Research Topics
| Keith RaynerSummaryAffiliation: University of Massachusetts Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
| Collaborators
|
Detail Information
Publications
The effect of plausibility on eye movements in readingKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 30:1290-301. 2004..The results thus indicate that when a word is anomalous, it has an immediate effect on eye movements, but that the effect of implausibility is not as immediate...- Mindless reading revisited: eye movements during reading and scanning are differentK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Percept Psychophys 58:734-47. 1996..Contrary to Vitu et al.'s (1995) findings, our results show that eye movements are not guided by a global strategy and local tactics, but by immediate processing demands... - Eye movement control in reading: word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in wordsK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Vision Res 41:943-54. 2001..These results suggest that low-level processing is primarily responsible for landing position effects in reading... - Raeding wrods with jubmled lettres: there is a costKeith Rayner
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Psychol Sci 17:192-3. 2006 - The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readersKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Psychon Bull Rev 12:1089-93. 2005..The results were highly similar to those of a study by Rayner and Well (1996) with English readers and demonstrate that Chinese readers, like readers of English, exploit target word predictability during reading... - Integrating text and pictorial information: eye movements when looking at print advertisementsK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Tobin Hall, Box 37710, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Appl 7:219-26. 2001..Implications for (a) how viewers integrate pictorial and textual information and (b) applied research and advertisement development are discussed... - Eye movements when reading disappearing text: the importance of the word to the right of fixationKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Vision Res 46:310-23. 2006..These results not only confirm the robust influence of cognitive/linguistic processing on fixation times in reading, but also again confirm the importance of preprocessing the word to the right of fixation for fluent reading... - Letter-by-letter acquired dyslexia is due to the serial encoding of lettersKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
Psychol Sci 16:530-4. 2005.... - How psychological science informs the teaching of readingK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Psychol Sci 2:31-74. 2001..Thus, elementary-school teachers who make the alphabetic principle explicit are most effective in helping their students become skilled, independent readers... - The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: implications for the E-Z Reader modelKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 30:720-32. 2004.... - Inhibition of saccade return in readingKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Vision Res 43:1027-34. 2003..Consistent with research from much simpler attention or oculomotor tasks, we found what could be considered an inhibition of return effect: fixations preceding return saccades were longer than those preceding non-return saccades... - The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during readingK Rayner
Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Q J Exp Psychol A 53:1061-80. 2000..The last result suggests that sometimes higher order processes that are related to making a decision about when to move the eyes impinge on lower level decisions that are typically associated with deciding where to move the eyes... - Reading disappearing text: cognitive control of eye movementsKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Psychol Sci 14:385-8. 2003..Although the uptake of visual information is clearly important for reading, it is the cognitive processes associated with understanding the fixated words that drive the eyes through the text... - Tracking the mind during reading via eye movements: comments on Kliegl, Nuthmann, and Engbert (2006)Keith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, US
J Exp Psychol Gen 136:520-9; discussion 530-7. 2007.... - Eye movement control in reading: a comparison of two types of modelsK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 22:1188-200. 1996..In this study, fixation duration on low-and high-frequency target words was examined as a function of fixation location and the number of fixations on a target word. The data are inconsistent with an oculomotor model... - Eye movements during information processing tasks: individual differences and cultural effectsKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Vision Res 47:2714-26. 2007..Also, Chinese participants' fixations were more numerous and of shorter duration than those of their American counterparts while viewing faces and scenes, and counting Chinese characters in text... - Do readers obtain preview benefit from word N + 2? A test of serial attention shift versus distributed lexical processing models of eye movement control in readingKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 33:230-45. 2007..Furthermore, there was no evidence of parafoveal-on-foveal effects... - Phonological codes and eye movements in readingK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 24:476-97. 1998..In this study, 3 experiments were carried out that were conceptually similar to those of M. Daneman and E. Reingold, and the resulting data supported the position that phonological codes are activated very early in an eye fixation... - Unspaced text interferes with both word identification and eye movement controlK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Vision Res 38:1129-44. 1998..Further analyses were conducted that explored the relationship between these two effects... - Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of researchK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Psychol Bull 124:372-422. 1998..The basic theme of the review is that eye movement data reflect moment-to-moment cognitive processes in the various tasks examined. Theoretical and practical considerations concerning the use of eye movement data are also discussed... - Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading: evidence from eye movementsKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Br J Psychol 97:467-82. 2006..The results of the experiment demonstrate that readers are able to immediately utilize the modifier to select the appropriate meaning of the ambiguous word... - Contextual strength and the subordinate bias effect: comment on Martin, Vu, Kellas, and MetcalfK Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Q J Exp Psychol A 52:841-52; discussion 853-5. 1999..The effect is an empirical finding and not a fundamental tenet of the reordered access model... - The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readersKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA
Psychol Aging 21:448-65. 2006.... - Transposed-letter effects in reading: evidence from eye movements and parafoveal previewRebecca L Johnson
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 33:209-29. 2007..Finally, the results support the notion that exterior letters play important roles in visual word recognition... - Parafoveal processing within and between wordsBarbara J Juhasz
Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06424, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 62:1356-76. 2009..There were no significant interactions between item type and parafoveal preview, suggesting that it is the syntactic predictability of the noun that is driving the large preview effect... - Using E-Z Reader to simulate eye movements in nonreading tasks: a unified framework for understanding the eye-mind linkErik D Reichle
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Psychol Rev 119:155-85. 2012..e., decisions about when to move the eyes). These findings suggest that some aspects of the eye-mind link are flexible and can be configured in a manner that supports efficient task performance... - The time course of phonological and orthographic processing of acronyms in reading: evidence from eye movementsTimothy J Slattery
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Psychon Bull Rev 13:412-7. 2006.... - Phonological typicality does not influence fixation durations in normal readingAdrian Staub
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 35:806-14. 2009..Implications for research on visual word recognition are discussed... - On the segmentation of Chinese words during readingXingshan Li
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
Cogn Psychol 58:525-52. 2009..A simple model of Chinese word segmentation and word recognition is presented to account for the data... - Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readersKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
Psychol Aging 24:755-60. 2009..These 2 characteristics (smaller and more symmetric span) of older readers may be a consequence of their less efficient processing of nonfoveal information, which results in a riskier reading strategy... - Eye movements when looking at unusual/weird scenes: are there cultural differences?Keith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0109, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 35:254-9. 2009..The present study, along with other recent reports, raises doubts about the notion that cultural differences can influence oculomotor control in scene perception... - Previewing the neighborhood: the role of orthographic neighbors as parafoveal previews in readingCarrick C Williams
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 32:1072-82. 2006..This is consistent with a model of word recognition in which early stages largely depend on excitation of letter information, and competition between lexical candidates becomes important only in later stages... - Binocular coordination of the eyes during reading: word frequency and case alternation affect fixation duration but not fixation disparityBarbara J Juhasz
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 59:1614-25. 2006..Additional analyses also showed no difference in fixation disparity between reading and a nonlinguistic task. Implications of these results for split-fovea models of reading are discussed... - Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual searchKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 62:1457-506. 2009..Research dealing with "real-world" tasks and research utilizing the visual-world paradigm are also briefly discussed... - Eye movements and visual encoding during scene perceptionKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0109, USA
Psychol Sci 20:6-10. 2009..Thus, although the same neural mechanisms control eye movements in scene perception and reading, the cognitive processes associated with each task drive processing in different ways... - Distributional effects of word frequency on eye fixation durationsAdrian Staub
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, 430 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 36:1280-93. 2010.... - Estimating the effect of word predictability on eye movements in Chinese reading using latent semantic analysis and transitional probabilityHsueh Cheng Wang
Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 63:1374-86. 2010..We found influences of TP on first-fixation duration and gaze duration and of LSA on total time. The results suggest that TP reflects an early stage of lexical processing while LSA reflects a later stage... - Serial processing is consistent with the time course of linguistic information extraction from consecutive words during eye fixations in reading: a response to Inhoff, Eiter, and Radach (2005)Alexander Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 32:1485-9. 2006..In this reply, the authors demonstrate via argumentation and simulations that their data pose no serious problem for the E-Z Reader model or serial attention models in general... - Attention to one word at a time in reading is still a viable hypothesis: rejoinder to Inhoff, Radach, and Eiter (2006)Alexander Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 32:1496-500. 2006..W. Inhoff et al. deem to be unrealistic (i.e., instantaneous shifting of attention) is easily modified within the architecture of the model... - Investigating the effects of a set of intercorrelated variables on eye fixation durations in readingBarbara J Juhasz
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 29:1312-8. 2003..Word length only significantly predicted fixation durations after refixations on the target words were taken into account. This is the 1st experiment to demonstrate concreteness and AoA effects on eye fixations... - Immediate and delayed effects of word frequency and word length on eye movements in reading: a reversed delayed effect of word lengthAlexander Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 34:726-50. 2008..Pollatsek, K. Reichle, & E. D. Rayner, 2006c; E. D. Reichle, A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, & K. Rayner, 1998)... - Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver-operating characteristic analyses: does a cultural difference truly exist?Kris Evans
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 62:276-85. 2009..The similarity of eye movement patterns and recognition memory behaviour suggests that both Americans and Chinese use the same strategies in scene perception and memory... - Preview benefit during eye fixations in reading for older and younger readersKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
Psychol Aging 25:714-8. 2010.... - Eye movements and the use of parafoveal word length information in readingBarbara J Juhasz
Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06424, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 34:1560-79. 2008..The 4 experiments converge in demonstrating that an important role of parafoveal word length information is to direct the eyes to the center of the parafoveal word... - Still no phonological typicality effect on word reading time (and no good explanation of one, either): a rejoinder to Farmer, Monaghan, Misyak, and ChristiansenAdrian Staub
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 37:1326-8. 2011..We also question Farmer et al.'s claim that interleaving syntactic structures in an experiment modifies grammatically based syntactic expectations... - Directional processing within the perceptual span during visual target localizationHarold H Greene
Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA
Vision Res 50:1274-82. 2010.... - Eye movements and word skipping during reading: effects of word length and predictabilityKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 37:514-28. 2011..Furthermore, because the long words extended beyond the word identification span, the data indicate that skipping can occur on the basis of partial information in relation to word identity... - Eye movements and non-canonical reading: comments onKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA
Vision Res 49:2232-6. 2009..Furthermore, we do not consider that Kennedy and Pynte's arguments pose serious difficulties for serial models of reading such as E-Z Reader... - Parafoveal processing of word n + 2 during reading: do the preceding words matter?Bernhard Angele
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0109, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 37:1210-20. 2011..Furthermore, we did not observe any evidence of parafoveal lexical preprocessing of word n + 2 in either experiment... - Eye movements and display change detection during readingTimothy J Slattery
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 37:1924-38. 2011.... - Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n + 2? Evidence from eye movementsJinmian Yang
Department of Psychology, Unioversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 35:1192-204. 2009..Moreover, there was evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects in Chinese reading in both experiments. Implications of these results for models of eye movement control are discussed... - Parafoveal and foveal processing of abbreviations during eye fixations in reading: making a case for caseTimothy J Slattery
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 37:1022-31. 2011..In particular, readers may be biased to process capitalized letter strings as initialisms in parafoveal vision when the rest of the sentence is normal, lowercase letters... - The effect of the frequencies of three consecutive content words on eye movements during readingTimothy J Slattery
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
Mem Cognit 35:1283-92. 2007..These findings indicate that word frequency has effects beyond initial lexical access in reading. A list of the experimental items and supplemental analyses may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive... - Top-down and bottom-up effects in pure alexia: evidence from eye movementsRebecca L Johnson
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Neuropsychologia 45:2246-57. 2007..Due to the disrupted bottom-up processes caused by damage to the Visual Word Form Area or the input connections to it, pure alexic patients rely more heavily on intact top-down information in reading... - The time course of plausibility effects on eye movements in reading: evidence from noun-noun compoundsAdrian Staub
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 33:1162-9. 2007.... - Effects of context on eye movements when reading about possible and impossible eventsTessa Warren
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 34:1001-10. 2008..These results suggest that contextual information did not eliminate initial disruption but moderated it quickly thereafter... - Tests of the E-Z Reader model: exploring the interface between cognition and eye-movement controlAlexander Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Cogn Psychol 52:1-56. 2006.... - The lack of pseudohomophone priming effects with short durations in reading and namingHye Won Lee
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Exp Psychol 52:281-8. 2005..The results suggest that pseudohomophone priming doesn't occur at an early stage of reading (in the first 60 ms from the beginning of fixation), but occurs at a later stage (within the first 200 ms)... - Eye movements of highly skilled and average readers: differential effects of frequency and predictabilityJane Ashby
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Q J Exp Psychol A 58:1065-86. 2005..It appears that reading skill can interact with predictability to affect the word recognition processes used during silent reading... - Vowel processing during silent reading: evidence from eye movementsJane Ashby
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 32:416-24. 2006..In both experiments, shorter reading times were observed for targets preceded by concordant previews than by discordant previews. Implications for models of word recognition are discussed... - An eye-movement-contingent probe paradigmGretchen Kambe
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
Psychon Bull Rev 10:661-6. 2003..Priming effects were observed, since probe reaction time to related probes was faster than that to unrelated probes. Ways in which this paradigm can be used to study various issues in language processing are discussed... - Eye movements of older and younger readers when reading disappearing textKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Psychol Aging 26:214-23. 2011..This is compelling evidence that for both older and younger readers, cognitive/lexical processing has a very strong influence on when the eyes move in reading... - The processing of consonants and vowels in reading: evidence from the fast priming paradigmHye Won Lee
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
Psychon Bull Rev 9:766-72. 2002..g., late-like). The results suggest that the processing of consonants is more rapid than that of vowels, providing further evidence for the distinction between consonant and vowel processing in the reading of English... - The E-Z reader model of eye-movement control in reading: comparisons to other modelsErik D Reichle
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Behav Brain Sci 26:445-76; discussion 477-526. 2003..Finally, we provide a brief overview of what is known about the neural systems that support the various components of reading, and suggest how the cognitive constructs of our model might map onto this neural architecture... - Eye movements and phonological parafoveal preview: effects of reading skillKathryn H Chace
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
Can J Exp Psychol 59:209-17. 2005..The results indicate that less skilled readers do not use phonological codes to integrate information across eye movements. Indeed, the results also indicate that less skilled readers do not show normal preview benefit effects... - The influence of lexical and conceptual constraints on reading mixed-language sentences: evidence from eye fixations and naming timesJ Altarriba
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Albany 12222, USA
Mem Cognit 24:477-92. 1996..Similar results were found in Experiment 2 using rapid serial visual presentation when subjects named the target words aloud. It appears that sentence context effects are influenced by both semantic/conceptual and lexical information... - Semantic evaluation of syntactic structure: evidence from eye movementsLyn Frazier
Department of Linguistics, South College, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Cognition 99:B53-62. 2006..By contrast, a progressive verb denotes an activity which does not require an endpoint and therefore is neutral with respect to whether or not it takes an object... - Interface problems: structural constraints on interpretation?Lyn Frazier
Department of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J Psycholinguist Res 34:201-31. 2005..The results suggest the syntactic position of a phrase is one determinant of its interpretation, as expected according to the mapping hypothesis of Diesing (1992)... - Language processing in reading and speech perception is fast and incremental: implications for event-related potential researchKeith Rayner
Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Biol Psychol 80:4-9. 2009.... - Linguistic focus affects eye movements during readingS Birch
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Mem Cognit 25:653-60. 1997..We conclude that the enhanced memory representations for focused information found in previous studies may be due in part to differences in reading patterns for focused information... - Global context effects on processing lexically ambiguous words: evidence from eye fixationsG Kambe
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Mem Cognit 29:363-72. 2001.... - Simple rotary motion is integrated across fixationsAlexander Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
Percept Psychophys 64:1120-9. 2002.... - Eye-movement control in direction-coded visual searchH H Greene
Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48219 0900, USA
Perception 30:147-57. 2001..The results of the study suggest that despite noise in the search mechanism, fixation durations were adjusted to process directly the currently fixated element(s)... - The role of phonological codes in integrating information across saccadic eye movements in Chinese character identificationA Pollatsek
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 26:607-33. 2000..The evidence for the extraction of semantic information from parafoveal previews was mixed, as synonym previews facilitated in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 1... - Eye movements and familiarity effects in visual searchH H Greene
Psychology Department, University of Detroit Mercy, Box 19900, Detroit, MI 48219 0900, USA
Vision Res 41:3763-73. 2001..Results revealed a wider span of effective processing for familiar distractors. A hypothesis based on low-level physiological processes is introduced to account for the familiarity effect... - Eye movement control in reading: accounting for initial fixation locations and refixations within the E-Z Reader modelE D Reichle
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Vision Res 39:4403-11. 1999.... - Word frequency effects and eye movements during two readings of a textG E Raney
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607 7137, USA
Can J Exp Psychol 49:151-72. 1995..In addition, replacing a target with a synonym did not increase processing time for the replacement word. This suggests that conceptual repetition was sufficient for obtaining repetition effects when reading text... - How should reading be taught?Keith Rayner
University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA
Sci Am 286:84-91. 2002 - Extraction of information to the left of the fixated word in readingK S Binder
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 25:1162-72. 1999..The data suggest that readers often still attend to a word after it is skipped and that when readers fixate a word, they occasionally attend to the word after they have begun to fixate the next word... - Effects of contextual predictability and transitional probability on eye movements during readingSteven Frisson
Department of Psychology, New York University, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 31:862-77. 2005..Their data also show that predictability effects are detectable very early in the eye-movement record and between contexts that are weakly constraining... - Eye movements and lexical ambiguity resolution: investigating the subordinate-bias effectSara C Sereno
Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 32:335-50. 2006..Results are discussed in relation to the reordered access model, in which both meaning frequency and prior context affect access procedures... - The influence of parafoveal word length and contextual constraint on fixation durations and word skipping in readingSarah J White
Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Durham, England
Psychon Bull Rev 12:466-71. 2005..Taken together, the data suggest that parafoveal word length preview and predictability can act as a joint constraint on the decision of when and where to move the eyes... - Eye movements when reading disappearing text: is there a gap effect in reading?Simon P Liversedge
Department of Psychology, Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Vision Res 44:1013-24. 2004..A persistent visual object throughout fixation caused refixations and even when a fixated word had disappeared (or been masked), there were significant effects of word frequency and word length... - Early morphological effects in reading: evidence from parafoveal preview benefit in HebrewAvital Deutsch
School of Education, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
Psychon Bull Rev 10:415-22. 2003.... - Eye movements and word skipping during reading revisitedDenis Drieghe
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 31:954-9. 2005..Experiment 2 also showed significant skipping of nonwords similar to the target word, indicating skipping based on partial information... - Binocular coordination of the eyes during readingSimon P Liversedge
Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
Curr Biol 16:1726-9. 2006..29 deg), and that saccade metrics for each eye are computed on the basis of that fused signal... - The binocular coordination of eye movements during reading in children and adultsHazel I Blythe
Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Vision Res 46:3898-908. 2006..However, children made a higher proportion of crossed fixations than adults. We found no influence of word frequency on children's fixations and on binocular coordination in adults... - Mislocated fixations can account for parafoveal-on-foveal effects in eye movements during readingDenis Drieghe
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 61:1239-49. 2008..These observations are all compatible with a mislocated fixation account in which parafoveal-on-foveal effects result from saccadic undershoots of word(n+1) and with a serial model of eye movement control during reading... - Children's and adults' processing of anomaly and implausibility during reading: evidence from eye movementsHolly S S L Joseph
University of Durham, Durham, UK
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 61:708-23. 2008.... - Focus identification during sentence comprehension: evidence from eye movementsKevin B Paterson
School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 60:1423-45. 2007..Experiment 3 showed that this effect was absent when only was omitted. We conclude that the surface position of a focus particle modulates focus identification during on-line sentence comprehension... - The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readersGuoli Yan
Research Center of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, China
Br J Psychol 97:259-68. 2006..However, word frequency modulated the effect of character frequency. The effect of character frequency was attenuated with high frequency target words while it was quite apparent with low frequency target words... - The orthographic uniqueness point and eye movements during readingBrett Miller
Haskins Laboratories, St New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Br J Psychol 97:191-216. 2006..Our results are at odds with the naming and lexical decision data and prove problematic for models that predict OUP effects... - Binocular coordination of eye movements during readingSimon P Liversedge
Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK
Vision Res 46:2363-74. 2006..Finally, eye dominance did not modulate fixation disparity magnitude or the proportion of disparate fixations... - Eye movements when reading transposed text: the importance of word-beginning lettersSarah J White
School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 34:1261-76. 2008..The findings have important implications for the roles of different letter positions in word recognition and the effects of parafoveal preview on word recognition processes... - Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: evidence from eye movementsXuejun Bai
Academy of Psychology and Behaviour, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 34:1277-87. 2008..The data from both experiments clearly indicated that words, and not individual characters, are the unit of primary importance in Chinese reading... - Eye movements and the modulation of parafoveal processing by foveal processing difficulty: A reexaminationSarah J White
Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Durham, England
Psychon Bull Rev 12:891-6. 2005..These results have important implications for understanding the way in which foveal load influences parafoveal processing during reading... - Letter transpositions within and across morphemesKiel Christianson
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 6990, USA
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 31:1327-39. 2005..Experiment 3 extended the results to agentive derivational morphology (boaster). The results are discussed in the context of visual word recognition... - Examining the word identification stages hypothesized by the E-Z Reader modelEyal M Reingold
University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Psychol Sci 17:742-6. 2006..Results were consistent with the E-Z Reader model: This faint presentation had a robust influence on the duration of fixations on the target word without substantially altering the processing of the next word...
Research Grants
- TRAINING IN APPLIED AND BASIC COGNITIONKeith Rayner; Fiscal Year: 2007..Postdoctoral trainees are selected who can best benefit from the interdisciplinary collaborative research experiences offered by the program. ..
- FOVEAL AND PARAFOVEAL CODES IN READINGKeith Rayner; Fiscal Year: 2007..The experiments and the modeling work should make it possible to better understand skilled reading and why some people do not read well. ..
- The nature and time course of phonological representations in readingKeith Rayner; Fiscal Year: 2007..This research should be useful in understanding representational processes in general, reading development, skilled reading, and the relationship between foveal and parafoveal word recognition processes. ..