Laura J Bierut

..CIDR, Affymetrix, and Illumina provided single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of a large subset of the COGA subjects. This article briefly describes the dataset that was provided...

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..Finally, there is also evidence of an area on chromosome 2 that may reflect a common genetic vulnerability locus to both habitual smoking and alcohol dependence...

..11 and 1.16. Further dissection of the alcoholism phenotype, to disentangle the influence of comorbid substance-use disorders, will be a next step in identifying genetic variants associated with alcohol dependence...

..The goal of this study was to examine the association of this variant with cocaine dependence...

..Incorporation of logically chosen interaction parameters, such as AOS, into genetic models of substance use disorders may increase the degree of explained phenotypic variation and constitutes a promising avenue for gene discovery...

..There was no association with other genes in the GABAA cluster on chromosome 4 with illicit drug dependence...

..The perceived bitterness of PROP has also been associated with oral sensation and drinking behaviors...

..0 on chromosome 2 (3.2, 234 cM), 10 (2.4 and 2.6 at 60 cM and 116 cM) and 13 (2.1 at 64 cM). These regions may harbor genes that contribute to the biological basis of alcohol and drug dependence...

..In the present report, we extend the previous study by expanding our genotyping efforts significantly for these two genes...

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..The goal of this study was to identify predictors of problematic young adult alcohol use...

..The aim of this study was to examine the abbreviated Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) with respect to component structure and concurrent validity...

..05) and rs806380 (P = 0.009)]. Haplotype analyses revealed the association to be largely driven by the SNP rs806380. These results suggest a role for the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene in cannabis dependence...

..While replication is required, this study represents an important first step toward clarifying the biological underpinnings of cannabis dependence...

..Furthermore, investigators should consider the specific disorder(s) being investigated and the ages of the children being studied when determining whether to include parent reports as part of study design...

..Many studies have found that earlier drinking initiation predicts higher risk of later alcohol and substance use problems, but the causal relationship between age of initiation and later risk of substance use disorder remains unknown...

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..The prevalence of obesity has risen sharply in the United States in the past few decades. Etiologic links between obesity and substance use disorders have been hypothesized...

..However, increased information has a computational cost: SNP maps require 100 times as many iterations as microsatellites to produce stable estimates...

..Some of this clustering may be due to the presence of a second segregating SNP that obliterates a XbaI site (the restriction enzyme used in the Affymetrix platform), resulting in a fragment too long (>1,000 bp) to be amplified...

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..The results to date suggest that both common and drug-specific genetic influences play a role in the development of alcohol and nicotine dependence...

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..The present report sought to confirm the trends in AOD and to determine the extent to which they might account for secular trends in alcohol dependence...

..A challenging problem after a genome-wide association study (GWAS) is to balance the statistical evidence of genotype-phenotype correlation with a priori evidence of biological relevance...

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..To extend the previously identified association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 (CHRNA5) and nicotine dependence to current smoking and initial smoking-experience phenotypes...

..Methodologies that limit analyses of joint effects to variants that demonstrate association in single SNP analyses, or require a significant interaction term, will likely miss important joint effects...

..A better understanding of the etiology of nicotine addiction may help to increase the success rate of cessation and to decrease the massive morbidity and mortality associated with smoking...

..We examined how these identified genetic variants relate to nicotine dependence defined by different categorical and dimensional measures...

..To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism...

..We also considered the effect of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in regions near the linkage peaks by analysing a "sparse" SNP map obtained by dropping some markers in high LD with other markers in those regions...

..0001). The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of African Americans in genetic databases may be achieved by increasing efforts to locate and contact them...

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..These findings provide strong evidence that variants within or close to the CHRM2 locus influence risk for two common psychiatric disorders...

..Traditional measures of imputation cannot effectively address these problems...

..We sought to address this issue using data from a nationally representative U.S. sample of adolescents and young adults. Specifically, we analyzed the relationship between cigarette smoking, drinking, and AUDs...

..Data from genome-wide association studies and other microarrays may be used to identify CNVs by several different computer programs, but the reliability of the results has been questioned...

..However, it remains unclear whether such patterns truly reflect secular trends or are confounded by age-dependent factors such as differential recall, differential mortality, and other effects...

..These families were recruited as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA)...

..Recently the genetic polymorphism most widely analyzed in DRD2, Taq1A, has been discovered to reside in a neighboring gene, ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1), located 10 kb downstream from DRD2...

..However, this information has not been widely used in gene identification efforts, which have focused on specific disorders diagnosed using traditional psychiatric classification systems...

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..This study examined the associations between social, behavioral, and environmental factors and adolescent parenthood...

..We examined this possibility by analyzing the association between NS and alcohol dependence in individuals at intermediate and high levels of familial risk for alcohol dependence...

..6%), whereas 45% of African Americans carry the allele (MAF 26%), which makes it a much more significant risk factor in the African American population...

..This combination of biological prioritization scores and LD tagging annotation will enable addiction researchers to supplement commercial SNP microarrays to ensure comprehensive coverage of biologically relevant regions...

..These associations highlight the importance of understanding the genetics of substance dependence in the context of its multiple medical and psychiatric comorbidities...

..The challenge we address is to distinguish among these correlated loci to highlight potential functional variants and prioritize them for follow-up...

..The nonsynonymous SNP rs16969968, a known risk variant in populations of European-descent, is also significantly associated with risk in African-Americans. Additional SNPs contribute to risk in distinct ways in these two populations...

..Severity of substance use is more closely related to, and thus a better indicator of, higher number of sexual partners than age of substance use onset...

..This study examined the associations between health risk behaviors (i.e., substance use behaviors, physical violence, or carried a weapon) and multiple adolescent pregnancies (i.e., experiencing or causing more than one pregnancy)...

..This represents an exciting convergence of genetic findings, and highlights the potential for research on smoking to inform public health...

..This study was conducted to examine associations with contraception methods used at last sexual intercourse among US adolescents...

..It is important for clinicians to recognize that once released from treatment, cocaine-dependent individuals may be returning to high-risk environments where sexual risk behaviors are occurring in the context of cocaine use...

..If SNPs with lower MAFs are used, then more than 250 SNPs may be required to obtain reliable results...

..Other genes among the top signals were KCNJ6 and GABRA4. This study represents one of the most powerful and extensive studies of nicotine dependence to date and has found novel risk loci that require confirmation by replication studies...

..A major criterion to validate diagnoses is stability over time...

..This study examined the extent to which alcohol dependence and conduct disorder are associated with the number of sexual partners and membership in a risk group of having a high number of sexual partners (10 or more)...

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..These results provide evidence that specific variables in the self and familial systems of influence are important in predicting sexual debut at 16 years old or earlier...

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..This study examined gender and racial/ethnic differences in sexual debut...

..This work anticipates the future directions of large-scale genome wide association studies with state-of-the-art methodological approaches and sharing of data with the scientific community...

..Substance dependence can be thought of as a pharmacogenetic illness, and most likely hundreds and more probably thousands of genetic variants will be required to fully explain the genetic input to this disease...

..The present study examined the associations between initiation and intensity of substance use and with sexual experience with and without a history of teenage pregnancy...

..Describe differences in smoking behaviors associated with occupation, workplace rules against smoking, and workplace smoking cessation programs...

..In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with harmonizing alcohol-consumption data from studies with widely different assessment instruments, with a particular focus on large-scale genetic studies...

..01, T91I P = 0.02, R37H P = 0.003), but the largest effect on in vitro receptor activity was seen in the presence of both CHRNB4 T91I and CHRNA3 R37H (P = 2 × 10(-6))...

..The objective of this study is to examine whether individuals who were legally permitted to drink prior to age 21 remained at elevated risk in adulthood...

..These associations highlight the importance of understanding the genetics of substance dependence in the context of its multiple medical and psychiatric comorbidities...

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..Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C...

..Using the cross-population study paradigm provides valuable insights to narrow regions of interest and inform future biological experiments. Genet. Epidemiol. 36:340-351, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...

..The relationship of nicotine dependence (ND) to smoking behavior and cessation has been well characterized. However, little is known about the association between smoking reduction (SR) and ND...

..Our results suggest that p34 may be a novel tumor suppressor gene involved in sporadic lung cancer but it seems not to be the candidate familial lung cancer susceptibility gene linked to chromosomal region 6q23-25...

..Genetic analyses have identified regions on several chromosomes that are associated with these phenotypes and need to be studied further...

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..The discussion is by Marc Schuckit, who was chair of the Substance Use disorders (SUD) Committee for DSM-IV and cochair of the international group of experts reviewing the SUD definitions for DSM-V...

..The data support the hypothesis that the relationship between CPD and nicotine dependence as reflected in relapse varies by race, and that Black smokers are dependent at lower levels of CPD than Whites...