Robert C Bailey

..However, the public health impact of large-scale male circumcision programs for HIV prevention is unclear...

..Most studies have been limited in size and have not adequately controlled for religion, so these relationships remain unclear...

..We recommend pilot interventions making safe circumcision services available in conjunction with current HIV prevention strategies and evaluating the safety and acceptability of circumcision...

..A serious concern is whether male circumcision can be provided safely to large numbers of adult males in developing countries...

..Our aim was to determine whether male circumcision had a protective effect against HIV infection, and to assess safety and changes in sexual behaviour related to this intervention...

..To study the differences in sexual practices, hygienic behaviors, and other HIV risk factors between circumcised and uncircumcised men...

..Further studies are needed in other regions to assess the feasibility of introducing acceptable male circumcision information and services to reduce HIV transmission...

..More knowledge is required to assist individuals and communities in making those decisions. We conclude with recommendations for future research...

..The well-established connection between HIV risk behavior and place of residence points to the importance of geographic clustering in the potential transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI)...

..We identified risks of self-reported penile coital injuries in men 18 to 24 years old in a randomized trial of circumcision to prevent HIV in Kisumu, Kenya...

..The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive, prospective evaluation of risk compensation, comparing circumcised versus uncircumcised controls in a sample of RCT participants...

..The densities and positions of HIV-1 target cells in the foreskin tissue of these Kenyan men indicate that the inner mucosal surface of the human foreskin contains cells that make it highly susceptible to HIV infection...

..g. microbicide or vaccine trials), or in response to treatment provision (e.g., anti-retroviral therapy)...

..To investigate sexual practices and risk factors for prevalent HIV infection among young men in Kisumu, Kenya...

..However, in populations of young, single men in generalized epidemic settings, interventions should promote consistent condom use in all sexual encounters, independently of partner type and characteristics...

..STI prevention interventions often aim to reduce HIV incidence. Understanding STI risks may lead to more effective HIV prevention...

..We examined the effect of male circumcision on the acquisition of 3 nonulcerative sexually transmitted infections (STIs)...

..To evaluate whether sexual intercourse soon after adult male circumcision affected HIV risk...

..High levels of plasmid-mediated resistance and increasing MICs for cephalosporins suggest that selective pressure from antibiotic use is a strong driver of resistance emergence...

..Numerous studies have demonstrated that male circumcision (MC) reduces the incidence of the Type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among heterosexual men by at least half...

..Preference for circumcision was increased with understanding that circumcised men are less likely to become infected with HIV...

..The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of introducing MC in the Altagracia Province and to qualitatively assess the knowledge and acceptability of MC among men, women, and health providers...

....

..Because differences in culture and beliefs between Haitians and Dominicans could potentially influence their acceptability of MC, we conducted a comparative analysis based on national origin...

..Adult foreskin mucosa had greater susceptibility to infection with HIV(bal) than cervical mucosa or the external surface of foreskin tissue. Circumcision likely reduces risk of HIV-1 acquisition in men by decreasing HIV-1 target cells...

..There is concern that men may engage in risk compensation after becoming circumcised, diminishing the benefits of male circumcision...

..Currently, several other African countries are in the early stages of implementing this intervention...

..Emphasis should be placed on current immunization, prolonging exclusive breastfeeding, and improving access to nutrient-rich foods among adopted children and their families via community-based nutrition interventions...

....

..If MC services are introduced in Malawi, acceptance is likely to vary by region, but many parents and young men would use the services if they were safe, affordable and confidential...

..We examined male circumcision outcomes among young adults in an African setting...

..Limited data are available on whether sampling from the penile shaft or urethra increases detection of penile HPV infection in men beyond that found in the glans and coronal sulcus...

..Since MC is little practiced in the high HIV prevalence regions of Africa, the results of this trial could have a very significant impact on the HIV/AIDS pandemic. ..

..Since MC is little practiced in the high HIV prevalence regions of Africa, the results of this trial could have a very significant impact on the HIV/AIDS pandemic. ..