ROBERT EDWIN BOOTH

..We evaluated the effects of an individual intervention versus a network intervention on HIV-related injection and sexual risk behaviors among street-recruited opiate injection drug users in 5 Ukraine cities...

..To assess gender differences in drug and sex risk behaviors and evaluate predictors of HIV-related sex risk behaviors among heterosexual injection drug users (IDUs) in Ukraine...

..To assess the HIV serostatus of injection drug users (IDU) in Ukraine, as well as associations between serostatus and selected demographic and risk factors...

..In light of the overall young age of the Ukrainian IDUs observed in this study, the consistent finding that younger IDUs were at highest risk foreshadows a worsening HIV epidemic in Ukraine...

..Although desire for treatment, or motivation, was associated in univariate analyses with greater retention, there were no differences observed between the motivational interviewing and risk reduction interventions...

..The drug and HIV epidemics in Odessa, as well as all of Ukraine, call for urgent public health measures to impact and improve the health of its citizens...

..After controlling for age differences, stimulant injectors remained at higher risk in their needle and sex risk behaviors. Without intervention, it is likely that HIV will increase among stimulant injectors...

..Findings lend support to street outreach efforts designed to increase rates of treatment entry among chronic out-of-treatment drug injectors. Additional treatment options are required for those abusing cocaine...

..To identify characteristics, including current high-risk drug and sex behaviors, associated with self-reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Ukraine...

..Results from this study show that time in treatment can affect many aspects of the participant's life in a positive way, including reduction of HIV risk...

..This comprises one of the few existing literature reviews focusing solely on sex risk behaviors within in this population, which is vital for moving the field forward and developing successful interventions...

..To assess the effectiveness of a brief human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling intervention compared to a more time-consuming and expensive street-based intervention with injection drug users (IDUs)...

..We investigated whether there were gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates and whether substance dependence mediated any gender differences found...

..At follow-up, significant improvements were reported on drug and alcohol use, mental and emotional health, and employment. The results indicate that case management services are useful to help crack-using women improve their lives...

..A logistic regression model was built using forward stepwise method to determine independent associations between variables of interest and MA injection. The study's limitations are noted, and implications are described...

..Antisocial behavior might be described as a distribution, with AASB and ASPD defined by increasingly extreme points...

..The identification of predictors of treatment entry may be useful for treatment centers in engaging certain populations of drug users. Behavioral interventions are an important tool in recruiting drug injectors into treatment...

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..Risk factors associated with positive HCV status were identified so that those who are most at-risk for HCV might be targeted for testing and subsequent prevention or care...

..Interventions designed for older drug users should focus on sex risk behaviors, especially among those who smoke crack...

..LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence...

..IS ratios, joint-line positions, and clinical outcomes were no different between the groups. It appears that femoral component design may play a substantial role in development of patellar clunk after posterior-stabilized TKA...

..Analyses will also evaluate differences between IDUs who are HIV infected (estimated at 42%) and those who are not infected. ..

..We hypothesize that clients in CM/FTA will have higher treatment entry and retention rates, a stronger relationship with their counselor and reduce their risks more than CM participants. ..

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..HCV and HIV pre- and post-test counseling will be required of all subjects at baseline, six months and 12 months. ..

..We hypothesize that clients in CM/FTA will have higher treatment entry and retention rates, a stronger relationship with their counselor and reduce their risks more than CM participants. ..

..2006b). ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Findings from this investigation are intended to lead to the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users. ..

..The study will be evaluated using formative and summative methodologies with emphasis on assessing intervention dose response and its relation to outcomes. ..

..The impact of contextual factors (in particular, the street addict role) and psychological co-morbidity (anxiety, depression and anti-social personality disorder), on risk behaviors will also be assessed. ..

..We hypothesize that clients in CM/FTA will have higher treatment entry and retention rates, a stronger relationship with their counselor and reduce their risks more than CM participants. ..