C Poole

..Five studies examined treatment outcome. The effect of DHPS mutations on treatment outcome has not been well studied, and the few studies that have been conducted are inconsistent even as to the presence or absence of an association...

..The evaluation of infant meconium as a cumulative matrix of prenatal toxicant exposure requires comparison to established biomarkers of prenatal exposure...

..abstract:..

..When individuals experience all components of two or more sufficient causes, the outcome must be recurrent. In addition to effects on rates and risks, effects on incidence time itself should be considered...

..In the near future, both epidemiologic and laboratory research in this area are expected to grow appreciably in scope and scale...

..A long-held view links higher socioeconomic status (SES) to higher rates of childhood leukaemia. Some recent studies exhibit associations in the opposite direction...

..5; 95% CI: 0.8, 2.8) and solders (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 7.1). The detailed exposure information available in this study has provided additional clues about the role of parental occupation as a risk factor for neuroblastoma...

..This method requires the assignment of a single score to each exposure category. We examined how closely meta-analytical categorical regression approximates the results of analysis based on the individual-level continuous exposure...

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..69, 95% CI 0.29-1.6), whereas either factor alone had a null association. Future research of GST-diet interactions and SCCHN would benefit from larger, population-based studies...

..Although the basic outline of the criteria has evolved little, their applications, interrelations, and relative contributions to causal judgments have been the subject of continued and sometimes contentious debate...

..Thus, our data provide preliminary evidence that low LDL-C may be associated with higher occurrence of PD, and/or that statin use may lower PD occurrence, either of which finding warrants further investigation...

..In addition, we assessed the impact of radiation fractionation and chemotherapeutic regimen on timing...

..Hazardous air pollutants are plausible candidate exposures for autism spectrum disorders. They have been explored in recent studies for their role in the development of these disorders...

..5. An alternative proxy-the residential outdoor PM2.5 concentration measured adjacent to participant homes-has few advantages under this assumption...

..These bounds on causal effect under uncontrolled confounding complement standard sensitivity analyses by providing a range within which the causal effect must lie given the validity of the assumptions...

..Few studies presented data describing the association between prostate cancer and obesity (e.g., early-adult BMI > or = 30). The exact relationships between early-life body size and prostate cancer remain unclear but appear to be weak...

..In both examples, conditioning on the common effect imparts an association between two otherwise independent variables; we call this selection bias...

..To understand the relationship of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) because the APOE epsilon4 allele is linked to Alzheimer disease...

..Selenium is an essential trace element found in cereals, wheat, dairy products, meat, and fish. This micronutrient may prevent carcinogenesis through several biochemical pathways; one suggested pathway is enhanced apoptosis...

..The association of central adiposity with incident heart failure (HF) has yet to be studied in a large population-based study...

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..In summary, the proposed trivariate random effects models are novel and can be very useful in practice for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies...

..6% (95% uncertainty interval: 15.6, 46.5)...

..Disease-specific reporting completeness proportions ranged from 0% to 82%, but were generally low even for diseases with great public health importance and opportunity for interventions...

..Such methods commonly rely on the estimated correlation between ambient and personal PM(2.5) concentrations (r). However, studies of r have not been systematically and quantitatively assessed for publication bias or heterogeneity...

..To assess the impact of geographic health services factors on the timely diagnosis of autism...

..Investigators studying exposures that are unlikely to be eradicated given current prevention efforts, such as obesity, should consider estimating the GIF to avoid overestimates of population impact...

..We note the benefit of using the randomized trial as a conceptual model, even for design and interpretation of observational studies in social epidemiology...

..001 was estimated among stable couples with low prevalences of high-risk cofactors, and represents a lower bound. Cofactor effects are important to include in epidemic models, policy considerations, and prevention messages...

..Identified patient and study characteristics may be responsible for some, but not all, of this inconsistency. A large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, a pooled analysis of patient-level data, or both may resolve this issue...

..Importantly, weight loss, stage at diagnosis, or time from diagnosis to blood draw did not appear to produce strong bias in our study...

..The authors hypothesized that any association between PD and APOE alleles and genotypes would be too small to be detected or precisely estimated by an individual case-controlled study...

..This analysis shows the importance of consortia, like the OCAC, in either confirming or refuting the validity of putative findings in studies with smaller sample sizes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12):3567-72)...

..To estimate summary standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of non-AIDS cancers among HIV-infected individuals compared with general population rates overall and stratified by gender, AIDS, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era...

..Under the recessive model, the summary estimate was POR = 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.70-1.23). We conclude that there is no or little association between DRD3 rs6280 polymorphisms and prevalence of TD...

..4, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 8.4). This preliminary finding may be due to bias, confounding, or chance, and additional studies are needed for confirmation...

..To assess and summarize the published literature on the extent to which bacterial vaginosis may increase the risk of HIV acquisition...

..With increasing tea consumption, the risk increased for coronary heart disease in the United Kingdom and for stroke in Australia, whereas the risk decreased in other regions, particularly in continental Europe...

..Public health is far more complex than merely applying epidemiology...

..6; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-2.8), whereas maternal exposure was not. Overall, there was scant supportive evidence of strong associations between parental exposures in electromagnetic spectrum and neuroblastoma in offspring...

..SE phage type 4 was associated with international travel and consumption of undercooked eggs prepared outside the home. The use of ill controls can be a useful tool in identifying risk factors for sporadic cases of Salmonella...

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..The results from this time-series analysis, which provides evidence of an increase in preterm birth risk with exposure to PM10 and SO2, are consistent with prior investigations of spatial contrasts...

..These findings suggest that pregnancy steroid hormone levels are risk factors for breast cancer...

..Thus, observed associations with these surrogate measures may not be a reflection of pregnancy hormone exposure and should be interpreted with caution...

..There is also a need for further research to investigate the temporal sequence of assaults and subsequent health outcomes by assessing physical health status before and after victimization...

..To estimate the efficacy of third-generation (3G) chemotherapy agents (paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and irinotecan) on response and survival in stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..Family history of breast cancer might be a marker of susceptibility to a range of leukemia risk factors, whose effects are generally weak or nonexistent when considered alone...

..We evaluated the current medical literature in an effort to critique the literature and to document the reported prevalences of end-organ damage after neonatal candidemia...

..Associations between family history of breast cancer and leukemia incidence may be the result of unmeasured, shared etiologies specific to these cancers...

..To estimate the prevalence of preventable drug-related hospital admissions (PDRAs) and to explore if selected study characteristics affect prevalence estimates...

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..We hope that the STROBE statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies...

..To understand how Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired and the role that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may have, we determined whether an association between HSV and H pylori exists at the individual level and for what reason...

..In case-control studies, when odds ratios estimate rate ratios or risk ratios, trends in odds ratios can reflect trends in incidence in the underlying population...

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..Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (www.strobe-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research...

..Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research...

..We hope that the STROBE statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies...

..Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research...