J H Bower

..To define the burden of inpatient neurologic disease seen in Ethiopian teaching hospitals...

..In addition, cases used anti-inflammatory agents less frequently than controls (nonsignificant trend). The results may support the hypothesis that there is an inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of PD...

..A screening instrument to measure neurological disease in resource-poor settings was designed by the World Health Organization in 1981, but several problems with it have subsequently been recognized...

..To define the current state of neurologic health care services in the nations of Africa...

..To investigate the association of PD with preceding head trauma using a case-control study design...

..Our long-term historical cohort study suggests that an anxious personality trait may predict an increased risk of PD developing many years later...

..Despite the limited sample size of this exploratory study, we hypothesize that there is an increased risk of PD in conditions causing an early reduction in endogenous estrogen. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed in a larger study...

..We studied the association of oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause with the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment or dementia...

..CONCLUSION: Subjects with higher education and physicians have an increased risk of Parkinson disease (PD), while subjects with some occupations presumed to involve high physical activity have a decreased risk of PD...

..Thus, we investigated the association of anemia with the subsequent risk of PD using a case-control study design...

..We investigated constipation preceding PD using a case-control study design in a population-based sample...

..It has been suggested that people who develop Parkinson disease (PD) may have a characteristic premorbid personality. We tested this hypothesis using a large historical cohort study with long follow-up...

..We studied the association of oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause with the risk of subsequent parkinsonism...

..These findings are consistent with in vitro experiments that revealed tau-mediated fibrillization of alpha-synuclein protein at low concentrations (dose threshold effect)...

..Among PD patients, there was no relation between the risk of cancer and the cumulative dose of levodopa received or the use of other PD medications...

..This causes a substantial family information bias...

..To investigate time trends in the incidence of parkinsonism and PD over a 15-year period (1976 to 1990)...

..The best fitting models for older onset PD (age > 59 years) were a recessive or an additive model. INTERPRETATION: The familial aggregation of PD may be explained in part by a major gene with additive effect on the penetrance...

..A systematic literature review of pathological hypersexuality in PD revealed similar medication histories; combining these cases with our series, 26 of 29 patients (90%) were on adjuvant dopamine agonists...

..This population-based study suggests dyskinesia risk may not be a major concern for most Parkinson disease patients...

..None of the four haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was associated with PD overall, but SNP1 (position 4,345 bp) and SNP3 (position 16,491 bp) were associated with PD in women (p = 0.03 and p = 0.002)...

..The overall autopsy rate was low (23%). Diagnostic certainty (for PD), diagnostic type (PD versus other parkinsonism), sex, age at death, and location at death were important selection factors for autopsy...

..The independent replication in two distinct populations and using different epidemiologic study designs may suggest a link between the number of children and PD restricted to men...

..These significant differences at the two-tailed alpha level of 0.05 and restricted to subgroup analyses may have a biological basis or may be chance findings...

..There are no case-control or cohort studies of PD reported from Africa. This review provides a summary of PD research in Africa over the past 60 years and highlights the information gaps and potential areas for future research...

..To study the association between several personality traits and all-cause mortality...

..Analyses confirmed a significant inverse association of the UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism with PD overall (OR=0.18, 95% CI=0.05-0.64, p=0.002, recessive model) and in several strata...

..Lifetime risk estimates are useful in clinical practice, epidemiologic research, and public health...

..Uncommonly, adult-onset dystonia is confined to one lower extremity. We sought to characterize the clinical spectrum associated with the presenting phenotype of lower limb dystonia including foot torsion...

..037). Physiologically-confirmed psychogenic tremor carries a poor prognosis, with unremitting or worse tremor persisting 3-years after diagnosis in most...

....

..We studied the long-term risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before menopause...

..These findings suggest that PD and ET may share familial susceptibility factors...

..The evidence for increased risk of dementia in relatives of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) remains conflicting...

..Acquired generalized repetitive myoclonus may be mistaken for tremor. Distinguishing myoclonus has etiologic and therapeutic implications...

..To determine the frequency of new-onset compulsive gambling or hypersexuality among regional patients with Parkinson disease (PD), ascertaining the relationship of these behaviors to PD drug use...

..This finding underlines the need for adequate training in movement disorders for physicians and neurologists in Africa...

..99, for those with tremor). These population-based estimates of PD-associated direct medical costs from onset forward can uniquely inform policy decisions and cost-effectiveness research...

..There were suggestive trends in analyses stratified by sex and age at onset of PD, and for specific cancers related to smoking or hormonal factors...

..Despite this selection bias, the retrospective data collection, and the small sample size, we made several observations that illustrate the difficulty in achieving an accurate antemortem diagnosis of parkinsonism...

..42; P = 0.003). Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PD is a multigenic disorder of the UPS...

..0001). Recursive partitioning showed no interactions between variants of the SNCAIP gene and variants of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) or the parkin (PARK2) gene...

..With onset from 40 to 59 years of age, the incidence was higher at 50%. These incidence data may overestimate the functional importance, because patients with minimal or reversible dyskinesias were counted...

..Finally, we studied a group of 625 spouses of either cases or controls. Relatives with PD or other neurodegenerative diseases were ascertained using the family study method...

..Pathological gambling is a rare potential complication related to treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). However, the etiology of this behavior is poorly understood...

..1). The increased fracture risk in patients with PD is not entirely explained by concomitant dementia, and additional study is needed to determine the relative contributions to fracture risk of falls versus bone loss in these patients...

..quot; The excess morbidity and mortality observed for persons with PD are consistent with recognized PD sequelae...

..68, p < 0.0001). This newly established historical cohort study provides opportunities to test hypotheses regarding the link between personality and aging, aging-related diseases, and overall mortality...

..62; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-4.15), whereas relatives of probands with later onset had no increased risk. The relative risk decreased when the incidence of all types of parkinsonism was considered...

..Relatives of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have an increased risk of PD and other neurologic disorders; however, their risk of psychiatric disorders remains uncertain...

..This population-based study suggests a link between pesticides use and PD that is restricted to men. Pesticides may interact with other genetic or nongenetic factors that are different in men and women...

..5 years (range, 2-54 years). The findings were similar using a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) approach, but were not statistically significant. This initial association between BP and PD awaits replication...

..Compulsive behaviors provoked by dopamine agonists often go undetected in clinical series, especially if not specifically inquired about...

..CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD face a higher risk of death compared with subjects free of PD from the general population. Certain clinical characteristics and smoking modify survival...

..Furthermore, only stratified subanalyses detected any genetic association between the V380L common coding polymorphism and PD. We discuss the implication of parkin mutations for Parkinson's disease from this population perspective...

..Association studies of BDNF variants reveal no associations with Parkinson's disease. Comparisons between substance abusers and controls reveal modest associations. These findings increase interest in this diverse human gene...

..International collaboration and support are required to improve the number of workers, resources, and research productivity...