E B Breitschwerdt

Summary

Affiliation: North Carolina State University
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings
    Sd Gaunt
    IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME, USA
    Parasit Vectors 3:33. 2010
  2. ncbi Molecular evidence supporting Ehrlichia canis-like infection in cats
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    J Vet Intern Med 16:642-9. 2002
  3. ncbi Infection with Bartonella weissii and detection of Nanobacterium antigens in a North Carolina beef herd
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Departments of Clinical Sciences and Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 39:879-82. 2001
  4. ncbi Bartonella species as a potential cause of epistaxis in dogs
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 43:2529-33. 2005
  5. ncbi A confusing case of canine vector-borne disease: clinical signs and progression in a dog co-infected with Ehrlichia canis and Bartonella vinsonii ssp. berkhoffii
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Parasit Vectors 2:S3. 2009
  6. ncbi Molecular evidence of perinatal transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae to a child
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606 1428, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 48:2289-93. 2010
  7. ncbi Isolation of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype II from a boy with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and a dog with hemangiopericytoma
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 47:1957-60. 2009
  8. ncbi Rickettsia rickettsii transmission by a lone star tick, North Carolina
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 17:873-5. 2011
  9. ncbi Isolation of Bartonella quintana from a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 45:270-2. 2007
  10. ncbi Bartonella sp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction
    E B Breitschwerdt
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 46:2856-61. 2008

Detail Information

Publications118 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings
    Sd Gaunt
    IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME, USA
    Parasit Vectors 3:33. 2010
    ..abstract:..
  2. ncbi Molecular evidence supporting Ehrlichia canis-like infection in cats
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    J Vet Intern Med 16:642-9. 2002
    ..canis-like infection in cats must be interpreted with caution...
  3. ncbi Infection with Bartonella weissii and detection of Nanobacterium antigens in a North Carolina beef herd
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Departments of Clinical Sciences and Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 39:879-82. 2001
    ..The epidemiology, vector biology, and potential pathogenicity of these organisms in cattle deserve future consideration...
  4. ncbi Bartonella species as a potential cause of epistaxis in dogs
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 43:2529-33. 2005
    ..These cases, in conjunction with previously published reports, support a potential role for Bartonella spp. as a cause of epistaxis in dogs and potentially in other animals, including humans...
  5. ncbi A confusing case of canine vector-borne disease: clinical signs and progression in a dog co-infected with Ehrlichia canis and Bartonella vinsonii ssp. berkhoffii
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Parasit Vectors 2:S3. 2009
    ..or Babesia spp.) and the difficulties in microbiological confirmation of an active Bartonella infection, all of which make the disease pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis more problematic...
  6. ncbi Molecular evidence of perinatal transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae to a child
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606 1428, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 48:2289-93. 2010
    ..Historical and microbiological results support perinatal transmission of Bartonella species in this family. It is of clinical relevance that Bartonella spp. may adversely influence human reproductive performance...
  7. ncbi Isolation of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype II from a boy with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and a dog with hemangiopericytoma
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 47:1957-60. 2009
    ..berkhoffii genotype II from a boy with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and a dog with hemangiopericytoma. These results suggest that B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii may cause vasoproliferative lesions in both humans and dogs...
  8. ncbi Rickettsia rickettsii transmission by a lone star tick, North Carolina
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 17:873-5. 2011
    ..This study provides molecular evidence that A. americanum ticks can function, although most likely infrequently, as vectors of Rocky Mountain spotted fever for humans...
  9. ncbi Isolation of Bartonella quintana from a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 45:270-2. 2007
    ..Prospective molecular epidemiological studies are necessary to characterize the risk of human Bartonella quintana infection following cat bites...
  10. ncbi Bartonella sp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction
    E B Breitschwerdt
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 46:2856-61. 2008
    ..Additional studies should be performed to clarify the potential role of Bartonella spp. as a cause of chronic neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction...
  11. ncbi PCR amplification of Bartonella koehlerae from human blood and enrichment blood cultures
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory and the Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
    Parasit Vectors 3:76. 2010
    ..abstract:..
  12. ncbi Bartonella species in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 13:938-41. 2007
    ..Using PCR in conjunction with pre-enrichment culture, we detected Bartonella henselae and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii in the blood of 14 immunocompetent persons who had frequent animal contact and arthropod exposure...
  13. ncbi Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and related members of the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria in dogs with cardiac arrhythmias, endocarditis, or myocarditis
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 37:3618-26. 1999
    ..We conclude that B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and closely related species of alpha proteobacteria are an important, previously unrecognized cause of arrhythmias, endocarditis, myocarditis, syncope, and sudden death in dogs...
  14. ncbi Feline bartonellosis and cat scratch disease
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Dipl ACVIM, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:167-71. 2008
    ..As fleas are involved in the transmission among cats, the use of acaracide products to eliminate fleas from the environment is of critical importance to decrease the risk of B. henselae transmission among cats and to humans...
  15. ncbi Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a father and daughter with neurological disease
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC, USA
    Parasit Vectors 3:29. 2010
    ..abstract:..
  16. ncbi Hallucinations, sensory neuropathy, and peripheral visual deficits in a young woman infected with Bartonella koehlerae
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 49:3415-7. 2011
    ..Following antibiotic treatment, B. koehlerae antibodies and DNA were not detected and all symptoms resolved...
  17. ncbi Prednisolone at anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive dosages in conjunction with doxycycline does not potentiate the severity of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:141-7. 1997
    ....
  18. ncbi Doxycycline hyclate treatment of experimental canine ehrlichiosis followed by challenge inoculation with two Ehrlichia canis strains
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:362-8. 1998
    ..Spontaneous resolution of infection, induced by the dog's innate immune response, provides evidence that an E. canis vaccine, once developed, might potentially confer protective immunity against the organism...
  19. ncbi Sequential evaluation of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia ewingii, or Bartonella vinsonii
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 36:2645-51. 1998
    ..Undetected coinfection with Bartonella may also complicate the evaluation of treatment efficacy while resulting in disease manifestations that mimic ehrlichiosis...
  20. ncbi Bartonellosis: an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and human beings
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 20:8-30. 2010
    ..To provide a review of clinically relevant observations related to Bartonella species as emerging pathogens in veterinary and human medicine...
  21. ncbi Efficacy of doxycycline, azithromycin, or trovafloxacin for treatment of experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:813-21. 1999
    ..As administered in this study, trovafloxacin was as efficacious as doxycycline but azithromycin proved less efficacious, possibly due to the short duration of administration...
  22. ncbi Coinfection with three Ehrlichia species in dogs from Thailand and Venezuela with emphasis on consideration of 16S ribosomal DNA secondary structure
    J Suksawat
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 39:90-3. 2001
    ..platys sequences, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the rRNA, incorporating the consideration of secondary structure...
  23. ncbi Molecular documentation of Bartonella infection in dogs in Greece and Italy
    P P V P Diniz
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 47:1565-7. 2009
    ..berkhoffii genotypes II and III in dogs in southern Italy and provides DNA sequencing evidence of a potentially new Bartonella sp. infecting dogs in Greece and Italy...
  24. ncbi Comparative seroreactivity to Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana among cats from Israel and North Carolina
    G Baneth
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Vet Microbiol 50:95-103. 1996
    ..It also suggests that in Israel, cats are exposed to one or more antigenically different Bartonella species, sub-species or strains, that seroreact by IFA more intensely with B. quintana antigen...
  25. ncbi Persistent infection of pets within a household with three Bartonella species
    D L Kordick
    North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 4:325-8. 1998
    ..vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from the dog on 8 of 10 culture attempts. Despite extensive household contact, the pet owner was seronegative to all three species by IFA for Bartonella-specific immunoglobulin G...
  26. ncbi Molecular prevalence of Bartonella, Babesia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in dogs with splenic disease
    M Varanat
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 25:1284-91. 2011
    ..The spleen plays an important role in the immunologic control or elimination of vector-transmitted, blood-borne pathogens, including Bartonella sp., Babesia sp., and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp...
  27. ncbi Recombinant major antigenic protein 2 of Ehrlichia canis: a potential diagnostic tool
    A R Alleman
    Departments of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 39:2494-9. 2001
    ..2% overall agreement between the two assays. These data suggest that rMAP2 of E. canis could be used as a recombinant test antigen for the serodiagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis...
  28. ncbi Bartonella DNA in the blood and lymph nodes of Golden Retrievers with lymphoma and in healthy controls
    A W Duncan
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 22:89-95. 2008
    ..Golden Retrievers are more likely to develop lymphoma, suggesting a breed predisposition; however, other factors, including environment, immunity, and infection, are likely contributors to oncogenesis...
  29. ncbi Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission
    S A Billeter
    Center for Comparative Medicine and Transitional Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Med Vet Entomol 22:1-15. 2008
    ..Currently, critically important experimental transmission studies have not been performed for Bartonella transmission by many potential arthropod vectors, including ticks...
  30. ncbi Molecular and serological diagnosis of Bartonella infection in 61 dogs from the United States
    C Perez
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 25:805-10. 2011
    ..Molecular diagnosis of canine bartonellosis can be extremely challenging and often requires the use of an enrichment culture approach followed by PCR amplification of bacterial DNA...
  31. ncbi A retrospective study of ehrlichiosis in 62 dogs from North Carolina and Virginia
    J R Frank
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 13:194-201. 1999
    ....
  32. ncbi Differentiation of Ehrlichia platys and E. equi infections in dogs by using 16S ribosomal DNA-based PCR
    S I Hancock
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606-1428, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 39:4577-8. 2001
    ..These PCR primers annealed to E. platys 16S rDNA in blood samples containing high levels of E. platys organisms. Therefore, we designed and tested new PCR primers for the identification of E. equi...
  33. ncbi Cytauxzoon felis infection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 cases (1998-2004)
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:568-71. 2006
    ....
  34. ncbi Characterization of the major antigenic protein 2 of Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis and its application for serodiagnosis of ehrlichiosis
    Tamece T Knowles
    Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
    Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10:520-4. 2003
    ..ELISA and Western blot analysis confirmed that the E. chaffeensis rMAP2 failed to serologically differentiate between E. canis and E. chaffeensis infections...
  35. ncbi Detection of Bartonella henselae in the blood of 2 adult horses
    S L Jones
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 22:495-8. 2008
    ..Bartonella sp. infection has been identified in a growing number of animal species, including cats, rodents, porpoises, and canids, but has not been reported in horses...
  36. ncbi Canine Rocky Mountain Spotted fever: a retrospective study of 30 cases
    A M Gasser
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:41-8. 2001
    ..In this study, the survival rate following R. rickettsii infection was 100%...
  37. ncbi Experimental infection of cats with Tritrichomonas foetus
    J L Gookin
    Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    Am J Vet Res 62:1690-7. 2001
    ..foetus organisms colonize the ileum, cecum, and colon, reside in close contact with the epithelium, and are associated with transient diarrhea that is exacerbated by coexisting cryptosporidiosis but not treatment with prednisolone...
  38. ncbi Immunopathology of Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) in experimentally infected dogs
    B L Pappalardo
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:125-47. 2001
    ..vinsonii establishes chronic infection in dogs which may result in immune suppression characterized by defects in monocytic phagocytosis, an impaired subset of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and impaired antigen presentation within LN...
  39. ncbi PCR detection of Bartonella bovis and Bartonella henselae in the blood of beef cattle
    Natalie A Cherry
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
    Vet Microbiol 135:308-12. 2009
    ..henselae in any large ruminant species in the world and supports the need for further investigation of prevalence and pathogenic potential of B. henselae and B. bovis in cattle...
  40. ncbi Molecular characterization of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype III
    Maria B Cadenas
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 46:1858-60. 2008
    ..Several genes were amplified and sequenced for comparative sequence similarity with other strains...
  41. ncbi Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003)
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:942-7. 2005
    ..Testing for babesiosis should be pursued in dogs with clinicopathologic abnormalities consistent with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, particularly if there is a history of a recent dog bite...
  42. ncbi Concurrent bartonellosis and babesiosis in a dog with persistent thrombocytopenia
    Allison D Tuttle
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27602, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1306-10, 1280-1. 2003
    ..A PCR assay can facilitate a diagnosis of babesiosis when organisms are not evident or when serologic testing fails to detect Babesia-specific antibodies...
  43. ncbi Gastric acid secretion in Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative enteropathy
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    J Vet Intern Med 5:34-9. 1991
    ..We conclude that the combination of oxymorphone and acepromazine provides an acceptable means of restraint in dogs undergoing acid secretory studies...
  44. ncbi Evaluation of brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, spotted fever group Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Borrelia species in canine neurological diseases (109 cases)
    R M Barber
    Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 24:372-8. 2010
    ....
  45. ncbi Antinuclear antibodies can be detected in dog sera reactive to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis, or Leishmania infantum antigens
    Brian E Smith
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 18:47-51. 2004
    ....
  46. ncbi Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel
    Amanda A Gaskin
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27603, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 16:34-44. 2002
    ..Transmission of Leishmania spp. in kennel outbreaks may involve exposure to an insect vector, direct transmission, or vertical transmission...
  47. ncbi Differentiation of Haemobartonella canis and Mycoplasma haemofelis on the basis of comparative analysis of gene sequences
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606 1428, USA
    Am J Vet Res 63:1385-8. 2002
    ..To determine whether Haemobartonella canis and Mycoplasma haemofelis (formerly known as H felis [large form]) can be differentiated by use of comparative analysis of gene sequences...
  48. ncbi A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates
    Ashlee W Duncan
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Microbiol Methods 69:273-81. 2007
    ..The use of a combinational approach of pre-enrichment culture and PCR may assist in the diagnostic confirmation of bartonellosis in dogs and other animals...
  49. ncbi Bartonella henselae and Bartonella elizabethae as potential canine pathogens
    Angela M Mexas
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 40:4670-4. 2002
    ..as a cause of or a cofactor in chronic canine and human diseases of poorly defined causation...
  50. ncbi Molecular and serologic evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cats in North America
    Michael R Lappin
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:893-6, 879. 2004
    ..To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of A. phagocytophilum infection of domestic cats in North America. Results suggest that infection with the organism may be associated with clinical illness in some cats...
  51. ncbi Comparison of results for serologic testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay to determine the prevalence of stray dogs in eastern Tennessee seropositive to Ehrlichia canis
    Rebecca L Seaman
    Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
    Am J Vet Res 65:1200-3. 2004
    ..CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The discordant ELISA, IFA, and PCR results obtained in this study were unexpected and may have been related to exposure of dogs to an Ehrlichia species other than E. canis, such as E. ewingii...
  52. ncbi Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffi as a possible cause of anterior uveitis and choroiditis in a dog
    T M Michau
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Ophthalmol 6:299-304. 2003
    ..vinsonii (berkhoffi) in dogs with intraocular inflammatory disease. Furthermore, performing fluorescein angiography in dogs with elevated Bartonella titers may also prove useful in the identification and characterization of lesions...
  53. ncbi Infection of fetal feline brain cells in culture with Bartonella henselae
    K R Munana
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Infect Immun 69:564-9. 2001
    ..No evidence of infection was seen in Bartonella-inoculated astrocyte cultures. These findings suggest a role for microglia in the pathogenesis of B. henselae-associated neurological disease...
  54. ncbi Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog
    A J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Parasitol 124:151-60. 2004
    ..The organism described in this report represents a genetically unique large Babesia sp. and is the eighth genetically distinct piroplasm capable of infecting the domestic dog...
  55. ncbi Elevated serum IgA associated with immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenji dogs: lack of evidence for alpha heavy-chain disease or enhanced intestinal IgA secretion
    E V De Buysscher
    Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 20:41-52. 1988
    ..The results of this study indicate that immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis resembles closely the nonsecretory form of human immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID)...
  56. ncbi Failure to identify an association between serologic or molecular evidence of Bartonella infection and idiopathic rhinitis in dogs
    Eleanor C Hawkins
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:597-9. 2008
    ..To determine whether infection with or exposure to Bartonella spp was associated with idiopathic rhinitis in dogs...
  57. ncbi Single-tube nested PCR for detection of tritrichomonas foetus in feline feces
    Jody L Gookin
    Departments of Molecular Biomedical Sciences. Clinical Sciences. Food Animal and Health Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 40:4126-30. 2002
    ....
  58. ncbi A Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii typing scheme based upon 16S-23S ITS and Pap31 sequences from dog, coyote, gray fox, and human isolates
    Ricardo G Maggi
    Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Mol Cell Probes 20:128-34. 2006
    ..Strain typing may help to better define the reservoir potential, carriership patterns, modes of transmission, and geographic distribution for each B. vinsonii berkhoffii type...
  59. ncbi Transfusion-associated Babesia gibsoni infection in a dog
    Julie R Stegeman
    Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:959-63, 952. 2003
    ..Screening of potential blood donor dogs for Babesia spp is becoming increasingly important in the United States...
  60. ncbi Molecular identification of Ehrlichia ewingii infection in dogs: 15 cases (1997-2001)
    Robert A Goodman
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1102-7. 2003
    ..Following treatment with doxycycline, the prognosis for recovery is good...
  61. ncbi The dog as a sentinel for human infection: prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi C6 antibodies in dogs from southeastern and mid-Atlantic States
    Ashlee W Duncan
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU-CVM, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:101-9. 2005
    ..Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location...
  62. ncbi Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 18:494-8. 2004
    ..A combination of atovaquone and azithromycin is the 1st described treatment that will either eliminate B. gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections or suppress the parasitemia below the limit of detection in the majority of treated dogs...
  63. ncbi Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats
    Felicia B Nutter
    Environmental Medicine Consortium and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1394-8. 2004
    ..cati. Feral cats did have higher seroprevalences of antibodies against B. henselae and T. gondii than did pet cats, but this likely was related to greater exposure to vectors of these organisms...
  64. ncbi Development and evaluation of a seminested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606-1428, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 41:4172-7. 2003
    ..The seminested PCR test was able to detect and discriminate B. gibsoni (Asian genotype), B. canis subsp. vogeli, B. canis subsp. canis, and B. canis subsp. rossi DNA in blood samples from infected dogs...
  65. ncbi Co-isolation of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii from blood, joint and subcutaneous seroma fluids from two naturally infected dogs
    Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz
    Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606, USA
    Vet Microbiol 138:368-72. 2009
    ..and infection with these organisms should not be ruled out if specific antibodies are not detected. Specialized culture techniques should be used for isolation and to assess antibiotic efficacy...
  66. ncbi The dog as a sentinel for human infection: prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi C6 antibodies in dogs from southeastern and mid-Atlantic states
    Ashlee W Duncan
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4:221-9. 2004
    ..Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location...
  67. ncbi Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis
    P P V P Diniz
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 22:1136-43. 2008
    ..Ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs...
  68. ncbi Cross-contamination in the molecular detection of Bartonella from paraffin-embedded tissues
    M Varanat
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Pathol 46:940-4. 2009
    ..from tissue samples obtained at necropsy or processed in a multispecies histopathology laboratory will not be reliable...
  69. ncbi Assessment of urine solute and matrix effects on the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of interleukin-6 in dog urine
    Michael W Wood
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Diagn Invest 23:316-20. 2011
    ..Urine pH (5.5-9.5) had no effect. The current work underscores the importance of critically optimizing testing modalities for biomarkers, particularly if they are immunologic in origin...
  70. ncbi Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
    Sofia C Morales
    Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:681-5. 2007
    ..1 dog evaluated because of inappetence and lameness of the left hind limb of 1 day's duration and 1 dog evaluated because of inappetence, fever, and lymphadenopathy of 2 weeks' duration...
  71. ncbi Clinicopathological abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:92-101. 2004
    ..This study indicates that a diverse spectrum of disease manifestations and clinicopathological abnormalities can be detected in dogs that are seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens...
  72. ncbi Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis DNA in feline blood samples
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Parasitol 137:144-9. 2006
    ..felis 18S rRNA gene. This PCR assay can be used for the rapid clinical diagnosis of cytauxzoonosis and for epidemiological studies that will better define the geographic distribution of C. felis infection in cats...
  73. ncbi Prevalence of selected vector-borne organisms and identification of Bartonella species DNA in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)
    Sathya K Chinnadurai
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Wildl Dis 46:947-50. 2010
    ..Blood from one live otter captured in 2008 was found positive for this Bartonella sp. by both PCR and culture. The pathogenicity of this Bartonella species in river otters or other mammals is unknown...
  74. ncbi Potential limitations of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region for molecular detection of Bartonella species
    Ricardo G Maggi
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 43:1171-6. 2005
    ....
  75. ncbi Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of seven bartonella species
    Ricardo G Maggi
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 43:2651-5. 2005
    ..This liquid growth medium may provide an advantage over conventional direct blood agar plating for the diagnostic confirmation of bartonellosis...
  76. ncbi The immunologic response of dogs to Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii antigens: as assessed by Western immunoblot analysis
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Diagn Invest 15:349-54. 2003
    ..Regarding clinical accessions, there was good agreement between B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) IFA test results and WI analysis. Western immunoblot analysis can be used to detect or confirm exposure to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) in dogs...
  77. ncbi Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Bartonella based on comparative sequence analysis of the rnpB gene, 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA
    Christian Pitulle
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 1428, USA
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:2075-80. 2002
    ..It is suggested that a phylogenetic analysis incorporating the RNase P RNA, 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA be used to study the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Bartonella...
  78. ncbi Bartonella henselae in captive and hunter-harvested beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)
    Ricardo G Maggi
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Wildl Dis 44:871-7. 2008
    ..henselae ITS strains were identified in 78% of captive and free-ranging hunter-harvested belugas. These findings may have public health implications and may influence aquarium management procedures for captive marine mammals...
  79. ncbi Bartonella species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans
    Craig A Harms
    Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA
    Vet Res 39:59. 2008
    ..The detection of Bartonella spp. from cetaceans may be of pathophysiological concern...
  80. ncbi Molecular characterization of a Babesia species identified in a North American raccoon
    Adam J Birkenheuer
    North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Wildl Dis 42:375-80. 2006
    ..As piroplasmosis has been documented with increased frequency in humans in recent years, the results of this study will aid in the recognition of zoonotic babesiosis...
  81. ncbi Concurrent hepatic copper toxicosis and Fanconi's syndrome in a dog
    T L Hill
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Vet Intern Med 22:219-22. 2008
  82. ncbi Fanconi's syndrome in a dog with primary hypoparathyroidism
    L M Freeman
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
    J Vet Intern Med 8:349-54. 1994
    ..Fanconi's syndrome in this dog may have been caused by decreased serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which was secondary to decreased parathyroid hormone production...
  83. ncbi Effects of dietary protein source on Basenjis with immunoproliferative enteropathy
    E B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    Am J Vet Res 53:234-6. 1992
    ..The results of this study do not support a causal role for dietary protein source in the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis...
  84. ncbi Detection of two Bartonella tamiae-like sequences in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) using 16S-23S intergenic spacer region-specific primers
    Sarah A Billeter
    Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Med Entomol 45:176-9. 2008
    ..Bartonella DNA was not detected in A. americanum from North Carolina. Potential transmission of Bartonella spp. by A. americanum should be the focus of future experimental studies...
  85. ncbi Clinicopathologic findings in dogs seroreactive to Bartonella henselae antigens
    Robert A Goodman
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Am J Vet Res 66:2060-4. 2005
    ..Dogs may serve as natural candidates for future study of the disease in humans...
  86. ncbi Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection in the dog does not cause immunosuppression
    Paul R Hess
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 109:117-25. 2006
    ..These results suggest that immune responses are not grossly impaired in young dogs during the first several months following experimental E. canis infection...
  87. ncbi Prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in Northern Florida
    Brian J Luria
    Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 S.W. 16th Avenue, Box 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
    J Feline Med Surg 6:287-96. 2004
    ..Thus, feral cats assessed in this study appear to be of no greater risk to human beings or other cats than pet cats...
  88. ncbi Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium kansasii from pleural fluid of a dog with persistent pleural effusion
    Barrak M Pressler
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1336-40, 1313-4. 2002
    ..Routine bacteriologic culture methods are insufficient to isolate mycobacterial agents, and special methods are indicated in dogs with persistent pleural effusion...
  89. ncbi Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from Grenada
    Michael J Yabsley
    D B Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
    Vet Parasitol 151:279-85. 2008
    ..One pathogen, E. canis, is also of potential public health significance...
  90. ncbi Isolation of Candidatus Bartonella melophagi from human blood
    Ricardo G Maggi
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 15:66-8. 2009
    ..henselae. Partial 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase B, and citrate synthase genes and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated that human isolates were similar to Candidatus B. melophagi...
  91. ncbi Successful treatment of Bartonella henselae endocarditis in a cat
    Cristina Perez
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University NCSU, Raleigh, NC, United States
    J Feline Med Surg 12:483-6. 2010
    ..In conjunction with previous case reports, infective endocarditis can be associated with natural B henselae infection in cats; however, early diagnosis and treatment may result in a better prognosis than previously reported...
  92. ncbi Orchitis in two dogs with Rocky Mountain spotted fever
    Christopher P Ober
    Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:458-65. 2004
    ..While only experimentally induced RMSF is reported to cause orchitis in dogs, it should be considered in any dog with vascular insult to the testes, especially when other signs of systemic illness are involved...
  93. ncbi High prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from an Indian reservation in northeastern Arizona
    Pedro Paulo V P Diniz
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10:117-23. 2010
    ..Ehrlichia chaffeensis, or Ehrlichia ewingii DNA was detected. Dogs on this Hopi Indian reservation were most frequently infected with E. canis or A. platys; however, more than half of the dogs were exposed to a SFG-Rickettsia species...
  94. ncbi Comparative activity of pradofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and azithromycin against Bartonella henselae isolates collected from cats and a human
    Silpak Biswas
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 48:617-8. 2010
    ..By Etest and disc diffusion assay, pradofloxacin showed greater antimicrobial activity than did other antibiotics. We conclude that pradofloxacin may prove useful for the treatment of B. henselae infections...
  95. ncbi Infection and replication of Bartonella species within a tick cell line
    Sarah A Billeter
    Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Room 456, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
    Exp Appl Acarol 49:193-208. 2009
    ....
  96. ncbi Bartonella DNA in dog saliva
    Ashlee W Duncan
    North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 13:1948-50. 2007
    ..PCR and DNA sequencing were used to test oral swabs collected from dogs. Results indicated the presence of 4 Bartonella species: B. bovis, B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii...
  97. ncbi Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987-2001)
    Jason Pintar
    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:518-22. 2003
    ..Sixteen dogs underwent exploratory laparotomy, of which seven (44%) survived the perioperative period. Of the dogs that did not undergo surgery, 9/23 (39%) survived to be discharged from the hospital...
  98. ncbi Isolation of necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli from a dog with hemorrhagic pneumonia
    Edward B Breitschwerdt
    Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:2016-9, 2001. 2005
    ..Virulence typing of E. coli isolates from dogs with peracute pneumonia is recommended to further characterize the epidemiologic characteristics and public health importance of necrotoxigenic E. coli...
  99. ncbi Bartonella species bacteremia in two patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
    Patricia E Mascarelli
    Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 49:4006-12. 2011
    ..Bartonella spp. are known to induce vasoproliferative tumors in immunocompromised patients and may play a role in the development of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in immunocompetent patients...
  100. ncbi Clinical impact of persistent Bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals
    Bruno B Chomel
    Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:267-78. 2003
    ..In coyotes, persistent bacteremia is more common than in domestic dogs. It will be of interest to determine if coyotes develop clinical or pathological indications of infection...