William C Miller

..The HIV epidemic in Russia has increasingly involved reproductive-aged women, which may increase perinatal HIV transmission...

..In order to guide local programs in the choice of selective screening criteria, we examined the performance of previously proposed screening criteria for C. trachomatis...

..The identification of these persons is a critical public health challenge. We developed targeted approaches for detecting HIV RNA in persons with negative serological tests...

..Greater effort must be devoted to reducing this disparity and to understanding the underlying mechanisms of disease persistence in the United States...

..The primary objective of this commentary is to address whether we are losing ground in our efforts to prevent chlamydial infection and its complications...

..Although screening for Chlamydia trachomatis is widely recommended among young adult women, little information is available regarding the prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections in the general young adult population...

..Respondents with functional income were less likely to report testing than were those without functional income, particularly in the South and Northeast. Variable HIV testing based on finances and insurance should be addressed...

..The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the general population of the United States is unknown. This study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of trichomoniasis among young adults in the United States...

..Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture...

..To facilitate the efficient use of these tests, we sought to develop a risk score algorithm for identifying likely AHI cases and targeting the tests towards those individuals...

..To measure associations among depression, sexual risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) among white and black youth in the United States...

..Despite widespread condom promotion for HIV prevention, prospective measurement of condom use before and after HIV testing is infrequent...

..We explored associations between MC of the primary sex partner and women's risk of acquisition of chlamydial (Ct), gonococcal (GC), or trichomonal (Tv) infections...

..Semen was the most sensitive single specimen, and, in 25.6% of cases, only semen specimens tested positive. Thus, prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in men is underestimated if only 1 specimen is tested...

..Incarceration may contribute to HIV transmission by disrupting stable partnerships and promoting high-risk partnerships. We investigated incarceration and high-risk partnerships among African Americans in North Carolina...

..To develop selective screening guidelines appropriate for community settings, the authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Wave III (April 2, 2001, to May 9, 2002)...

..We sought to determine whether perceiving everyday racism and racial segregation influence Black HIV testing behavior...

..However, many African countries do not have a standardized protocol for partner notification, and the effectiveness of partner notification has not been evaluated in developing countries ...

..We estimated the contribution of early infection to HIV incidence in Lilongwe, Malawi, and predict the future effect of hypothetical prevention interventions targeted at early infection only, chronic infection only, or both stages...

..Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted pathogen. Wet mount microscopy performs poorly compared with culture; however, universal screening using culture would be cost-prohibitive...

..We used nationally representative data to examine whether individuals' sexual and drug behavior patterns account for racial disparities in sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV prevalence...

..11, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.39). Thus, earlier initiation of sexual intercourse is strongly associated with STIs for older adolescents but not for young adults over age 23 years...

..Correctional-facility and community-based HIV prevention, with substance abuse treatment, should reach currently and formerly incarcerated individuals and their sexual partners...

..Alternative screening methods are required for diagnosis of acute HIV infection; such screening could be important for research and for prevention of the sexual transmission of HIV in select populations...

..Sexual partner mixing by age is common among adolescents and adults. Although adolescent girls with older male partners are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infection, the importance of this association in young adults is unclear...

..To contribute to the understanding of sexual partnership patterns in this region, we estimated partnership lengths, temporal gaps between partners, and periods of overlap across partners at an STI clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi...

..Among men presenting for care for symptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Malawi, trichomoniasis is not considered for first-line treatment...

..Future research is needed to determine whether the proportions of adolescents receiving recommended STD screening have increased over time...

..Young people in South Africa are at high risk of HIV infection. Because first sexual experiences may influence a young person's HIV risk, a better understanding of coital debut is needed...

..We conducted a prospective study to evaluate methods of detecting clients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) who were acutely coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Lilongwe, Malawi...

..Knowledge of the existence, position, and magnitude of barriers to equitable healthcare is an important consideration in shaping healthcare policies...

..To develop and evaluate screening algorithms to predict current chlamydial and gonococcal infections in emergency department (ED) settings and assess their performance...

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..CONCLUSION: Elevated concentrations of vaginal fluid neutrophil defensins at 24-29 weeks' gestation might predict preterm birth before 32 weeks...

..vaginalis in male partners required multiple specimens. The majority of male sexual partners in this study were infected, emphasizing the importance of partner evaluation and treatment...

..We explored the effect of hormonal contraceptive use, specifically oral contraception (OC), and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on Trichomonas vaginalis infections in women...

..North Carolina has added nucleic acid amplification testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to standard HIV antibody tests to detect persons with acute HIV infection who are viremic but antibody-negative...

..We describe the national and regional prevalence of self-reported chlamydial infection (Ct) testing and examine how financial resources might be associated with Ct testing...

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..Among those persons with psychiatric illness, psychiatric comorbidity (multiple simultaneous diagnoses) is associated with increased psychiatric severity and higher HIV risk behaviors...

..This study assessed the extent of and characteristics associated with repeat HIV testing in persons presenting to a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic...

..Sexual partnership mixing patterns are an important characteristic of sexual networks that relate to transmission dynamics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)...

..The aim is to produce more reliable maps of disease rates in small areas to improve identification of spatial trends at the local level...

..The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence, timing, and outcomes of hospital-based diagnoses of preterm labor...

..This study sought to determine the proportion of African Americans newly seeking sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis who previously had obtained HIV counseling and testing...

..6 [95% CI, 2.2-9.5]) but not in women with a lower educational level (OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.7-3.4]). Vaginal lactobacilli may be associated with trichomoniasis in women with higher levels of education or a related behavioral factor...

..Studies are underway to determine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of interventions designed for individuals with AHI...

..In the absence of antibodies, p24 antigen and RNA typically indicate acute HIV infection. We conducted a field evaluation of the Determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo rapid test (Combo RT)...

..The purpose of our study was to identify perceptions about existing barriers to and ideal services for STDs, especially asymptomatic screening, among young people in a southeastern community...

..Understanding young adults' perceived risk of chlamydial and gonococcal infection can inform interventions to reduce the prevalence of these sexually transmitted diseases...

..Other individual factors such as risk behaviors or community factors such as income inequality could play a more critical role for adolescent STDs than family SES...

..These differences should be considered when developing strategies to better address the health needs of Latino youth...

..Between 25% and 35% of infants born to HIV-infected mothers become HIV-1 infected. One potential route of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) could be through a breakdown in the placental barrier (i.e., maternal-fetal microtransfusions)...

..To explore the effect of pain symptoms and improvements in pain on depression outcomes...

..We present a novel application of the concept of risk or rate advancement to compute the extent of delay in adoption of an effective new drug in 2 German health insurance systems...

..The presence of positive social interaction may be an important factor influencing care-seeking behavior after diagnosis...

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..Such treatment should be strongly considered as part of empirical therapy for urethritis in men in Malawi and places where T vaginalis infection in men is common...

..We sought to describe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment among women with chronic pelvic pain...

..Implications for the implementation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV routine screening guidelines are discussed...

..Influencing adolescents' sexual behaviors has the potential to influence trajectories of risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young adults...

..Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) provide new technology that makes it feasible to initiate testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infection outside of clinic settings...

..The extent of bias from using self-reported STI data, and whether bias varies by sex and race, is largely unknown. This gap is addressed using a large, nationally representative sample...

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..To evaluate a pilot prevention of mother-to-child transmission post-natal programme in Lilongwe, Malawi, through observed retention and infant diarrhoeal rates...

..This model enabled a systematic approach to reaching community members and documenting the steps taken to do so...

..Although a substantial role of AHI in the sexual transmission of HIV is biologically plausible, the significance of AHI in the epidemiological spread of HIV remains uncertain...

..For clinical research settings in which vaginal specimens are not available and culture conditions are not feasible, urine-based PCR-ELISA may be useful for the detection of trichomoniasis in women...

..Young adults report a range of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings that may influence the success of efforts to screen for curable STDs in nonclinic settings...

..Injury surveillance is an ongoing process required for primary, secondary, and tertiary injury prevention. In Malawi, hospital-based injury data are not available...

..Furthermore, clinicians should consider study samples carefully to determine whether results are generalizable to their specific patient population...

..To determine whether group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections increase the risk of developing symptoms characteristic of the diagnosis pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)...

..We sought to evaluate whether there are unique characteristics associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) within a population that has chronic pelvic pain...

..The laboratory and the clinician must both be aware of the sensitivity and specificity of each testing method in use in the clinical laboratory...

..The objective of this study was to assess parental opinion about sexuality education in public schools in North Carolina, a state with mandated abstinence education...

..To expand scientific knowledge about the health of minority populations, investigators should be expected to state which goal they have selected and why that goal is appropriate as compared with other possible goals...

..Our objectives were 1) to document the prevalence of a trauma history among women seeking routine gynecologic care and 2) to evaluate a 4-item screening instrument for PTSD for triaging women with a trauma history for further evaluation...

..To maximize the potential benefit of counseling and testing, interventions need to be designed to target those at highest risk of not returning...

..However, if resources are available, universal screening should be considered in high-prevalence settings...

..HIV/STI knowledge increased significantly and nearly all adolescents intended to use condoms at next intercourse after viewing the CD-ROM. However, there were no significant differences measured between CD-ROM and comparison groups...

..To assess whether male circumcision of the primary sex partner is associated with women's risk of HIV...

..Of the three tools evaluated, the OST is the simplest and has the best potential for use in clinical practice...

..Thus, our data provide preliminary evidence that low LDL-C may be associated with higher occurrence of PD, and/or that statin use may lower PD occurrence, either of which finding warrants further investigation...

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..To assess the effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on concentrations of HIV in blood, we did a prospective cohort study in Malawi...

..The Russian HIV-1 epidemic has been driven by injection drug use...

..Appropriate policy and program planning require accurate prevalence estimates. Yet most estimates are based on screening instruments, which are likely to overstate true prevalence...

..We estimated HIV prevalence rates among young adults in the United States...

..We examined the cost-effectiveness of providing first-line treatment for male trichomoniasis in Malawi, a condition not commonly considered in syndromic management throughout sub-Saharan Africa...

..MI/SA consistently predict poorer antiretroviral adherence, suggesting that affected patients should be at higher risk of poor virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

..We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 4 tests for the identification of TV using 3 statistical approaches...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing (RT) program...

..To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI)...

..Furthermore, we will obtain critical, new information regarding STI epidemiology in southeastern U.S., a region with disproportionate burden of these infections. ..

..Furthermore, we will obtain critical, new information regarding STI epidemiology in southeastern U.S., a region with disproportionate burden of these infections. ..

..Furthermore, we will obtain critical, new information regarding STI epidemiology in southeastern U.S., a region with disproportionate burden of these infections. ..

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