Larry Arlian

..abstract:..

..Many aspects of the biology of house dust mites are not understood. A greater understanding of the biology of dust mites may reveal new strategies for controlling dust mites and their allergens in homes...

..Removing allergen from the indoor environment should be a primary strategy for the management and treatment of allergic disease...

..As background, the beginning of this review includes sections that define allergens, explain the allergic reaction mechanism, and describe the methods for naming allergens...

..However, allergists should be aware that, in specific situations, contact with products of many other less-known species of mites also may cause IgE-mediated reactions...

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..We sought to determine if molecules from house dust mites could influence the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts grown in a human skin equivalent (HSE) model...

..Generally speaking, dust mite allergen levels are low in public buildings and transportation compared to levels in homes...

..The results of this study indicate that patients with crusted scabies showed a pronounced IgE response to scabies mites, whereas patients with ordinary scabies did not...

..These studies show that molecules in a whole body extract of S. scabiei modulate the function of PBMCs (probably monocytes) and dendritic cells...

..This study demonstrates that components in an extract of the mite S. scabiei are able to influence cytokine expression by human keratinocytes and fibroblasts...

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..pteronyssinus, and E. maynei contain both endotoxins and other molecules that can stimulate expression of cell adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors and the secretion of cytokines by normal human microvascular endothelial cells...

..ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail...

..The purpose of this research was to determine the response of cultured skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) to extracts of house dust and storage mites...

..scabiei var canis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Multiple dust mite allergens induce an IgE response in dogs. These allergens are mostly greater than 90 kd molecular weight...

..scabiei- and HDM-specific serum IgE. The data also suggested that antibodies to S. scabiei in scabietic patients also recognize HDM; however, some antibodies were directed at scabies-specific antigens...

..This cross-reactivity may play an important role in the susceptibility to scabies and its clinical manifestations...

..These data indicated that each variety of scabies introduced some unique molecules into the host, each strain produced some similar molecules, or both, but different hosts responded immunologically to different sets of these...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study clearly indicate that sensitivity to EM should be considered in geographic areas where this mite is abundant in homes...

..Both the cell-mediated response in the skin and the circulating antibody response waned in parallel with clearing of the mites following reinfestation...

..There was a limited amount of cross-reactivity between BT and the two common house dust mite species and the stored product mite. The amount of cross-reactivity appears to parallel the phylogenetic relatedness...

..CONCLUSION: This study showed that it is practical to maintain an indoor RH of less than 51% during the humid summer season in a temperate climate, and this resulted in significant reductions in mite and allergen levels...

..SDS-PAGE/immunoblot analysis revealed that serum from immunized rabbits contained antibodies that bound strongly to proteins of 25 and 39-52 kD that were only barely visualized by antibodies in serum from infested rabbits...

..This article reviews key aspects of the biology of dust mites, the properties of mite allergens, recommendations for reducing mite and mite allergen concentrations in homes, and practical recommendations for treatment...

..Increased awareness of sensitivity to this mite in the United States' population is needed...

..Heterologous CRIEs demonstrated little relevant IgE binding. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that there is little cross-allergenicity between psyllium husk and English plantain pollen...

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..These immunologic, biochemical, and microscopic findings suggest that other contaminating seed components are primarily responsible for the allergenicity of commercial-grade psyllium-husk powder rather than the husk itself...

..These data also suggested that vaccination with specific scabies tissue containing the relevant antigens or recombinant relevant antigens could enhance the cell-mediated response to protect the hosts against natural infestations...

..CONCLUSION: Somatic extracts of A. simplex L3 larva contain a large number of allergenic molecules and there is significant variability between patients in their sensitivity and reactivity to these allergens...

..The presence of live and dead mites and mite, cat, and dog allergens in automobiles and on clothing suggests that both are vehicles in the dispersal of mites and mite and pet allergen...

..The Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) has become popular as a pet and as an educational tool in classrooms, zoos, and museums...

..These findings help explain the delayed inflammatory reaction to infestation with S. scabiei...

..It may play a key role in depressing the inflammatory and immune responses in humans so that clinical symptoms are not seen until 4-6 wk after a person becomes infested with scabies mites...

..Further studies are needed to determine the importance of these and other storage mites in occupationally exposed and urban populations of the United States...

..CONCLUSION: House dust mite DNA contains evidence of Bartonella and other Gram-negative species. These Gram-negative species are likely to be the sources of the endotoxin found in mite allergenic extracts...

..Although it was not found to be protective in a challenge trial, the rabbits did not exhibit typical crust characteristics. This work shows that it is now possible to conduct such challenge trials with cloned scabies antigens...

..Our data also indicate that lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes can present different cytokine response profiles...

..maynei. Therefore, the cumulative effect of weekly washing with long presoaks should significantly reduce mite levels over time in bed linens, particularly when mattresses and pillows are encased to prevent reinfestation...

..Cleaning with DOT was more effective against D. pteronyssinus than D. farinae...

..05) portion of live mites. Repeated washing is required to further reduce mite levels. Live mites were transferred from mite-infested to mite-free items during washing...

..Most of these allergens, like allergens of dust mites, had molecular weights > 80 kd. Storage mite sensitivity in dogs may be as important, if not more important, than dust mite sensitivity...

..These catalytic activities may be important contributors to the induction and manifestation of inflammatory and immune responses to mites in patients...

..This is the first study that demonstrates that this nonblood-feeding ectoparasitic mite ingests host antibody while feeding on tissue fluid that seeps into the stratum corneum...

..Aim 3 will be achieved by conducting a series of vaccination trials using mite extracts or purified relevant antigens with the goal of inducing immune-based resistance. ..

..For Aim 3, we will use electron microscopy and studies of mite biology in vivo to identify possible pathological and physiological reasons that mites are eliminated by resistant hosts. ..

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..For Aim 3, we will use electron microscopy and studies of mite biology in vivo to identify possible pathological and physiological reasons that mites are eliminated by resistant hosts. ..