F Gigliotti

..An IgG1 switch variant of one of the IgM monoclonal antibodies was also protective. These experiments provide a model for exploring the utility of this approach in protecting at-risk patients from infection with P. carinii...

..Use of the newly proposed names for P. carinii should not be mandated by journal reviewers or editors...

..We speculate, based on these results, that transmission from normal host to normal host, as an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection, could be a way to maintain this opportunistic pathogen in the environment...

..carinii determines the ultimate outcome of PCP. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of PCP should lead to the development of improved therapies for the treatment of PCP...

..Thus, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells are a key contributor to the inflammatory lung injury associated with PCP. However, we were unable to demonstrate an in vivo effect of these cells on the course of P. carinii infection...

..carinii directly impairs pulmonary function and contributes to the pathogenesis of PCP. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cells likely contribute to the respiratory compromise observed during PCP...

..carinii surface glycoprotein were conserved in the recombinant polypeptide, and to investigate its glycosylation by insect cells. B-cell epitopes were retained, but the insect cells appeared to hyperglycosylate the recombinant protein...

..The antigens identified by these MAbs merit further investigation regarding protective immunity to P. carinii because they were recognized by B cells in the context of recovery from P. carinii pneumonia...

..carinii. Moreover, CD8(+) lymphocytes are involved in the mechanism leading to surfactant dysfunction...

..These studies suggest that other antigens in addition to gpA need to be evaluated for their role in protective immunity against P. carinii...

..carinii demonstrated 156 identical residues, including 46 cysteines, further supporting the hypothesis for conserved secondary structure, as well as function, for gpA from all P. carinii...

..carinii to the lung epithelium...

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..carinii alone or undepleted P. carinii/TBI mice. Together, these results indicate that P. carinii infection can sensitize the lung to subsequent TBI-mediated lung injury via a process dependent on non-alloreactive CD4(+) T cells...

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..The necessity of complement for optimal PCP prophylaxis by MAb 4F11(G1) suggests that complement may play a role in antibody-mediated protection against development of PCP...

..Compared to mice immunized with thioredoxin alone, mice immunized with A12-thioredoxin had significantly reduced lung P. carinii burdens after CD4+ T-cell depletion and challenge with P. carinii...

..In the absence of CD4(+) cells, CD8(+) T cells produced a nonprotective, pathological immune response. These data suggest that the interplay of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells affects the ultimate outcome of PcP-related IRD...

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..carinii-stimulated AECs. These data demonstrate that AECs respond to P. carinii in a proinflammatory manner that may contribute to the generation of immune-mediated lung injury...

..This study supports a key role of parenchymal cell TNFRs in lung injury induced by Pc and a potential protective effect of receptors on radiosensitive, bone marrow-derived cells...

..Thus, the anti-human CD3 monoclonal Ab OKT3, which is already in clinical use, has the potential to be developed as an adjunctive therapy for PcP...

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..carinii DNA. We hypothesize that this patient's clinical presentation denotes immune reconstitution syndrome in response to residual P. carinii antigen in the lung...

..carinii derived from multiple hosts and will permit testing of the epitopes recognized by this antibody in immunization against P. carinii...

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..These data suggest that perinatal hyperoxia adversely affects alveolar development by disrupting the proper timing of type II cell proliferation and differentiation into type I cells...

..Ventilation did not increase apoptosis in alveolar type II cells, as measured by TUNEL staining. Ventilation at low tidal volumes leads to a mild inflammatory response and alveolar epithelial cell proliferation...

..These findings support a role for MLK3 in viral production during influenza infection...

..We sought to identify the immunologic and virologic factors associated with a robust response to hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment...

..Given the global regulatory functions of the NF-kappaB family, these findings suggest that Pneumocystis directly alters AEC gene expression in a manner that promotes pulmonary immune and inflammatory responses...

..This observation has important implications for therapeutic strategies designed to attenuate long-term chronic lung disease after oxidant injury...

..Taken together, these data show that p21-mediated cytoprotection against hyperoxia involves regulation of Bcl-XL and is uncoupled from its ability to inhibit proliferation...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a possible link between some cases of SIDS and infection with P. carinii should be further evaluated and that infection of young infants may serve as an important reservoir for human P. carinii...

..To examine the relationships between physical growth and medications prescribed for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with HIV...

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..Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy includes a backbone of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Toxicities associated with NRTIs are not fully defined in children...

..Four to 8 days of DOT resulted in a significant drop in the viral load of all six children, demonstrating that short course DOT is an effective way to document poor compliance with antiretroviral therapy...

..These results provide support for further studies of vaccine strategies to prevent mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission...

..Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (QHPV) is > 95% effective in preventing infection with vaccine-type human papillomavirus. The safety and immunogenicity of QHPV are unknown in HIV-infected children...

..The impact of low dose widespread exposure to vancomycin vs. high dose limited exposure on the microbiologic flora in the neonatal intensive care unit should be further examined...

..Live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) prevents more cases of influenza in immune-competent children than the trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). We compared the antibody responses to LAIV or TIV in HIV-infected children...

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..These findings indicate that specific antibody plays an important role in Pneumocystis clearance from lungs of infected neonates; moreover, this process occurs without inducing inflammation in the lungs...

..Once an acquired immune response was initiated, the P. carinii f. sp. muris organisms were quickly eliminated without clinical signs of disease...

..We also show that there is no difference in Pneumocystis burdens between wild-type and knockout mice, which supports the idea that neutrophils do not have a major role in the clearance of this organism...

..Although participant characteristics are difficult to modify, the authors identified several potentially modifiable site practices that could be targeted to improve retention...

..Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with hypercholesterolemia in HIV-infected children. Few longitudinal studies have been conducted to examine this association, however...

..If this hypothesis is proven correct, the information gained from the proposed studies can be utilized to develop new therapeutic modalities to improve the morbidity and mortality resulting from PCP. ..

..carinii. Information resulting from these experiments will serve to define the feasibility of using an immunologic approach to the control of PCP in immunocompromised humans. ..

..This training program has as its goal producing well-trained physician-scientists who are capable of developing their own independent research programs in areas relevant to infections in the immunocompromised host. ..

..The experiments outlined in this proposal are designed to lead to a translational clinical trial designed to improve the management of patients with P. carinii pneumonia. ..

..Successful completion of this project will aid in the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of PCP...

..We will also determine the microbiologic effect of combining passive antibody therapy with conventional antimicrobial therapy. ..