D A Savitz

..In this paper, we describe a neighborhood data collection effort tailored to a southern urban area...

..We examined the relationship between water intake measures and adverse birth outcomes in participants from three study sites in the United States...

..New strategies-rather than more applications of the same approaches used in past studies-will move the research toward identifying causal relationships and, ultimately, may suggest preventive measures...

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..Coffee and caffeine have been inconsistently found to be associated with increased risk of clinical miscarriage-a potentially important association given the high prevalence of exposure...

..5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.2 for the highest exposure quintile). These results provide some assurance that drinking water DBPs in the range commonly encountered in the United States do not affect fetal survival...

..We offer a research agenda to provide a stronger basis for evaluating the risks and benefits of smokeless tobacco as a means of reducing the adverse health effects of tobacco...

..Ultimately, the test of the approach is in improving our understanding of etiology, ideally generating stronger, more consistent associations with preterm birth subsets than have been found for preterm birth in the aggregate...

..To characterise the patterns of occurrence of gestational diabetes among a wide range of ethnic groups that reside in New York City...

..Future disaster follow-up studies would benefit substantially by having access to accurate estimates of the number of workers and information on the individuals who contributed to the cleanup and recovery effort...

..The potential for misinterpretation can be mitigated by appropriately cautious interpretation of the findings, and by reliance on expert panels to integrate evidence and to draw the behavioral and policy implications of such studies...

..The obesity epidemic raises concerns about the impact of excessive and insufficient weight gain during pregnancy...

..5; 95% CI: 0.8, 2.8) and solders (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 7.1). The detailed exposure information available in this study has provided additional clues about the role of parental occupation as a risk factor for neuroblastoma...

..Living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood has been associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, variation in the effect of neighborhood deprivation among diverse ethnic groups has not been studied...

..7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7). Socioeconomic indicators appear to have complex joint effect patterns among racial subgroups, perhaps because the material and psychological implications of education and income status differ between groups...

..To investigate the relationship between fetal fibronectin and bacterial vaginosis, which are associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery...

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..The potential association between occupational electric and magnetic field exposure and cancer is well documented in the literature, but there is uncertainty regarding a causal relation...

..11, 95 percent confidence interval: 0.64, 1.89). This study supports previous animal model work of an association between decreased frequency of eating and preterm delivery...

..4, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-4.0). Associations of tobacco use with preterm premature rupture of amniotic membrane resulting in preterm birth were notably stronger than the associations with other types of preterm birth...

..6; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-2.8), whereas maternal exposure was not. Overall, there was scant supportive evidence of strong associations between parental exposures in electromagnetic spectrum and neuroblastoma in offspring...

..To assess whether exposure to standing, lifting, night work, or long work hours during 3 periods of pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of preterm or small-for-gestational-age birth...

..Although some ethnic variation was seen, differences in effect size were not large enough to support ethnic-specific thresholds for GDM diagnosis and treatment...

..Nevertheless, a farm-by-farm method of exposure assessment may be preferable to an ever/never determination...

..There was no evidence of differential pesticide effects in subgroups of neuroblastoma defined by MYCN oncogene amplification or tumor stage...

..06; 95% CI = 1.1-4.0). No consistent dose-response patterns were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give little support to the hypothesis that electromagnetic fields cause cancer of the female breast...

..CONCLUSION: Approximately 80% of our BV cases were asymptomatic, emphasizing the need for objective risk assessment. Using six factors, clinicians can identify pregnant women at risk for BV...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate excess risk of total mortality, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers among electric utility workers, which could be related to both occupational and non-occupational risk factors...

..To determine whether stress is associated with risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnant women...

..These results suggest that, compared with nonusers, women who take multivitamin supplements prior to conception may have a reduced risk of preterm birth, but further studies are needed with a larger sample of preconceptional users...

..We assessed associations between psychosocial factors and preterm birth, stratified by race in a prospective cohort study...

..We demonstrate modeling of community-level socioeconomic influences on risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study...

..Given the complexity of the aetiological pathways, both aggregation and disaggregation are well justified and should be included in studies of the causes of preterm birth...

..The results of this study should help researchers to anticipate and better control for confounding and misclassification in studies of exposure to DBPs and pregnancy outcomes...

..Evidence that air pollution exposure influences the risk of oral clefts was limited. Suggestive results support a previously reported finding of an association between ozone exposure and pulmonary artery and valve defects...

..These data do not provide evidence for an association between occupational sunlight exposure and mortality from NHL or NHL subtypes...

..To investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and black race/ethnicity...

..These factors should be taken into consideration in DBP exposure characterization for epidemiologic studies...

..6) vs. clinic women (1.1), whereas other predictors were similar. Patterns may differ across groups for many reasons, including self-selection of clinics and varying clinical practices...

..In this study we assessed DBP exposure and testicular toxicity, as evidenced by altered semen quality...

..We examined the effects of exposure to TTHMs, haloacetic acids, and total organic halide on the probability of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant and on birth weight at term...

..However, given the large size and high quality of a number of previous studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposure and cancer, additional studies similar to past ones are unlikely to yield important new insights...

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..To evaluate the relationship between cumulative lifetime exposure to diagnostic radiation and the risk of multiple myeloma using data from a large, multi-center, population-based case-control study...

..We report on cases of multiple myeloma (MM) observed in World Trade Center (WTC) responders registered in the WTC Medical Program...

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..We sought to examine the association between narrowly defined subsets of maternal ethnicity and birth outcomes...

..Preliminary data suggest that common genetic variation in immune response genes can contribute to the risk for spontaneous preterm birth and possibly small-for-gestational age (SGA)...

..Additionally, smokers who develop these disorders have no increased risk of adverse birth outcomes relative to nonsmokers who develop the same conditions...

..Variants in the folate metabolism pathway affect the accumulation of homocysteine are modified by nutrient levels and have been linked to adverse birth outcomes...

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..Although intensive, diverse efforts were required, when recruitment efforts were maximised, we successfully recruited over 10% of the estimated number of pregnant women in the community...

..We examined the temporal pattern of smoking during pregnancy, including ethnic variation in smoking prevalence, relative to the implementation of the MSA and NYC's comprehensive tobacco control program using birth certificate data...

..This study examines the relationship of glucose intolerance during pregnancy to birth weight among black and white participants of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study...

..Anti-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in pregnancy maintenance. Genetic variation in anti-inflammatory cytokines could influence a woman's risk of adverse reproductive outcomes...

..This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth within the black population varies by maternal ancestry and nativity...

..Associations remained after control for occupational physical activity...

..Public health is far more complex than merely applying epidemiology...

..To describe study design, conduct and response, and participant characteristics...

..We examined this association for exposure to total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), 5 haloacetic acids (HAA5), and total organic halides...

..Incomplete geocoding may have resulted in a selection bias because of the under-representation of Latinas in our study population...

..Significant racial disparity in preterm birth (PTB; birth at <37 weeks' gestation) exists, poorly explained by Individual-level factors. This research explores whether neighborhood crime contributes to the racial disparity in PTB...

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..Most risk estimates were around unity, and exposure-response patterns were absent. Overall, it seems unlikely that parental exposure to pesticides plays an important role in the etiology of childhood brain cancer...

..Because vigorous leisure activity may affect timing of delivery, this study examined association between vigorous leisure activity and birth outcomes...

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..Odds ratios, but not risk differences, for birth before 34 weeks' gestation were greater for white women with vaginal bleeding than for black women. There was no association between vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and SGA births...

..The maximum incremental benefit that could be expected of a new safe and efficacious tocolytic therapy would be to reduce current PTD rates resulting from PTL by about 12%...

..Registration of studies and hypotheses is likely to be misinterpreted as an independent determinant of validity...

..s as well as a more systematic approach to integrating information from toxicology and industrial hygiene into the interpretation of the epidemiologic literature...

..Exposure to silica from specific farming tasks related to harvesting may be of particular importance in the southeastern United States. Interval of time since last exposure did not influence development of ANCA-SVV...

..These results should be viewed in the context of a potentially preventive biologic mechanism mitigated by possible confounding by healthy behaviors and practices that are also associated with vitamin supplement use during pregnancy...

..Results indicate first trimester report of LMP reasonably approximates gestational age obtained from first trimester ultrasound, but the degree of discrepancy between estimates varies by important maternal characteristics...

..0001). CONCLUSION: Changes in vaginal microflora during mid pregnancy are associated with an increased concentration of vaginal fluid neutrophil defensins...

..The effect of potential endocrine-modulating organochlorines on menopause has not been extensively examined...

..To determine the concordance between vaginal fluid Gram stains and pH obtained at speculum exam with similar stains and pH prepared from self-obtained vaginal swabs...

..The results in this study will be useful to researchers who need to determine where to invest their effort when assessing water-related exposures and should help in evaluation of previously performed studies...

..Thus, observed associations with these surrogate measures may not be a reflection of pregnancy hormone exposure and should be interpreted with caution...

..This study was performed to investigate the effect of power frequency magnetic fields...

..To examine the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity on the risk of term cesarean delivery in nulliparous women...

..The results from this time-series analysis, which provides evidence of an increase in preterm birth risk with exposure to PM10 and SO2, are consistent with prior investigations of spatial contrasts...

..Lack of day information may result in incorrect assignment of completed gestational month because calendar months and pregnancy months are not aligned...

..The purpose of this study was to show that maternal folate status during pregnancy may be related to preterm birth...

..To identify predictors of cocaine exposure during pregnancy, using hair and urine assays and self-report, and the association with preterm birth...

..CONCLUSION: These data emphasize the importance of evaluating both the nutrient density in the diet and the frequency of consumption in the assessment of the diets of pregnant women...

..5, 95% confidence interval: 6.6, 18.4). Ethnic density seems to be more strongly associated with preterm birth for US-born non-Hispanic blacks than for non-Hispanic black immigrants...

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..Nonetheless, the epidemiologic evidence linking benzene to leukemia in the aggregate, as well as for subtypes other than AML, is no less persuasive than that for AML alone...

..The prospective collection of multiple psychosocial measures on a large population of women indicates that a subset of these factors is associated with preterm birth...

..We undertook this population-based study to examine the association between occupational silica exposure and SLE in the southeastern US...

..We focus on etiologic research, where the aim is to make inferences about spatially varying environmental factors influencing the risk of disease...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of algorithms for the assignment of gestational age with the use of the last menstrual period and early ultrasound information...

..The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence, timing, and outcomes of hospital-based diagnoses of preterm labor...

..Undetected early losses would be expected to increase the reported number of cycles to clinical pregnancy...

..These data illustrate the importance of individual water use information in minimizing exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies of drinking water contaminants...

..The relationship between increased urine albumin excretion (albuminuria), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, and preterm birth has not been fully evaluated...

..This study examined associations between reported pregnancy intendedness and several maternal psychosocial factors in relation to preterm birth (<37 weeks' completed gestation)...

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..Although all are strongly suspected of influencing risk of preterm delivery, this study should provide evidence relevant to screening practice for infection and vitamin use during pregnancy. ..

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