G R Uhl

Summary

Affiliation: National Institutes of Health
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi (-)-Pentazocine induces visceral chemical antinociception, but not thermal, mechanical, or somatic chemical antinociception, in ?-opioid receptor knockout mice
    Soichiro Ide
    Research Project for Addictive Substances, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156 8506, Japan
    Mol Pain 7:23. 2011
  2. ncbi Genome wide association for substance dependence: convergent results from epidemiologic and research volunteer samples
    Catherine Johnson
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Suite 3510, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    BMC Med Genet 9:113. 2008
  3. ncbi Meta-analysis and genome-wide interpretation of genetic susceptibility to drug addiction
    Chuan Yun Li
    Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
    BMC Genomics 12:508. 2011
  4. ncbi Cocaine, reward, movement and monoamine transporters
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 7:21-6. 2002
  5. ncbi Substance abuse vulnerability loci: converging genome scanning data
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Trends Genet 18:420-5. 2002
  6. ncbi Are over-simplified views of addiction neuroscience providing too simplified ethical considerations?
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Addiction 98:872-3. 2003
  7. ncbi Polysubstance abuse-vulnerability genes: genome scans for association, using 1,004 subjects and 1,494 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 69:1290-300. 2001
  8. ncbi The top 20 dopamine transporter mutants: structure-function relationships and cocaine actions
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, PO Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 479:71-82. 2003
  9. ncbi The burden of complex genetics in brain disorders
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:223-9. 2004
  10. ncbi Molecular genetic underpinnings of human substance abuse vulnerability: likely contributions to understanding addiction as a mnemonic process
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Box 5180 Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropharmacology 47:140-7. 2004

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications127 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi (-)-Pentazocine induces visceral chemical antinociception, but not thermal, mechanical, or somatic chemical antinociception, in ?-opioid receptor knockout mice
    Soichiro Ide
    Research Project for Addictive Substances, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156 8506, Japan
    Mol Pain 7:23. 2011
    ..In this study, we investigated the role of the ?-opioid (MOP) receptor in thermal, mechanical, and chemical antinociception induced by (-)-pentazocine using MOP receptor knockout (MOP-KO) mice...
  2. ncbi Genome wide association for substance dependence: convergent results from epidemiologic and research volunteer samples
    Catherine Johnson
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Suite 3510, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    BMC Med Genet 9:113. 2008
    ....
  3. ncbi Meta-analysis and genome-wide interpretation of genetic susceptibility to drug addiction
    Chuan Yun Li
    Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
    BMC Genomics 12:508. 2011
    ..abstract:..
  4. ncbi Cocaine, reward, movement and monoamine transporters
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 7:21-6. 2002
    ....
  5. ncbi Substance abuse vulnerability loci: converging genome scanning data
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Trends Genet 18:420-5. 2002
    ....
  6. ncbi Are over-simplified views of addiction neuroscience providing too simplified ethical considerations?
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Addiction 98:872-3. 2003
  7. ncbi Polysubstance abuse-vulnerability genes: genome scans for association, using 1,004 subjects and 1,494 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 69:1290-300. 2001
    ..These data support polygenic contributions of common allelic variants to polysubstance abuse vulnerability...
  8. ncbi The top 20 dopamine transporter mutants: structure-function relationships and cocaine actions
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, PO Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 479:71-82. 2003
    ..These studies provide a strong basis for redirected studies aimed at producing dopamine- and serotonin-sparing cocaine antagonists that would represent combined DAT/SERT disinhibitors...
  9. ncbi The burden of complex genetics in brain disorders
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:223-9. 2004
    ..Few data estimate the impact of complex genetics in neuropsychiatric illness, making it likely that this impact could be underappreciated...
  10. ncbi Molecular genetic underpinnings of human substance abuse vulnerability: likely contributions to understanding addiction as a mnemonic process
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Box 5180 Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropharmacology 47:140-7. 2004
    ....
  11. ncbi Molecular genetics of substance abuse vulnerability: remarkable recent convergence of genome scan results
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse International Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1025:1-13. 2004
    ..Genomic markers that identify allelic variants that reproducibly alter addiction vulnerability in studies in several populations provide powerful tools for clinical research in addictions and addiction treatments...
  12. ncbi Molecular genetics of addiction vulnerability
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    NeuroRx 3:295-301. 2006
    ..Recently elucidation of addiction-associated haplotypes for the "cell adhesion" NrCAM gene illustrate several of these points...
  13. ncbi Molecular genetics of nicotine dependence and abstinence: whole genome association using 520,000 SNPs
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    BMC Genet 8:10. 2007
    ....
  14. ncbi Menthol Preference Among Smokers: Association With TRPA1 Variants
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 13:1311-5. 2011
    ....
  15. ncbi Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success in a trial of precessation nicotine replacement
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
    Mol Med 16:513-26. 2010
    ..These results provide further support for the idea that aid for smoking cessation may be personalized on the basis of genetic predictors of outcome...
  16. ncbi Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in the Patch in Practice trial of nicotine replacement
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Suite 3510, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Pharmacogenomics 11:357-67. 2010
    ..To confirm and extend to primary care settings prior genome-wide association results that distinguish smokers who successfully quit from individuals who were not able to quit smoking in clinical trials...
  17. ncbi Smoking and smoking cessation in disadvantaged women: assessing genetic contributions
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 104:S58-63. 2009
    ....
  18. ncbi Addiction genetics and pleiotropic effects of common haplotypes that make polygenic contributions to vulnerability to substance dependence
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    J Neurogenet 23:272-82. 2009
    ..Many of these addiction-associated haplotypes display pleiotropic influences on a variety of related brain-based phenotypes that display 1) substantial heritability and 2) clinical cooccurence with substance dependence...
  19. ncbi Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Health NIH, Intramural Research Program IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1141:318-81. 2008
    ..Heritable brain differences that underlie addiction vulnerability thus lie squarely in the midst of the repertoire of heritable brain differences that underlie vulnerability to other common brain disorders and phenotypes...
  20. ncbi Nicotine abstinence genotyping: assessing the impact on smoking cessation clinical trials
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Pharmacogenomics J 9:111-5. 2009
    ..This model helps to define the circumstances in which genetically stratified designs may enhance power and reduce costs for smoking cessation clinical trials...
  21. ncbi Molecular genetics of successful smoking cessation: convergent genome-wide association study results
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 333 Cassell Dr, Ste 3510, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:683-93. 2008
    ..Smoking remains a major public health problem. Twin studies indicate that the ability to quit smoking is substantially heritable, with genetics that overlap modestly with the genetics of vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances...
  22. ncbi Genome-wide association for methamphetamine dependence: convergent results from 2 samples
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Health Intramural Program, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:345-55. 2008
    ..We can improve understanding of human methamphetamine dependence, and possibly our abilities to prevent and treat this devastating disorder, by identifying genes whose allelic variants predispose to methamphetamine dependence...
  23. ncbi The VMAT2 gene in mice and humans: amphetamine responses, locomotion, cardiac arrhythmias, aging, and vulnerability to dopaminergic toxins
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    FASEB J 14:2459-65. 2000
    ..Examination of VMAT2 variants can provide potential insights into roles for allelic variants at these loci in variant drug responses and in diseases linked to monoaminergic systems, including substance abuse and Parkinson's disease...
  24. ncbi "Higher order" addiction molecular genetics: convergent data from genome-wide association in humans and mice
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Suite 3510, 333 Cassell Drive Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Biochem Pharmacol 75:98-111. 2008
    ..Many of the gene variants identified in this way are likely to alter specification and maintenance of neuronal connections...
  25. ncbi Cocaine reward and MPTP toxicity: alteration by regional variant dopamine transporter overexpression
    D M Donovan
    Molecular Neurobiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20857, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 73:37-49. 1999
    ..These results document a model for allelic variation at a gene locus that can exert significant effects in murine models of human substance abuse vulnerability and dopaminergic neurodegeneration...
  26. ncbi Molecular mechanisms of cocaine reward: combined dopamine and serotonin transporter knockouts eliminate cocaine place preference
    I Sora
    Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:5300-5. 2001
    ..These results provide insights into the brain molecular targets necessary for cocaine reward in knockout mice that develop in their absence and suggest novel strategies for anticocaine medication development...
  27. ncbi Murine serotonin transporter: sequence and localization to chromosome 11
    P Gregor
    National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
    Mamm Genome 4:283-4. 1993
  28. ncbi Cocaine mechanisms: enhanced cocaine, fluoxetine and nisoxetine place preferences following monoamine transporter deletions
    F S Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroscience 115:153-61. 2002
    ....
  29. ncbi A human synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter cDNA predicts posttranslational modifications, reveals chromosome 10 gene localization and identifies TaqI RFLPs
    C K Surratt
    Molecular Neurobiology, Addiction Research Center, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224
    FEBS Lett 318:325-30. 1993
    ..The cDNA, and a subclone, recognize TaqI polymorphisms that may prove useful to assess this gene's involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders involving monoaminergic brain systems...
  30. ncbi Effect of KEPI (Ppp1r14c) deletion on morphine analgesia and tolerance in mice of different genetic backgrounds: when a knockout is near a relevant quantitative trait locus
    J Drgonova
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP NIH DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroscience 165:882-95. 2010
    ..These data support roles for KEPI action in adaptive responses to repeated administration of morphine that include analgesic tolerance and drug reward...
  31. ncbi VMAT2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity
    N Takahashi
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:9938-43. 1997
    ....
  32. ncbi Human cannabinoid receptor 1: 5' exons, candidate regulatory regions, polymorphisms, haplotypes and association with polysubstance abuse
    P W Zhang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 9:916-31. 2004
    ..Post-mortem brain samples of heterozygous individuals contain less mRNA transcribed from the TAG alleles than from other CB1/Cnr1 haplotypes. CB1/ Cnr1 genomic variation thus appears to play roles in human addiction vulnerability...
  33. ncbi Cocaine reward models: conditioned place preference can be established in dopamine- and in serotonin-transporter knockout mice
    I Sora
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:7699-704. 1998
    ..These results have substantial implications for understanding cocaine actions and for strategies to produce anticocaine medications...
  34. ncbi mu opiate receptor: cDNA cloning and expression
    J B Wang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:10230-4. 1993
    ....
  35. ncbi Chromosomal localization of glutamate receptor genes: relationship to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological disorders of mice and humans
    P Gregor
    Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:3053-7. 1993
    ....
  36. ncbi Cocaine-conditioned locomotion in dopamine transporter, norepinephrine transporter and 5-HT transporter knockout mice
    F S Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP NIH DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroscience 162:870-80. 2009
    ....
  37. ncbi NrCAM in addiction vulnerability: positional cloning, drug-regulation, haplotype-specific expression, and altered drug reward in knockout mice
    Hiroki Ishiguro
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 31:572-84. 2006
    ..These observations support NrCAM as a positionally cloned and drug-regulated gene whose variants are likely to change expression and alter substance abuse vulnerabilities in human addictions and animal models of drug reward...
  38. ncbi Heterozygous VMAT2 knockout mice display prolonged QT intervals: possible contributions to sudden death
    K Itokawa
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 71:354-7. 1999
    ..These findings provide likely contributions to differences in vulnerability to lethal arrhythmias in these animals, and a candidate gene for contributions to human interindividual differences in vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmias...
  39. ncbi Mu opiate receptor gene dose effects on different morphine actions: evidence for differential in vivo mu receptor reserve
    I Sora
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 25:41-54. 2001
    ..They support the idea that functional mu receptor reserve differs among the diverse neuronal populations that mediate distinct properties of opiate drugs...
  40. ncbi Congenic C57BL/6 mu opiate receptor (MOR) knockout mice: baseline and opiate effects
    F S Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Genes Brain Behav 2:114-21. 2003
    ....
  41. ncbi Dopamine transporter site-directed mutations differentially alter substrate transport and cocaine binding
    S Kitayama
    Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Addiction Research Center National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:7782-5. 1992
    ....
  42. ncbi Human and mouse dopamine transporter genes: conservation of 5'-flanking sequence elements and gene structures
    D M Donovan
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 30:327-35. 1995
    ..These studies suggest sequence elements that are candidates to contribute to the dopamine transporter's dopaminergic cell-specific expression...
  43. ncbi Sex-dependent modulation of ethanol consumption in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout mice
    F Scott Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 28:620-8. 2003
    ..Thus, lifetime reductions in the expression of either DAT or VMAT2 increase ethanol consumption, dependent on sex...
  44. ncbi Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation and functional regulation of dopamine transporters in striatal synaptosomes
    R A Vaughan
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    J Biol Chem 272:15541-6. 1997
    ....
  45. ncbi Species differences in cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2 gene): identification of novel human and rodent CB2 isoforms, differential tissue expression and regulation by cannabinoid receptor ligands
    Q R Liu
    Mol Neurobiol Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Genes Brain Behav 8:519-30. 2009
    ..These results provide much improved information about CB2 gene structure and its human and rodent variants that should be considered in developing CB2-R-based therapeutic agents...
  46. ncbi Mapping of the taurine transporter gene to mouse chromosome 6 and to the short arm of human chromosome 3
    A Patel
    Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Genomics 25:314-7. 1995
    ..These data extend a conserved linkage group on mouse chromosome 6 and human chromosome 3p. Deletion of TAUT might contribute to some phenotypic features of the 3p- syndrome...
  47. ncbi cDNA cloning of an orphan opiate receptor gene family member and its splice variant
    J B Wang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD
    FEBS Lett 348:75-9. 1994
    ..These studies identify an orphan clone that helps to define features of the opiate receptor gene family, including apparent differential splicing and expression in peripheral tissues...
  48. ncbi Convergent genome wide association results for bipolar disorder and substance dependence
    Catherine Johnson
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150:182-90. 2009
    ..Variants in these "addiction/bipolar" genes are candidates to influence the brain in ways that manifest as enhanced vulnerabilites to both substance dependence and bipolar disorder...
  49. ncbi Dopamine transporter mutants with cocaine resistance and normal dopamine uptake provide targets for cocaine antagonism
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Mol Pharmacol 61:885-91. 2002
    ....
  50. ncbi Mouse brain localization of the protein kinase C-enhanced phosphatase 1 inhibitor KEPI (kinase C-enhanced PP1 inhibitor)
    J P Gong
    Molecular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroscience 132:713-27. 2005
    ..Dense KEPI immunoreactivity in nucleus accumbens perikarya, combined with evidence for its regulation by opiates, supports possible roles for KEPI in molecular signal transduction pathways important for drug reward and addiction...
  51. ncbi rGbeta1: a psychostimulant-regulated gene essential for establishing cocaine sensitization
    X B Wang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    J Neurosci 17:5993-6000. 1997
    ..Full, regulated rGbeta1 expression is a biochemical component essential to the establishment of a key consequence of repeated cocaine administrations, sensitization...
  52. ncbi Genetic and physical mapping of the GLUR5 glutamate receptor gene on human chromosome 21
    P Gregor
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
    Hum Genet 94:565-70. 1994
    ..Such studies may provide insights concerning the possible role of GLUR5 in Down syndrome...
  53. ncbi Ethanol consumption and reward are decreased in mu-opiate receptor knockout mice
    F S Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Researcch Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 154:43-9. 2001
    ..Differences in mu-opiate receptor (MOR) gene expression may modulate the rewarding effects of ethanol...
  54. ncbi The mu opiate receptor as a candidate gene for pain: polymorphisms, variations in expression, nociception, and opiate responses
    G R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7752-5. 1999
    ..This paper reviews current analyses of the murine and human muOR genes, their important variants, and correlations between these variants and opiate influences on pain...
  55. ncbi Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms
    Akitoyo Hishimoto
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, DHSS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Hum Mol Genet 16:2880-91. 2007
    ....
  56. ncbi Human dopamine transporter gene variation: effects of protein coding variants V55A and V382A on expression and uptake activities
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Pharmacogenomics J 3:159-68. 2003
    ..V55A expresses normally but reveals a 1.7-fold-lower Km for dopamine uptake. Individuals with these human DAT protein variants could display altered dopamine systems...
  57. ncbi Pooled association genome scanning: validation and use to identify addiction vulnerability loci in two samples
    Qing-Rong Liu
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:11864-9. 2005
    ..Pooled association genome scanning provides a useful tool for elucidating molecular genetic underpinnings of complex disorders and identifies both previously understood and previously unanticipated mechanisms for addiction vulnerability...
  58. ncbi Human brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes, splicing patterns, and assessments of associations with substance abuse and Parkinson's Disease
    Qing Rong Liu
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program NIDA IRP, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 134:93-103. 2005
    ..Association studies of BDNF variants reveal no associations with Parkinson's disease. Comparisons between substance abusers and controls reveal modest associations. These findings increase interest in this diverse human gene...
  59. ncbi The mu-opioid receptor is necessary for [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin-induced analgesia
    I Sora
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 324:R1-2. 1997
    ..The analgesia induced by this classic delta-opioid receptor agonist depends on intact mu-opioid receptors, suggesting that selective delta-opioid receptor drugs may require mu-opioid receptor occupancies for full efficacy...
  60. ncbi Long forms of the dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene VNTR are more prevalent in substance abusers: no interaction with functional alleles of the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene
    D J Vandenbergh
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Am J Med Genet 96:678-83. 2000
    ..1997: am. j. med. gen. 74:439-442]...
  61. ncbi Expression and novel subunit isoforms of glutamate receptor genes GluR5 and GluR6
    P Gregor
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
    Neuroreport 4:1343-6. 1993
    ..Potential roles for these receptors in development are indicated by detection of their mRNAs in mouse embryos of 11 days gestation. These findings add to the description of the remarkable diversity of glutamate receptor gene expression...
  62. ncbi Opiate receptor knockout mice define mu receptor roles in endogenous nociceptive responses and morphine-induced analgesia
    I Sora
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:1544-9. 1997
    ..These results implicate endogenous opioid-peptide actions at mu opiate receptors in several tests of nociceptive responsiveness and support mu receptor mediation of morphine-induced analgesia in tests of spinal and supraspinal analgesia...
  63. ncbi Human dopamine transporter gene: coding region conservation among normal, Tourette's disorder, alcohol dependence and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder populations
    D J Vandenbergh
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 5:283-92. 2000
    ..They suggest that gene variants that alter levels of DAT expression provide the best current candidate mechanism for reported associations between DAT gene markers, ADHD and other more tentatively associated neuropsychiatric disorders...
  64. ncbi Subtracted differential display: genes with amphetamine-altered expression patterns include calcineurin
    X B Wang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 53:344-7. 1998
    ..1.5-fold. SDD may enhance the utility of differential display approaches to identifying regulated genes in tissues in which mRNA complexities are high...
  65. ncbi Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in a trial with adjunctive denicotinized cigarettes
    Tomas Drgon
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
    Mol Med 15:268-74. 2009
    ....
  66. ncbi Addiction molecular genetics: 639,401 SNP whole genome association identifies many "cell adhesion" genes
    Qing-Rong Liu
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141:918-25. 2006
    ..These genes are implicated in interesting functions, including "cell adhesion" processes that help to establish and maintain neuronal connections of special relevance to addiction's memory-like features...
  67. ncbi Dopamine efflux via wild-type and mutant dopamine transporters: alanine substitution for proline-572 enhances efflux and reduces dependence on extracellular dopamine, sodium and chloride concentrations
    Masanari Itokawa
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, P O Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 108:71-80. 2002
    ..These data add to evidence for the specificity of transporter-mediated efflux processes and begin to elucidate DAT candidate domains that may be preferentially involved with efflux activities...
  68. ncbi Linkage disequilibrium, haplotype and association studies of a chromosome 4 GABA receptor gene cluster: candidate gene variants for addictions
    Tomas Drgon
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH Intramural Research Program, NIDA, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141:854-60. 2006
    ..These results are consistent with modest roles for GABRA2 variants in addiction vulnerabilities...
  69. ncbi Human mu opiate receptor. cDNA and genomic clones, pharmacologic characterization and chromosomal assignment
    J B Wang
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224
    FEBS Lett 338:217-22. 1994
    ..An MspI polymorphism, producing a 3.7 kb band, may prove useful in assessing this gene's involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders involving opiatergic systems...
  70. ncbi A greater role for the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter in murine nociception
    F S Hall
    National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroscience 175:315-27. 2011
    ..Collectively these data suggest that NET has a far greater role in determining baseline analgesia, and perhaps other analgesic effects, than SERT in mice...
  71. ncbi A human dopamine transporter cDNA predicts reduced glycosylation, displays a novel repetitive element and provides racially-dimorphic TaqI RFLPs
    D J Vandenbergh
    Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 15:161-6. 1992
    ..A TaqI RFLP is also reported that shows a race-specific difference in allelic frequencies...
  72. ncbi Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and obesity in the WAGR syndrome
    Joan C Han
    Unit on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1103, USA
    N Engl J Med 359:918-27. 2008
    ..Hyperphagia and obesity were observed in a subgroup of patients with the WAGR syndrome. We hypothesized that the subphenotype of obesity in the WAGR syndrome is attributable to deletions that induce haploinsufficiency of BDNF...
  73. ncbi Variation in a bicarbonate co-transporter gene family member SLC4A7 is associated with propensity to addictions: a study using fine-mapping and three samples
    Hiroki Ishiguro
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP, NIDA, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Addiction 102:1320-5. 2007
    ..We have focused attention on 'reproducible substance abuse vulnerability' (rSA) genomic regions, where linkage and association studies performed in several population provide evidence for such variations...
  74. ncbi Molecular neurobiological methods in marijuana-cannabinoid research
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Methods Mol Med 123:1-17. 2006
    ....
  75. ncbi Pooled association genome scanning for alcohol dependence using 104,268 SNPs: validation and use to identify alcoholism vulnerability loci in unrelated individuals from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism
    Catherine Johnson
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141:844-53. 2006
    ..The data support polygenic contributions to vulnerability to alcohol dependence. These SNPs provide new tools to aid the understanding, prevention, and treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence...
  76. ncbi Pharmacology of GABA rho 1 and GABA alpha/beta receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and COS cells
    T Kusama
    Molecular Neurobiology, Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
    Br J Pharmacol 109:200-6. 1993
    ..Thus,the rho l receptor displayed higher cooperativity.8. Unlike typical GABAA receptors, the rho l receptor was insensitive to the competitive antagonists bicuculline, SR95531, securinine, and (+)-tubocurarine...
  77. ncbi Genomic organization of the murine G protein beta subunit genes and related processed pseudogenes
    J Kitanaka
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    DNA Seq 12:345-54. 2001
    ....
  78. ncbi Retained cocaine conditioned place preference in D1 receptor deficient mice
    L L Miner
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuroreport 6:2314-6. 1995
    ..These results are consistent with the idea that the D1 receptor is involved in the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine, but has little role in a major test of the rewarding and reinforcing effects of the drug...
  79. ncbi Experimental gene interaction studies with SERT mutant mice as models for human polygenic and epistatic traits and disorders
    D L Murphy
    Laboratory of Clinical Science, Building 10, Room 3D41, 10 Center Drive, NIMH, NIH DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 1264, USA
    Genes Brain Behav 2:350-64. 2003
    ....
  80. ncbi Deletion of v7-3 (SLC6A15) transporter allows assessment of its roles in synaptosomal proline uptake, leucine uptake and behaviors
    Jana Drgonova
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res 1183:10-20. 2007
    ..The current results place v7-3 in the context of other brain transporters that accumulate proline and branched-chain amino acids...
  81. ncbi Mouse brain gene expression changes after acute and chronic amphetamine
    Boris P Sokolov
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    J Neurochem 84:244-52. 2003
    ..Each of these genes, including transcription factor, cellular regulatory, structural and other gene family members, are candidates to contribute to brain adaptations to psychostimulants...
  82. ncbi Genome-wide association for nicotine dependence and smoking cessation success in NIH research volunteers
    Tomas Drgon
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States of America
    Mol Med 15:21-7. 2009
    ....
  83. ncbi Reduced behavioral effects of cocaine in heterozygous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) knockout mice
    F Scott Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP, NIH DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1485-90. 2003
    ..Furthermore, these data support suggestions that differences in human BDNF expression may underlie associations between markers near the human BDNF gene locus and drug addiction...
  84. ncbi Dietary restriction mitigates cocaine-induced alterations of olfactory bulb cellular plasticity and gene expression, and behavior
    Xiangru Xu
    Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    J Neurochem 114:323-34. 2010
    ..The data further suggest that modification of dietary energy intake could provide a novel potential approach to addiction treatments...
  85. ncbi Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor genetics
    Emmanuel S Onaivi
    Department of Biology, William Paterson University, 07470, Wayne, NJ, USA
    Prog Neurobiol 66:307-44. 2002
    ..Therefore, understanding the physiological cannabinoid control system in the human body and brain will contribute to elucidating this natural regulatory mechanism in health and disease...
  86. ncbi The interaction of methylphenidate and benztropine with the dopamine transporter is different than other substrates and ligands
    Dalit E Dar
    National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Biochem Pharmacol 70:461-9. 2005
    ..These results indicate that methylphenidate and benztropine may interact with the DAT in a different fashion then other substrates and ligands...
  87. ncbi Dopamine transporter: basic science and human variation of a key molecule for dopaminergic function, locomotion, and parkinsonism
    George R Uhl
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Mov Disord 18:S71-80. 2003
    ..The wealth of information about this interesting molecule that has been developed over the last 12 years has led to increased interest in DAT among workers interested in both normal and abnormal movement...
  88. ncbi Rodent BDNF genes, novel promoters, novel splice variants, and regulation by cocaine
    Qing Rong Liu
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program NIDA IRP, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services DHHS, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res 1067:1-12. 2006
    ..These data suggest a role of specific BDNF promoter regions and regulatory sequences in stimulant-induced alterations in BDNF expression, and in the alterations that changed BDNF expression is likely to confer in the brain...
  89. ncbi SLC18A2 promoter haplotypes and identification of a novel protective factor against alcoholism
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Hum Mol Genet 14:1393-404. 2005
    ..0038 by Fisher's exact tests). Therefore, SLC18A2 promoter haplotypes defined here create a foundation for transcriptional characterization of individuality and for association study on monoamine-related human diseases...
  90. ncbi Comparative inter-strain sequence analysis of the putative regulatory region of murine psychostimulant-regulated gene GNB1 (G protein beta 1 subunit gene)
    Nobue Kitanaka
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    DNA Seq 14:257-63. 2003
    ....
  91. ncbi The human serotonin receptor 2B: coding region polymorphisms and association with vulnerability to illegal drug abuse
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH NIDA IRP, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Pharmacogenetics 14:805-11. 2004
    ..Here we describe a genome-scan with 391 simple sequence repeat markers in 300 Caucasians, identifying HTR2B gene as a candidate for drug abuse vulnerability...
  92. ncbi Molecular mechanisms underlying the rewarding effects of cocaine
    F Scott Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1025:47-56. 2004
    ..Overall, these studies indicate important requirements for several monoaminergic system genes to fully explain cocaine reward, in particular those expressed by dopamine and serotonin systems...
  93. ncbi mu-Opioid receptor knockout mice display reduced cocaine conditioned place preference but enhanced sensitization of cocaine-induced locomotion
    F Scott Hall
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP, NIH DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 121:123-30. 2004
    ..The reduced cocaine reward identified in heterozygous mu-opioid receptor knockout mice supports the possibility that humans with fewer available mu-opioid receptors might experience less cocaine reward...
  94. ncbi Dopamine uptake and cocaine binding mechanisms: the involvement of charged amino acids from the transmembrane domains of the human dopamine transporter
    Dalit E Dar
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 538:43-7. 2006
    ..All mutants displayed a reduction or complete loss of the maximal velocity (V(m)) of dopamine transport...
  95. ncbi Proline mutations induce negative-dosage effects on uptake velocity of the dopamine transporter
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    J Neurochem 94:276-87. 2005
    ..e. the velocity-concentration curve for DA uptake does not show a plateau with increasing [DA] but rather peaks and then goes down. These data support the view that P101 of DAT plays an essential role in DA translocation...
  96. ncbi Identification of a putative gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit rho2 cDNA and colocalization of the genes encoding rho2 (GABRR2) and rho1 (GABRR1) to human chromosome 6q14-q21 and mouse chromosome 4
    G R Cutting
    Center for Medical Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
    Genomics 12:801-6. 1992
    ..This close physical association and high degree of sequence similarity raises the possibility that one rho gene arose from the other by duplication...
  97. ncbi Structure-activity relationship of trihexyphenidyl analogs with respect to the dopamine transporter in the on going search for a cocaine inhibitor
    D E Dar
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, P O Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Med Chem 40:1013-21. 2005
    ..However, it showed few antagonistic effects in vivo. Nevertheless, this work greatly elucidates the structure-function relationships required for potential cocaine inhibitors and so lays out promising directions for future research...
  98. ncbi Common human 5' dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) haplotypes yield varying expression levels in vivo
    Tomas Drgon
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, DHSS, Box 5180, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Cell Mol Neurobiol 26:875-89. 2006
    ..5' DAT variation is thus a good candidate to contribute to individual differences in a number of human phenotypes...
  99. ncbi Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and MEK1/2 kinase regulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) require N-terminal DAT phosphoacceptor sites
    Zhicheng Lin
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    J Biol Chem 278:20162-70. 2003
    ..These results have a number of implications for DAT regulation and mandate caution in using DAT radioligand binding to infer changes in dopaminergic neuronal integrity after treatments that alter activities of these kinase pathways...
  100. ncbi Animal models of depression in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporter knockout mice: prominent effects of dopamine transporter deletions
    Maria T G Perona
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
    Behav Pharmacol 19:566-74. 2008
    ....
  101. ncbi Fine mapping of calcineurin (PPP3CA) gene reveals novel alternative splicing patterns, association of 5'UTR trinucleotide repeat with addiction vulnerability, and differential isoform expression in Alzheimer's disease
    Matthew J Chiocco
    Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH IRP, NIDA, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Subst Use Misuse 45:1809-26. 2010
    ..These data underscore the importance of calcineurin gene in the molecular mechanism of addiction and Alzheimer's diseases...