Maria J Wawer

..Clinicians and clients need to balance potential HC risks with the known risks of unwanted pregnancies. Condom use remains essential for HIV prevention regardless of other contraceptive usage...

..We estimated rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission per coital act in HIV-discordant couples by stage of infection in the index partner...

..We assessed whether circumcision in HIV-infected men would reduce transmission of the virus to female sexual partners...

..We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and syphilis in HIV-negative adolescent boys and men...

..We used self-administered vaginal swabs to assess the incidence and clearance of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in rural Rakai, Uganda...

..HR-HPV clearance was determined in men with prior genotype-specific HR-HPV infections. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HR-HPV acquisition were estimated by Poisson multiple regression...

..We assessed the role of GUD and HSV-2 in the protection against HIV afforded by MC...

..6%; P = 0.001).HIV-related illness and WHO stage predicted disease progression. The specificity of clinical illness to predict viral load >55,000 copies/mL was high and could be used to rule in HIV disease requiring ART...

..HIV acquisition is significantly higher during pregnancy than in the postpartum period. We did a prospective study to estimate HIV incidence rates during pregnancy and lactation...

..We assessed whether circumcision of HIV-infected men would reduce the transmission of high-risk HPV to their female partners...

..We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision to reduce prevalence and incidence of high-risk HPV in female partners of circumcised men...

..GUD was consistently associated with higher HIV loads in subjects with incident and those with prevalent HIV infection, suggesting that treatment of GUD might reduce HIV viremia...

..Ecological and observational studies suggest that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men. Our aim was to investigate the effect of male circumcision on HIV incidence in men...

..To assess the association between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV progression...

..3% vs. 23.8%, respectively, p = 0.02) and circumcised men (21.5% vs. 15.5%, respectively, p = 0.24). MC reduced HR-HPV prevalence on both the coronal sulcus and shaft...

..001) and more subtype D in southern clusters compared with northern clusters (78% vs. 65%, p < 0.008). These data illustrate the geographic complexity of subtype variation, which has important implications for HIV-1 vaccine design...

..17 cases per 100 person-years in the control arm (IRR, 0.85 [95% CI, .44-1.67]; P = .62). Contrary to findings in males, male circumcision did not affect HSV-2 acquisition among female partners...

..ART in combination with a low efficacy vaccine could control the epidemic, if behavioral disinhibition is prevented...

..High viral load (VL) setpoint is a marker for rapid HIV progression. Few studies have examined whether use of hormonal contraception (HC) prior to HIV seroconversion affects VL setpoint...

..The objective of the study was to assess effects of male circumcision on female genital symptoms and vaginal infections...

..To evaluate the limitations of rapid tests for HIV-1...

..Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk for acquiring HIV, but little is known about the temporal sequence of these infections...

..We assessed foreskin inflammation associated with HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in circumcised men...

..Little is known about what factors correlate with hormonal contraceptive (HC) use in HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa...

..Over this 8-year period, the overall viral population in this region evolved toward the less virulent HIV-1A strain, most likely as a consequence of the faster disease progression and lower transmissibility of HIV-1D...

..However little is known about natural history HIV-related kidney disease or about background rates of reduced GFR in HIV-negative individuals in this region...

..3% and 17.6% in married persons with unknown partner status, and 29.3% and 42.7% in the unmarried. Voluntary counseling and testing targeting discordant couples is unlikely to have a substantial impact in this setting...

..Our results indicate that NGS can be used for detection of HIV superinfection within large cohorts, which could assist in determining the incidence and the epidemiologic, virologic, and immunological correlates of this phenomenon...

..To assess the cellular basis for these associations, we estimated immunologic cellular densities in foreskin tissue...

..After multivariate adjustment for HIV viral load, the risk of MTCT associated with placental malaria was 2.89 and with HIV viral load the risk was 2.85. Interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy could potentially reduce MTCT...

..The efficacy of male circumcision for HIV prevention over 2 years has been demonstrated in three randomized trials, but the longer-term effectiveness of male circumcision is unknown...

..We report 2-year weekly vaginal flora changes based on Gram stain using lasagna plots...

..7) and 99.1% (95% CI: 96.8-99.9), respectively. The rapid diagnostic test accurately ruled malaria "in or out" at the point-of-care, facilitating appropriate clinical management and averting unnecessary anti-malarial therapy...

..This information may help violence prevention programs develop a range of strategies for addressing sexual coercion among adolescents...

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..CONCLUSION: The age difference between young women and their male partners is a significant HIV risk factor, suggesting that high HIV prevalence in younger women is caused, in part, by transmission from older male partners...

..The objective of this study was to compare human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing between self-administered vaginal swabs and physician-administered cervical swabs in women from rural Rakai District, Uganda...

..These results highlight women's vulnerability to the social impact of HIV infection and the importance of dyadic studies of the disruption of unions...

..5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3%-16.6%). Mothers can administer nevirapine to themselves and their newborns and can achieve low rates of perinatal HIV infection...

..4/100 PY) of VCT. CONCLUSION: In this rural cohort where VCT services are free and accessible, there is self-selection of individuals accepting VCT, and no impact of VCT on subsequent risk behaviors or HIV incidence...

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..92 (CI 1.22-12.58) associated with transfusions. Sexual behaviours were significantly associated with HIV risk. Medical injections did not increase HIV acquisition in this rural Ugandan population...

..A higher index cutoff value was required for optimal sensitivity and specificity, and overall performance of the assay was not affected by HIV status...

..HIV load is increased in HSV-2-positive subjects who seroconverted, suggesting a role for treatment of HSV-2 infection in HSV-2-seropositive, dually infected individuals...

..12 (95% CI, 0.48-2.56) with oral contraceptive use and 0.84 (95%CI, 0.41-1.72) with injectable methods. CONCLUSION: Use of hormonal contraception is not associated with HIV acquisition after adjustment for behavioral confounding...

..7%). CONCLUSIONS: Parental HIV infection markedly increased the incidence of orphanhood, especially among younger children and the children of younger mothers...

..4 to 47.7). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-1 incidence and genetic complexity are associated with geographic strata and population mobility in Rakai District and are important variables to be considered in planning and recruitment for vaccine trials...

..To assess how the impact of sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment on HIV incidence varies between stages of the HIV epidemic...

..OR of live birth which was 12% of the previous viral load category. Our data suggest that there may be considerable differences in the ability to produce a live birth among HIV-positive women with high viral loads...

..6/100 py in first time acceptors and 1.6/100 py in non-acceptors. These data suggest a need for intensive risk-reduction counseling interventions targeting HIV-negative repeat VCT acceptors as a special risk group...

..To investigate the relationship between adult male circumcision and sexual satisfaction and function in men, as observational studies on the effect of adult male circumcision on sexual satisfaction show conflicting results...

..To assess what individuals in low-income countries perceive as benefits and harms of population-based HIV/STD research...

..This is consistent with a National Institute for Child Health and Human Development trial that found an excess of preterm births in children of women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection who were treated with metronidazole...

..However, there still is need for education on the potential role of preventive HIV vaccines in the control of the epidemic and the importance of vaccination for men, especially in the context of an HIV vaccine...

..In low-titer infections, the 3 drug combinations were equally effective. HIV status did not affect cure rates...

..Clinical criteria missed half the patients with CD4 cell counts of 200 cells/microl or less, highlighting the importance of CD4 cell measurements for the scale-up of ART provision in resource-limited settings...

..In populations with low treatment rates like Uganda, these probabilities can be very low. Here, health education should have priority in STD management programmes...