R A Schwartz

..Since its original description 30 years ago by one of us, knowledge in this area has expanded...

..This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic features of HSV infections, providing the clinician with an up-to-date understanding of the available management strategies for mucocutaneous HSV-induced disease...

..Black piedra is caused by Piedraia hortae; white piedra is due to pathogenic species of the Trichosporon genus. Tinea nigra is also common in tropical areas and has been confused with melanoma...

..Anti-herpes virus therapy may have potential for wide use, especially in preventing the development of KS in at risk populations, such as HHV-8 seropositive individuals undergoing transplantation surgery...

..Although cutaneous metastases are relatively frequent in patients with cutaneous melanoma, they are less so from ocular melanoma...

..Chartered in 1954 as Seton Hall College of Medicine, it opened its doors in Jersey City in 1956. It was renamed as the New Jersey College of Medicine (1965-1970), and since 1970 as New Jersey Medical School...

..There are few reports of tumoral cutaneous sarcoidosis like that of our patient...

..Cutaneous disease as the first sign of metastasis is most often seen in cancer of the lung. However, its appearance as a large tumor on the nose, which was observed in this case, is unusual...

..We illustrate a case of pyoderma vegetans and review the literature on this rare disorder. Clinical and histological criteria for diagnosis are presented, as well as differentiation from some mimicking disorders...

..We review vitiligo as it relates to the pediatric population, emphasizing key differences with adults and the latest treatment advances...

..We describe these associations and emphasize the importance of depigmenting disorders...

..The recognition of these manifestations may help prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, and facilitates timely diagnosis, palliation and definitive therapy...

..In this update, we discuss the two major applications for collagen in dermatology: tissue augmentation and wound healing...

..An evaluation for retrovirus infection or other causes of immunosuppression was negative. The nodules responded to radiotherapy with cobalt-60, rapidly involuting. The patient has no evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma for over two years...

..Accordingly, we recommend consideration of punch excisions of the speckles alone if excision of the entire NS is declined...

..Its therapy, including the concept of doing it without immunocompromising the patient, will be stressed. New opportunities for Kaposi sarcoma prevention will also be discussed...

..Although the infecting organisms and treatments are the same as for other superficial fungal infections, it is frequently misdiagnosed clinically and histologically...

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..The resultant dysmetabolism is potentially life threatening. A detailed history is to identify and treat the underlying cause of this dermatitis. We present two cases of erythroderma in African patients and review this important disease...

..Epidermal stem cells may facilitate functionality of the superficial part of such a system. New experimental and clinical trials are currently under way...

..Certain varieties are associated with systemic abnormalities. Histologic findings include epidermal hyperplasia with increased pigmentation of the basal layer...

..The diagnosis depends on maintaining a high index of suspicion and being familiar with the insect fauna of the patient's environment and area of travel...

..Our patient is a good example of this; he was exposed to chickenpox at the age of 3 months (by his 2 siblings) and developed HZ at 6 years of age...

..Papular urticaria may represent a clinical challenge, particularly during spring and summer months...

..We provide a review of pseudoporphyria and compare our variant to toxic epidermal necrolysis and mimicking disorders...

..The gold standard of treatment is with systemic corticosteroids; however, potassium iodide, colchicine and other therapeutic agents have been utilized successfully...

..The three fundamental effective treatment options for head lice are topical pediculicides, wet combing, and oral therapy. Spraying or fogging a home with insecticides or pediculicides is not recommended...

..She had no cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Her massive gut involvement was not apparent clinically, even by colonoscopic examination with multiple biopsy specimens. She was diagnosed at postmortem examination...

..It produces such a dramatic and rapid response that the appearance of an infantile haemangioma should impart expeditious consideration of the risks and benefits of its use...

..This review will focus on the pharmacology and potential uses of sirolimus...

..Erythema nodosum tends to be self-limited. Any underlying disorders should be treated and supportive care provided. Pain can be managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...

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..More importantly, insulin resistance itself can also represent a threat to life. We review this important disorder...

..In all of these situations, hemangiomas are often referred due to the uncertainties that exist regarding the most efficacious diagnosis and management...

..In addition, a biopsy of SKs is not only warranted but necessary in order to identify a malignant melanoma that would otherwise be misdiagnosed or even completely missed...

..We review this entity and its implications...

..It is important to distinguish CLC, a potentially recurrent disease, from an unusual type of metastatic carcinoma of the skin called carcinoma telangiectoides...

..Perioral dermatitis is a relatively important and often enigmatic type of eczema...

..Non-specific features and symptoms along with a high incidence of amelanosis often lead to delayed diagnosis, disease progression, and a poor prognosis with challenging treatment options...

..Newer therapies such as the toll-like receptor agonist imiquimod and immunomodulating dipeptides offer promise for the treatment of HSV2 in HIV-infected individuals...

..Treatment options range from improving hygiene to topical antifungal agents and systemic antifungal agents, the latter with potentially dangerous side effects...

..It had a raised elevated border, resembling persistent fungal dermatitis (tinea corporis). However, it proved to be a squamous cell carcinoma, prompting this description and a reminder that skin cancer may mimic dermatitis...

..A relationship between DD and coronary artery disease has also been demonstrated. Thus, the presence of DD should prompt aggressive intervention to detect diabetes mellitus and prevent the development of ensuing complications...

..This is only the second report of such histology in melanoma, and to our knowledge, the first such case consisting entirely of these features. We review the literature on this rare variant of melanoma...

..We also review DCL to emphasize the importance of recognizing and treating this evolving disease in the growing population of patients on immunorestorative therapy...

..We will review the topic of actinic keratoses among these individuals as this common rudimentary form of superficial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is explored in greater detail...

..Such individuals should receive prompt antimicrobial therapy and supportive care to avoid serious and potentially fatal complications...

..Antibiotics are usually effective. Patients handled in a timely manner tend to recover without problems. However, potential complications include abscess formation, necrotizing fasciitis, septicemia, recurrent infection, and lymphedema...

..A high index of suspicion is of utmost importance in high risk individuals to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment...

..For extensive or complicated impetigo, systemic antibiotics may be warranted, but beta-lactam antibiotics should be avoided if methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) is suspected...

..Important associated disorders include ipsilateral glaucoma; intracranial melanocytosis; and rarely cutaneous, ocular, or intracranial melanoma. Recommendations are discussed for managing nevus of Ota in children...

..Herpetic whitlow may have a prodrome of burning, pruritus, and/or tingling of the affected finger or the entire limb, followed by erythema, pain, and vesicle formation...

..These open and cystically dilated comedones tend to appear in the periorbital region of the face. The clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and current treatment of this disorder are reviewed...

..This is the first time to our knowledge that an invasive squamous cell carcinoma has been described within an acrochordon...

..The KA may serve as a marker for the important autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome, the Muir-Torre syndrome, as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene...

..Clinical presentation, severity, and prognosis vary widely. Treatment is difficult, especially in HIV-positive patients. Prognosis is variable; 15% to 20% of patients may develop severe chronic sequelae...

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..Treatment options vary, focusing on avoiding skin dryness, using emollients, and adding keratolytic agents or topical steroids when necessary...

..Carotenemia caused by high beta-carotene intake does not have serious sequelae; discoloration remits with dietary modification...

..Histologically, ETN shows an abundance of eosinophils. Although it has been recognized and described for centuries, the etiology and pathogenesis of ETN remain unclear...

..Swab of punctured vesicles demonstrated HSV type II by polymerase chain reaction. One plausible explanation is HSV reactivation secondary to localized immunosuppression from corticosteroid injection...

..Dermal leiomyosarcomas rarely metastasize, unlike the subcutaneous tumors. We describe a case of the dermal type of leiomyosarcoma...

..LC may resemble other entities, such as metastatic carcinoma of the skin, lymphangiectasis, or herpes zoster. We report an unusual verruciform, zosteriform form of LC...

..CONCLUSION: Although erythema infectiosum has many distinctive symptoms, the prognosis is excellent because the condition in children is usually self-limited...

..The treatment of children with psoriasis should be handled with caution and tailored according to the child's age, as well as to the extent, distribution, and type of psoriasis...

..Wearing open-toed shoes can be beneficial for toe web intertrigo. Secondary bacterial and fungal infections should be treated with antiseptics, antibiotics, or antifungals, depending on the pathogens...

..In both children and adults EPF should be viewed as a possible cutaneous sign of immunosuppression. However, it may also be seen in persons with normal immune status. We review EPF on the 40th anniversary of its original description...

..Treatment options exist for arsenic-induced pathology, but prevention of toxicity remains the main focus. Vitamin and mineral supplementation may play a role in the treatment of arsenic toxicity...

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..Its etiology is unknown; there may be an underlying defect of dermal elastin. We discuss a patient with this unusual disorder and review its literature...

..The clinical phenotype is a result of alterations in the gene(s) for keratin 1 and/or 10. We review this disorder and its therapy, which is mainly symptomatic with emollients and retinoids...

..Part 2, to be published next month, will summarise recent insights in the pathogenesis of KS and will discuss other HHV8-related diseases such as Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma...

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..This central tumor regression is to our knowledge a unique finding in MTC...

..This family may represent a new syndrome. The PPK was of the classical nonepidermolytic histologic type. The proband also had a laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed in his early forties and nodular testicular hyperplasia of Leydig cells...

..This case followed up for such a long time provides further confirmation that this variety of KA does not show invasive growth and usually does not progress into squamous cell carcinoma...

..Periodic neurologic and cardiologic assessment with echocardiography and electrocardiography should be carried out in all patients with ECCL because of a possible progressive disease course...

..Pleural effusion lymphoma has an intermediate immunophenotype lacking B or T lymphocyte antigens and also belongs to the diseases associated with HHV8...

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..Exacerbation follows re-exposure to sunlight. In this work we review the findings of this once mysterious disorder, one that still challenges clinicians world-wide...

..We consider corrective makeup to be a well-received and valid adjunctive therapy for use during traditional long-term treatment and as a therapeutic alternative in patients in whom conventional therapy is ineffective...

..Destructive modalities, such as cryosurgery using liquid nitrogen and electrodesiccation and curettage, usually performed by a dermatologist, are the mainstays of therapy...

..The antiparasitic agent ivermectin is the drug of choice for both prophylaxis and treatment of active disease...

..The prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in parts of Africa has been on the increase as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection pandemic. However, there is a paucity of information for Nigeria...

..This regimen may be effective for extramammary Paget's disease with systemic nodular metastasis as an adjuvant therapy combined with surgery...

..Other problems such as post-scabies eczema and reinfestation, and newer treatments such as ivermectin are also discussed...

..Thus, we have expanded the clinical morphological spectrum of patients with anti-p200 pemphigoid and first described a patient whose disorder was probably drug-induced...

..Treatment options for ulcerated CHs also are described...

..It may be beneficial to recognize children in the early stage of rosacea; however, it is uncertain if prophylactic treatment is necessary...