Research Topics
Species | HERBERT W contact VIRGINSummaryAffiliation: Washington University School of Medicine Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
In vivo veritas: pathogenesis of infection as it actually happensHerbert W Skip Virgin
Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Nat Immunol 8:1143-7. 2007..The study of pathogenesis seeks to define in molecular and genetic terms the difference between these outcomes with the hope of finding ways to prevent disease without losing the symbiotic benefits of microbial colonization...- Protruding domain of capsid protein is necessary and sufficient to determine murine norovirus replication and pathogenesis in vivoDavid W Strong
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
J Virol 86:2950-8. 2012..We also describe potential interactions between subdomains of the P domain, as well as between other virus elements, which facilitate recovery of MNV using a reverse-genetics system... - Specific mutation of a gammaherpesvirus-expressed antigen in response to CD8 T cell selection in vivoJoy Loh
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
J Virol 86:2887-93. 2012..This finding may have relevance for the use of herpesvirus vectors for chronic antigen expression in vivo... - Replication of Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophagesChristiane E Wobus
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, Missouri, USA
PLoS Biol 2:e432. 2004..The capacity of MNV-1 to replicate in a STAT-1-regulated fashion and the unexpected tropism of a norovirus for cells of the hematopoietic lineage provide important insights into norovirus biology... - Immune regulation of viral infection and vice versaHerbert W Virgin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Immunol Res 32:293-315. 2005..Two concepts drive our approach: (1) the simultaneous analysis of immune and viral mechanisms allows novel insights, and (2) genetic tests in vivo are necessary to establish mechanisms... - Autophagy genes in immunityHerbert W Virgin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
Nat Immunol 10:461-70. 2009..This review summarizes phenotypes that result from the inactivation of autophagy genes in the immune system and discusses the pleiotropic functions of autophagy genes in immunity... - Redefining chronic viral infectionHerbert W Virgin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cell 138:30-50. 2009.... - Immunology and the elusive AIDS vaccineHerbert W Virgin
Washington University School of Medicine and Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Nature 464:224-31. 2010..Here we outline fundamental immunological questions that need to be answered to develop a protective HIV vaccine, and the immediate need to harness a much broader scientific community to achieve this goal... - Metagenomics and personalized medicineHerbert W Virgin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cell 147:44-56. 2011.... - CD4 T cell control of acute and latent murine gammaherpesvirus infection requires IFNgammaRebecca L Sparks-Thissen
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Virology 338:201-8. 2005..Together, data presented here demonstrate that both CD4 T cell-mediated helper-independent control of gammaHV68 replication and inhibition of the establishment of gammaHV68 latency require IFNgamma... - Immune control of the number and reactivation phenotype of cells latently infected with a gammaherpesvirusScott A Tibbetts
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 76:7125-32. 2002..The immune system therefore controls chronic gammaherpesvirus infection by site-specific mechanisms that regulate both the number and reactivation phenotype of latently infected cells... - Immune mechanisms responsible for vaccination against and clearance of mucosal and lymphatic norovirus infectionKAREN A CHACHU
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
PLoS Pathog 4:e1000236. 2008.... - Alpha/beta interferons regulate murine gammaherpesvirus latent gene expression and reactivation from latencyErik S Barton
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 79:14149-60. 2005.... - Antibody-independent control of gamma-herpesvirus latency via B cell induction of anti-viral T cell responsesKelly B McClellan
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
PLoS Pathog 2:e58. 2006..Exploitation of this property of B cells may allow enhanced vaccine responses to chronic virus infection... - A gamma-herpesvirus deficient in replication establishes chronic infection in vivo and is impervious to restriction by adaptive immune cellsScott A Tibbetts
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Virology 353:210-9. 2006..Thus, these data support the conclusion that latency is immunologically silent... - Gamma interferon blocks gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency in a cell type-specific mannerAshley Steed
Department of Pathology and Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 81:6134-40. 2007..These data indicate that the regulation of gammaherpesvirus latency by IFN-gamma is cell type specific and raise the possibility that cell type-specific immune deficiency may alter latency in distinct and important ways... - Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infectionErik S Barton
Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Nature 447:326-9. 2007..Thus, whereas the immune evasion capabilities and lifelong persistence of herpesviruses are commonly viewed as solely pathogenic, our data suggest that latency is a symbiotic relationship with immune benefits for the host... - An optimized CD8+ T-cell response controls productive and latent gammaherpesvirus infectionDouglas C Braaten
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 79:2573-83. 2005..The data also demonstrate for the first time that a strong CD8(+) T-cell response can limit long-term latent infection... - An optimized CD4 T-cell response can control productive and latent gammaherpesvirus infectionRebecca L Sparks-Thissen
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 78:6827-35. 2004.... - Natural killer cells utilize both perforin and gamma interferon to regulate murine cytomegalovirus infection in the spleen and liverJoy Loh
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 79:661-7. 2005..Thus, contrary to previous reports, NK cells utilize both Pfp and IFN-gamma to control MCMV infection in the spleen and liver... - Host and viral genes that control herpesvirus vasculitisHerbert W Virgin
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cleve Clin J Med 69:SII7-12. 2002 - Histone deacetylases and the nuclear receptor corepressor regulate lytic-latent switch gene 50 in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected macrophagesMegan M Goodwin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 1093, USA
J Virol 84:12039-47. 2010..Moreover, HDAC3, HDAC4, and NCoR act on the gene 50 promoter and are recruited to this promoter in a retinoic acid-responsive manner. We provide the first example of NCoR-mediated, HDAC-dependent regulation of viral gene expression... - Antibody to a lytic cycle viral protein decreases gammaherpesvirus latency in B-cell-deficient miceShivaprakash Gangappa
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 76:11460-8. 2002..We confirmed this model by the treatment of latently infected B-cell(-/-) mice with the antiviral drug cidofovir... - STAT1-dependent innate immunity to a Norwalk-like virusStephanie M Karst
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Science 299:1575-8. 2003..The identification of host molecules essential for murine norovirus resistance may provide targets for prevention or control of an important human disease... - Gamma interferon blocks gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latencyAshley L Steed
Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 80:192-200. 2006..This demonstrates that IFN-gamma is important for immune surveillance that limits reactivation of gammaHV68 from latency... - Critical role of CD4 T cells in an antibody-independent mechanism of vaccination against gammaherpesvirus latencyJames Scott McClellan
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 78:6836-45. 2004..Therefore, CD4 T cells play a critical role in immune surveillance of gammaherpesvirus latency and can mediate vaccination against latency in the absence of antibody responses... - MDA-5 recognition of a murine norovirusStephen A McCartney
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
PLoS Pathog 4:e1000108. 2008..Knowledge of the host response to MNV-1 may provide keys for prevention and treatment of the human disease... - Critical role of complement and viral evasion of complement in acute, persistent, and latent gamma-herpesvirus infectionSharookh B Kapadia
Department of Immunology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Immunity 17:143-55. 2002.... - Critical role for a high-affinity chemokine-binding protein in gamma-herpesvirus-induced lethal meningitisVictor Van Berkel
Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Clin Invest 109:905-14. 2002.... - Early B-cell activation after West Nile virus infection requires alpha/beta interferon but not antigen receptor signalingWhitney E Purtha
Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8051, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 82:10964-74. 2008.... - Antibody is critical for the clearance of murine norovirus infectionKAREN A CHACHU
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 82:6610-7. 2008..Together, these data demonstrate that antibody plays an important role in the clearance of MNV and that immunoglobulin G anti-norovirus antibody can play an important role in clearing mucosal infection... - Gamma-herpesvirus kinase actively initiates a DNA damage response by inducing phosphorylation of H2AX to foster viral replicationVera L Tarakanova
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cell Host Microbe 1:275-86. 2007..Thus, activation of proximal components of the DNA damage signaling response is an active viral kinase-driven strategy required for efficient gamma-herpesvirus replication... - Identification of the in vivo role of a viral bcl-2Shivaprakash Gangappa
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Exp Med 195:931-40. 2002..As gamma-herpesviruses primarily cause human disease during chronic infection, these chronic disease genes may be important targets for therapeutic intervention... - MHV68 complement regulatory protein facilitates MHV68 replication in primary macrophages in a complement independent mannerVera L Tarakanova
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Virology 396:323-8. 2010..This study shows a novel, complement independent cell-type-specific function of a gammaherpesvirus RCA protein... - Effective vaccination against long-term gammaherpesvirus latencyScott A Tibbetts
Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 77:2522-9. 2003..These results demonstrate the potential of a memory immune response against gammaherpesviruses to alter long-term latency and suggest that limiting long-term latent infection in a clinically relevant situation is an attainable goal... - Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection is associated with lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoma in BALB beta2 microglobulin-deficient miceVera L Tarakanova
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 79:14668-79. 2005..Our findings suggest that gammaHV68 induces lymphomas via hit-and-run oncogenesis, paracrine effects, or stimulation of chronic inflammation... - Establishment and maintenance of gammaherpesvirus latency are independent of infective dose and route of infectionScott A Tibbetts
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 77:7696-701. 2003..These results demonstrate that the equilibrium level of establishment of gammaherpesvirus latency is independent of the infectious dose and route of infection... - Effective control of chronic gamma-herpesvirus infection by unconventional MHC Class Ia-independent CD8 T cellsDouglas C Braaten
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
PLoS Pathog 2:e37. 2006..We speculate that similar unconventional CD8 T cells may be able to control of other chronic viral infections, especially when viruses evade immunity by inhibiting generation of Class Ia-restricted T cells... - Physical association of the K3 protein of gamma-2 herpesvirus 68 with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules with impaired peptide and beta(2)-microglobulin assemblyY Y Lawrence Yu
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 76:2796-803. 2002..The detection of K3 with class I assembly intermediates raises the possibility that molecular chaperones involved in class I assembly are involved in K3-mediated class I regulation... - Latent herpesvirus infection arms NK cellsDouglas W White
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Blood 115:4377-83. 2010..Thus, the immune environment created by latent herpesvirus infection provides a mechanism whereby host NK-cell function is enhanced in vivo... - Granzymes and caspase 3 play important roles in control of gammaherpesvirus latencyJoy Loh
Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 78:12519-28. 2004..The requirement for specific granzymes differs for early versus late forms of latent infection. These data indicate that different granzymes play important and distinct roles in regulating latent gammaherpesvirus infection... - Murine norovirus: a model system to study norovirus biology and pathogenesisChristiane E Wobus
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Box 8118, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 80:5104-12. 2006 - Murine cytomegalovirus paralyzes macrophages by blocking IFN gamma-induced promoter assemblyDaniel L Popkin
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:14309-14. 2003.... - Coronavirus replication does not require the autophagy gene ATG5Zijiang Zhao
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
Autophagy 3:581-5. 2007..We conclude that neither ATG5 nor an intact autophagic pathway re required for MHV replication or release... - Murine noroviruses comprising a single genogroup exhibit biological diversity despite limited sequence divergenceLarissa B Thackray
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Box 8118, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 81:10460-73. 2007..The isolation and characterization of multiple MNV strains illustrate how genetic analysis may underestimate the biological diversity of noroviruses and provide a molecular map for future studies of MNV biology... - Murine cytomegalovirus infection inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha responses in primary macrophagesDaniel L Popkin
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 77:10125-30. 2003..These findings provide a mechanism by which MCMV can evade the effects of an important host cytokine in macrophages... - Identification and sequencing of a novel rodent gammaherpesvirus that establishes acute and latent infection in laboratory miceJoy Loh
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 85:2642-56. 2011..As these ORFs may function as immunomodulatory or virulence factors, RHVP presents new opportunities for the study of mechanisms of immune evasion by gammaherpesviruses... - Virus-plus-susceptibility gene interaction determines Crohn's disease gene Atg16L1 phenotypes in intestineKen Cadwell
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cell 141:1135-45. 2010.... - Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 has evolved gamma interferon and stat1-repressible promoters for the lytic switch gene 50Megan M Goodwin
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Virol 84:3711-7. 2010.... - Virus subversion of the MHC class I peptide-loading complexLonnie Lybarger
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Immunity 18:121-30. 2003..Thus, mK3 subverts TAP/tapasin to specifically target class I molecules for destruction... - Autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein Atg5 in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogensZijiang Zhao
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Cell Host Microbe 4:458-69. 2008.... - The autophagy gene ATG5 plays an essential role in B lymphocyte developmentBrian C Miller
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Autophagy 4:309-14. 2008..In addition, B-1a B cells require ATG5 for their maintenance in the periphery. We conclude that ATG5 is differentially required at discrete stages of development in distinct, but closely related, cell lineages... - Structure of antibody-neutralized murine norovirus and unexpected differences from viruslike particlesUmesh Katpally
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
J Virol 82:2079-88. 2008..These unique features of MNV suggest that at least some caliciviruses undergo a capsid maturation process akin to that observed with other plant and bacterial viruses... - Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivoDeborah J Lenschow
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Virol 79:13974-83. 2005..Finally, we demonstrate that ISG15's LRLRGG motif is also required for its antiviral activity. We conclude that ISG15 can be directly antiviral... - High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of murine norovirus 1 and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus reveal marked flexibility in the receptor binding domainsUmesh Katpally
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
J Virol 84:5836-41. 2010..Connections between the P and shell domains and between the floating P domains were modeled. This observed P-domain flexibility likely facilitates virus-host receptor interactions...
Research Grants
- IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF A NOVEL NOROVIRUSHerbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- ASM Conference on Viral Immune EvasionHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2005..This should foster their career development. ..
- Vascular Injury and Atherosclerosis During Herpesvirus *Herbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2005..This will allow us to manipulate the immune system to prevent atherosclerosis induction by virus infection, and potentially to vaccinate against virus induced atherosclerosis. ..
- T Cell Vaccination Against gamma-herpesvirus LatencyHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2005..HV68 latencyAim 2) Identify latency associated antigens recognized by T cells Aim 3) Test the effects of vaccination with latency associated antigens. ..
- MECHANISM OF GAMMA-HERPESVIRUS DAF/MCP HOMOLOGHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2004..abstract_text> ..
- Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and MacrophagesHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2007..Determine the cellular and molecular basis of MNV-1 cell tropism. The proposed studies will provide fundamental information about the binding, entry, and uncoating of a very important genus of viruses that includes many human pathogens. ..
- IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF A NOVEL NOROVIRUSHerbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- SUSCEPTIBILILTY GENE-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASEHERBERT W contact VIRGIN; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and MacrophagesHerbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2010..The proposed studies will provide fundamental information about the binding, entry, and uncoating of a very important genus of viruses that incudes many human pathogens. ..
- IMMUNOLOGIC CONTROL OF GAMMAHERPESVIRUS LATENCYHerbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2010..Understanding this mechanism for maintenance of latency may allow us to interfere with or control latency in an appropriate way, thus preventing the ill effects of chronic herpesvirus infection. ..
- IMMUNOLOGIC CONTROL OF GAMMAHERPESVIRUS LATENCYHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2009..Understanding this mechanism for maintenance of latency may allow us to interfere with or control latency in an appropriate way, thus preventing the ill effects of chronic herpesvirus infection. ..
- Regulation of gamma herpesvirus latency and tumorigenesisHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2007..Aim 2: Identify the role of latency and tumor-associated genes in B cell proliferation and survival. Aim 3: Identify the mechanism by which v-Bcl-2 regulates gammaHV68 latency. ..
- Immunity and Pathogenesis of a Novel CalicivirusHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2007..Aim 2. Determine the role of the innate immune response in control of MCV1 infection. Aim 3. Determine the role of the adaptive immune response in clearance of, and vaccination against, MCV1 infection. ..
- Search for Infectious Etiology of Wegener's DiseaseHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2003..The benefits of identifying potential etiologies for Wegener's are great, preliminary data shows that the methods are in hand, and the team assembled is well qualified to undertake the proposed studies. ..
- REGULATION OF GAMMA HERPESVIRUS LATENCY & TUMORIGENESISHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2002..Aim 3. Characterization of gamma HV 68 latency and tumor associated gene expression. Aim 4. Generation and analysis of gamma HV68 mutants in latency and tumor-associated genes. ..
- MECHANISMS OF VIRUS-INDUCED ELASTIC ARTERITISHerbert Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2002..Aim 2. Determine the mechanism by which IFNgamma regulates arteritis. Aim 3. Determine the mechanism by which B cells regulate arteritis. ..