Research Topics
| Martin FlajnikSummaryAffiliation: University of Maryland Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Diversity and repertoire of IgW and IgM VH families in the newborn nurse sharkLynn L Rumfelt
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
BMC Immunol 5:8. 2004..This nurse shark study examined the IgM and IgW VH repertoire from birth through adult life, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of these gene families...- Construction of a nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and a preliminary genome surveyMeizhong Luo
Arizona Genomics Institute, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
BMC Genomics 7:106. 2006.... - Evolution of innate and adaptive immunity: can we draw a line?Martin F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 1559, USA
Trends Immunol 25:640-4. 2004..Although we draw no startling conclusions, we hope to encourage different thought patterns when viewing immune systems... - Immunology: the origin of sweetbreads in lampreys?Martin Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Curr Biol 21:R218-20. 2011..A new study in lampreys indicates that the pharyngeal epithelium of the gill basket supports the development of T-like cells, suggesting the existence of a primitive thymus in these oldest of vertebrates... - Comparative genomics of the MHC: glimpses into the evolution of the adaptive immune systemM F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Room 13 009, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
Immunity 15:351-62. 2001.... - Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressuresMartin F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Nat Rev Genet 11:47-59. 2010..We offer insights into the latest advances in this field and speculate on the selective pressures that led to the emergence and maintenance of the AIS... - Comparative analyses of immunoglobulin genes: surprises and portentsMartin F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Nat Rev Immunol 2:688-98. 2002.... - IgD, like IgM, is a primordial immunoglobulin class perpetuated in most jawed vertebratesYuko Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:10723-8. 2006..Our study suggests that IgD/W has played varied roles in different vertebrate taxa since the inception of the adaptive immune system, and it may have been preserved as a flexible locus over evolutionary time to complement steadfast IgM... - Insight into the primordial MHC from studies in ectothermic vertebratesM F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
Immunol Rev 167:59-67. 1999.... - Two ancient allelic lineages at the single classical class I locus in the Xenopus MHCM F Flajnik
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
J Immunol 163:3826-33. 1999..Surprisingly, the alpha3 domains are homogenized in both lineages, suggesting that interallelic gene conversion/recombination maintains the high sequence similarity... - Localization and differential expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the amphibian Xenopus upon antigen stimulation and during early developmentShauna Marr
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
J Immunol 179:6783-9. 2007..This study highlights the conserved involvement of XlAID during Ag-dependent B cell responses in Xenopus but also suggests another role in B cell differentiation earlier in ontogeny... - Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genesY Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
Immunogenetics 49:171-82. 1999..Similar to LMP7 and class Ia,TAP2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest levels in intestine and spleen... - Shark immunity bites back: affinity maturation and memory response in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratumHelen Dooley
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Eur J Immunol 35:936-45. 2005..However, our data suggest that there may also be specific lineages for the different forms (pentameric versus monomeric) of the IgM isotype... - Immunoglobulins in the eggs of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratumAshley N Haines
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W Baltimore Street, Rm 13 009, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
Dev Comp Immunol 29:417-30. 2005..Using monoclonal antibodies, we establish the presence of two classes of Igs in nurse shark eggs: 7S IgM and IgNAR. The potential transfer of immunoglobulins from elasmobranch eggs is discussed... - Somatic hypermutation and junctional diversification at Ig heavy chain loci in the nurse sharkKarolina Malecek
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
J Immunol 175:8105-15. 2005..The cis-regulatory elements targeting somatic hypermutation must have already existed in the ancestral Ig gene, before H and L chain divergence... - First molecular and biochemical analysis of in vivo affinity maturation in an ectothermic vertebrateHelen Dooley
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:1846-51. 2006..Because the family clones were all obtained after immunization, they provide insight into the in vivo maturation mechanisms, in general, and for single-domain antibody fragments... - Ancestral organization of the MHC revealed in the amphibian XenopusYuko Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, 655 West Baltimore Street, BRB13 009, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Immunol 176:3674-85. 2006..Thus, the amphibian MHC is the most evolutionary conserved MHC so far analyzed... - Four primordial immunoglobulin light chain isotypes, including lambda and kappa, identified in the most primitive living jawed vertebratesMichael F Criscitiello
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Eur J Immunol 37:2683-94. 2007.... - An evolutionarily mobile antigen receptor variable region gene: doubly rearranging NAR-TcR genes in sharksMichael F Criscitiello
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Howard Hall, Suite 324, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:5036-41. 2006..Furthermore, these data support the view that gamma/delta TcRs have for long used structural conformations recognizing free antigen... - Maturation of shark single-domain (IgNAR) antibodies: evidence for induced-fit bindingRobyn L Stanfield
Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
J Mol Biol 367:358-72. 2007..In addition, a residue in the HV4 loop plays an important role in antibody-antigen interaction, consistent with the high rate of somatic mutations in this non-CDR loop... - The plasticity of immunoglobulin gene systems in evolutionEllen Hsu
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Immunol Rev 210:8-26. 2006.... - Evolutionarily conserved and divergent regions of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene: a comparative analysisMark Saltis
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Immunogenetics 60:105-14. 2008..These findings reveal a very rapid evolution of certain regions of aire during vertebrate evolution and support the existence of an aire-dependent mechanism of T cell tolerance dating back at least to the emergence of bony fish... - Shark Ig light chain junctions are as diverse as in heavy chainsMarshall Fleurant
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
J Immunol 173:5574-82. 2004.... - Hypermutation in shark immunoglobulin light chain genes results in contiguous substitutionsSusan S Lee
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Immunity 16:571-82. 2002..We suggest this is one of several pathways of hypermutation diversifying shark antigen-receptor genes--point mutations, tandem mutations, and mutations with a G-C preference--that coevolved with or preceded gene rearrangement... - Structural analysis, selection, and ontogeny of the shark new antigen receptor (IgNAR): identification of a new locus preferentially expressed in early developmentMarilyn Diaz
Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Immunogenetics 54:501-12. 2002.... - Selection and characterization of naturally occurring single-domain (IgNAR) antibody fragments from immunized sharks by phage displayHelen Dooley
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
Mol Immunol 40:25-33. 2003..This approach can therefore be considered as an alternative route for the isolation of minimal antigen-binding fragments with favorable characteristics... - Molecular cloning of C4 gene and identification of the class III complement region in the shark MHCTokio Terado
Department of Experimental Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu-shi, Shiga, Japan
J Immunol 171:2461-6. 2003.... - Two highly divergent ancient allelic lineages of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) gene in Xenopus: further evidence for co-evolution among MHC class I region genesYuko Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Eur J Immunol 33:3017-27. 2003..Furthermore, like the LMP7 lineages, the TAP lineages were detected in most Xenopus species that diverged from a common ancestor 80-100 MYA, suggesting that the 'class I region' biallelic lineages are under balancing selection... - Unprecedented multiplicity of Ig transmembrane and secretory mRNA forms in the cartilaginous fishLynn L Rumfelt
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
J Immunol 173:1129-39. 2004..Furthermore, these Tm cDNAs are prototypical and the truncated variants may translate as more stable protein at the cell surface... - Immunology: another manifestation of GODMartin F Flajnik
Nature 430:157-8. 2004 - Homologs of CD83 from elasmobranch and teleost fishYuko Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Immunol 173:4553-60. 2004..These results suggest that the role of CD83, an adhesion molecule for cell-mediated immunity, has been conserved over 450 million years of vertebrate evolution... - Proteasome, transporter associated with antigen processing, and class I genes in the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum: evidence for a stable class I region and MHC haplotype lineagesYuko Ohta
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Immunol 168:771-81. 2002..These data further support the principle of a primordial class I region with few class I genes. Finally, multiple paternities in one family were demonstrated, with potential segregation distortions... - Crystal structure of a shark single-domain antibody V region in complex with lysozymeRobyn L Stanfield
Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Science 305:1770-3. 2004.... - Cloning and characterization of Xenopus beta2-microglobulinRebecca Stewart
School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Dev Comp Immunol 29:723-32. 2005.... - J chain in the nurse shark: implications for function in a lower vertebrateValerie S Hohman
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J Immunol 170:6016-23. 2003..Analysis of J chain sequences in diverse species is in agreement with accepted phylogenetic relationships, with the exception of the earthworm, suggesting that the reported presence of J chain in invertebrates should be reassessed... - Immunogenetics: alternative strategies in adaptive immunity and the rise of comparative immunogenomicsMartin F Flajnik
Curr Opin Immunol 19:522-5. 2007 - Xenopus class II A genes: studies of genetics, polymorphism, and expressionYu Liu
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, P O Box 016960, R 138, Miami, FL 33101, USA
Dev Comp Immunol 26:735-50. 2002..Surprisingly, transcript sizes of class II A alleles/isotypes are diverse, suggesting that Xenopus class II allelic lineages are very old... - The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii: implications for the primordial function of CD45Taeko Nagata
Department of Biosystems Science, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shonan Village, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
Immunogenetics 54:286-91. 2002..It is likely that CD45 was recruited to activate lymphocytes through antigen receptors encoded by rearranging genes in jawed vertebrates... - Immunoglobulin heavy chain exclusion in the sharkKarolina Malecek
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
PLoS Biol 6:e157. 2008..This regulation may be shared by higher vertebrates in which additional mechanistic and regulatory elements have evolved with their structurally complex IgH locus... - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases from elasmobranchs reveal structural conservation within vertebratesSimona Bartl
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, CA 95039, Moss Landing, USA
Immunogenetics 55:594-604. 2003..Thus, unlike other molecules of adaptive immunity, TdT is a member of an ancient gene family with a clear gene phylogeny and a high degree of similarity, which implies the existence of TdT ancestors in jawless fishes and invertebrates... - The last flag unfurled? A new immunoglobulin isotype in fish expressed in early developmentMartin F Flajnik
Nat Immunol 6:229-30. 2005
Research Grants
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin F Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2010..We are especially interested in studying the structure and function of human immune molecules (the antibody isotype IgD and the ??? T cell receptor), whose functions have not been well defined. ..
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2007..We are especially interested in studying the structure and function of human immune molecules (the antibody isotype IgD and the ??? T cell receptor), whose functions have not been well defined. ..
- ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MHCMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2007..tropicalis), we will begin to analyze the modes of silencing in the tetraploids and eventually the higher order octo- and dodecaploid individuals. ..
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2009..We are especially interested in studying the structure and function of human immune molecules (the antibody isotype IgD and the ??? T cell receptor), whose functions have not been well defined. ..
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2009..We are especially interested in studying the structure and function of human immune molecules (the antibody isotype IgD and the ??? T cell receptor), whose functions have not been well defined. ..
- Highly Stable, Anthrax-specific Shark Antibody FragmentMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2004....
- EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 1999..It is likely that NAR will be the first characterized novel antigen recognition molecule in a long line awaiting discovery. ..
- ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MHCMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2003....
- ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MHCMartin Flajnik; Fiscal Year: 2009..tropicalis), we will begin to analyze the modes of silencing in the tetraploids and eventually the higher order octo- and dodecaploid individuals. ..