CRAIG RUSH

..The aim of the present study was to assess the acute subject-rated effects of ethanol (0, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) after pretreatment with hydromorphone, a mu-opioid agonist...

..The results of these studies might guide the development of a pharmacotherapy for the treatment of amphetamine abuse/dependence...

..The results of the present experiment suggest that cocaine discrimination in humans is pharmacologically specific within and across drug classes...

..Future studies should test higher doses and directly compare the behavioral effects of intranasal methylphenidate to those of a prototypical abused stimulant (e.g. cocaine)...

..A full characterization of the abuse potential of modafinil will become important as the use of this drug increases...

..Future laboratory experiments with humans should also determine if benzodiazepines with lower abuse potential (eg, oxazepam) might also attenuate the behavioral effects of D-amphetamine...

..Consistent with in vivo behavioral neuropharmacological data, the discriminative-stimulus, participant-rated, and physiological effects of oral cocaine and methylphenidate were similar...

....

..The aim of this study was to further assess the behavioral effects of a benzodiazepine in light and moderate drinkers...

....

..The results of this experiment are discordant with previous research and suggest that benzodiazepines differ in their ability to modulate the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine...

..This experiment determined the safety and tolerability of intranasal cocaine during aripiprazole maintenance...

..CONCLUSION: The findings of the present experiment suggest that the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate, like D-amphetamine and cocaine, are influenced by behavioral demands following drug administration...

..g., inattention and hyperactivity). To further assess the nature of this relationship, the present study examined the association between subclinical symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity and the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine...

..g. smoke alarms or middle-of-the-night child care)...

..The results of these studies may have implications for the use of these drugs as agonist-replacement therapies for stimulant dependence...

..g., alprazolam) using more sophisticated methods (e.g., dose-response curves for the drugs alone and in combination) and behavioral arrangements (e.g., drug discrimination)...

..Smoking should be monitored in patients that are prescribed stimulant medications, regardless of the formulation type...

..Aripiprazole was generally devoid of effects, but did alter temperature-increasing and subject-rated effects of cocaine as a function of cocaine dose...

..Women and men may respond differently to the effects of stimulants such as amphetamine and cocaine...

..g. drug self-administration) to determine if women and men respond differently to the effects of D-amphetamine...

..Future research should examine the effects of chronic aripiprazole administration in combination with methamphetamine or cocaine...

..These results indicate that cocaine is well tolerated during atomoxetine maintenance. Further research is needed to better determine the effects of atomoxetine and cocaine combinations...

..These results indicate that acute d-amphetamine pretreatment does not increase stimulant self-administration...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results of this experiment suggest that methylphenidate, like d-amphetamine, increases rates of cigarette smoking...

..These findings are consistent with epidemiological data and previous findings from laboratory studies that suggest methylphenidate has at least some abuse potential...

..However, many patients enrolled in behavioral therapies are unable to achieve significant periods of abstinence, suggesting other strategies like pharmacotherapy are needed...

..Stimulants increase tobacco smoking in healthy adults under controlled laboratory conditions. The mechanisms that mediate stimulant-induced increases in smoking are not known...

..The findings contribute to growing evidence that suggests cocaine and alcohol use could produce broad inhibitory impairments that increase the risk for learning deficits and poor impulse control...

....

..There is evidence from research in animals and humans that the gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor subtype (GABA(B)) agonist baclofen may have promise as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction...

..Future studies should assess whether the similarity in the behavioral effects of methamphetamine and related stimulants can be extended to other behavioral assays, such as measures of reinforcement, in humans...

..These findings are important because they identify a specific disinhibiting effect of cocaine that could help explain the documented association between long-term cocaine use and poor impulse control...

..Identification of environmental conditions in which stimulants are likely to disinhibit behavior could provide insight into mechanisms that underlie the association between long-term stimulant use and poor impulse control...

..g., higher cocaine doses) and behavioral arrangements (e.g., drug self-administration or discrimination)...

..These results suggest that increased stimulant drug use and abuse among high sensation seekers may be related, in part, to increased sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of stimulants among these individuals...

..While the personality dimensions of novelty seeking and sensation seeking are associated with drug abuse vulnerability, the mechanisms associated with this vulnerability remain obscure...

....

..By increasing the delay in returning attention to a previously attended location, d-amphetamine might reduce time spent searching previously attended locations, increasing the efficiency of visual searches...

..The current study provides a useful model to investigate the effects of other drugs reported to have performance-enhancing effects...

..These procedures may be useful for examining the influence of putative pharmacological and behavioral interventions on intranasal cocaine self-administration...

..These results are concordant with those of previous preclinical experiments, human laboratory studies, and clinical trials that suggest that agonist replacement therapy may be a viable strategy for managing cocaine dependence...

..These findings are important because they identify a specific deficit involving behavioral inhibition that could contribute to cocaine abuse, and explain its association with other disorders of self-regulation, such as ADHD...

..This study examined dose-response effects of oral cocaine on the inhibitory control of behavior in adult cocaine users using two different behavioral models of inhibitory control...

....

..The effects of methylphenidate on a 9-trial, discrete cigarette versus money ($0.25) choice task were tested to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stimulant-induced increases in smoking...

....

..Taken together with recent clinical findings, these results suggest that methylphenidate may enhance the abuse-related behavioral effects of nicotine, perhaps increasing vulnerability to tobacco dependence...

..These data suggest that the behavioral effects of atomoxetine overlap to a small degree with psychomotor stimulants and that it has low abuse potential...

..Future studies should determine whether light and moderate drinkers respond differentially to other commonly abused drugs (e.g., opioids) and whether behavioral responses to ethanol also predict responses to these compounds...

..In general, acute administration of tiagabine did not alter the effects of oral cocaine. These findings suggest that tiagabine would not be effective at preventing continued cocaine use by blocking its acute, abuse-related effects...

..Future studies should assess the tolerance-producing effects of zolpidem across a range of doses, as well as other novel sedatives such as zaleplon...

..Future research should determine the sensitivity of this model to specific behavioral aspects of contingency management and whether food could compete with drugs as reinforcers in humans under laboratory conditions...

..e., significant effect of dose). The women and men did not differ significantly on any measure. The results of the present experiment suggest that women and men are not differentially sensitive to the behavioral effects of triazolam...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that, under controlled laboratory conditions, repeated oral cocaine administration may result in sensitization to the cardiovascular effects, but not subject-rated effects...

..Modafinil may have less adverse health consequences than some anorectic agents and greater treatment efficacy...

..These results suggest that modafinil engenders alerting effects and increases performance in healthy non-sleep-deprived individuals comparable with that of d-amphetamine...

..Elucidating the role of dopamine in mediating the effects of cocaine may guide the development of pharmacological interventions for cocaine. ..

..Identifying novel agonist replacement therapies is important because clinicians may be reluctant to use d-amphetamine because of its abuse potential. ..

..Reducing relapse to drug use is important because intravenous abuse of cocaine may be associated with increased risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (A.I.D.S.). ..

....

..Identifying novel agonist replacement therapies is important because clinicians may be reluctant to use d-amphetamine because of its abuse potential. ..

..The proposed research will provide initial scientific and clinical information regarding the use of aripiprazole as a pharmacotherapy for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence, and guide the design of future clinical trials. ..

..Finally, because the interoceptive and discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine clearly contribute to its abuse, the experiments proposed in this application could provide information relevant to the treatment of cocaine abuse. ..

..Finally, the proposed research will allow us to conduct retrospective analyses to determine the influence of individual differences (e.g., gender, other drug use) on the reinforcing and subjective effects of cocaine. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..The proposed research will provide important clinical information regarding the viability of targeting GABAA receptor modulation for the development of medications to manage methamphetamine dependence. ..