL was detected on GGA4 and a suggestive QTL on GGA2 under the line-cross model...

..Two QTL were detected for the FP population on GGA2 and GGA3 using the line-cross analysis model...

..component of clathrin-coated vesicles, interacts with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) clathrin adapters AP-1 and GGA2. Here we perform a multi-faceted analysis of the site in enthoprotin that is responsible for the binding to the ..

..cerevisiae. These previously uncharacterized open reading frames, YDR358w and YHR108w, have been named GGA1 and GGA2, respectively...

..We propose a 3-vear follow-up examination in 1000 postmenopausal women already enrolled in the NIH Women's Health Initiative study...

..In addition, we will test the model that GGA1 only work in combination with GGA2 and GGA3...

..In addition, we will test the model that GGA1 only work in combination with GGA2 and GGA3...

..Assessment of Drug Dependence and Alcoholism) Specifically, a total of 200 Hmong villagers will be studied over a 2-vear period. Pedigree relationships will be established by interview and confirmed by genetic methods...

..to determine (a) the independent association between baseline depression and CHF, and (b) the extent to which 5-vear changes in biological and behavioral factors associated with depression explain the relation between depression and ..