Robert E Black

Summary

Affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Social autopsy for maternal and child deaths: a comprehensive literature review to examine the concept and the development of the method
    Henry D Kalter
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, 21205, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:45. 2011
  2. ncbi Trends in causes of death among children under 5 in Bangladesh, 1993-2004: an exercise applying a standardized computer algorithm to assign causes of death using verbal autopsy data
    Li Liu
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N, Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:43. 2011
  3. ncbi Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets
    Christopher Jl Murray
    Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:27. 2011
  4. ncbi Water and sanitation infrastructure for health: The impact of foreign aid
    Marianne J Botting
    Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
    Global Health 6:12. 2010
  5. ncbi Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality
    Laura M Lamberti
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    BMC Public Health 11:S15. 2011
  6. ncbi Rotavirus vaccine and diarrhea mortality: quantifying regional variation in effect size
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    BMC Public Health 11:S16. 2011
  7. ncbi Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality
    Aamer Imdad
    Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S20. 2011
  8. ncbi Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria
    Mohammad Yawar Yakoob
    Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S23. 2011
  9. ncbi Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia
    Anita K M Zaidi
    Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S13. 2011
  10. ncbi Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world
    Robert E Black
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Nutr 133:1485S-9S. 2003

Detail Information

Publications135 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Social autopsy for maternal and child deaths: a comprehensive literature review to examine the concept and the development of the method
    Henry D Kalter
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, 21205, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:45. 2011
    ..Further development of the methodology along with standardized instruments and supporting tools are needed to promote its wide-scale adoption and use...
  2. ncbi Trends in causes of death among children under 5 in Bangladesh, 1993-2004: an exercise applying a standardized computer algorithm to assign causes of death using verbal autopsy data
    Li Liu
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N, Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:43. 2011
    ..abstract:..
  3. ncbi Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets
    Christopher Jl Murray
    Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
    Popul Health Metr 9:27. 2011
    ..abstract:..
  4. ncbi Water and sanitation infrastructure for health: The impact of foreign aid
    Marianne J Botting
    Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
    Global Health 6:12. 2010
    ..The actual impact of this assistance on increasing population access to improved water and sanitation and reducing child mortality has not been examined...
  5. ncbi Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality
    Laura M Lamberti
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    BMC Public Health 11:S15. 2011
    ..We estimate the protective effects conferred by varying levels of breastfeeding exposure against diarrhea incidence, diarrhea prevalence, diarrhea mortality, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for diarrhea illness...
  6. ncbi Rotavirus vaccine and diarrhea mortality: quantifying regional variation in effect size
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    BMC Public Health 11:S16. 2011
    ..Diarrhea mortality remains a leading cause of child death and rotavirus vaccine an effective tool for preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea. New data suggest vaccine efficacy may vary by region...
  7. ncbi Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality
    Aamer Imdad
    Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S20. 2011
    ..The purpose of this paper was to get a point estimate of efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in reducing cause specific mortality by using Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) guidelines...
  8. ncbi Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria
    Mohammad Yawar Yakoob
    Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S23. 2011
    ....
  9. ncbi Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia
    Anita K M Zaidi
    Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    BMC Public Health 11:S13. 2011
    ..We have estimated the effect of providing oral, or injectable antibiotics at home or in first-level facilities, and of in-patient hospital care on neonatal mortality from pneumonia and sepsis for use in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)...
  10. ncbi Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world
    Robert E Black
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Nutr 133:1485S-9S. 2003
    ..The important effects of zinc deficiency are now clear, and nutrition programs should address this prevalent problem...
  11. ncbi Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis
    Robert E Black
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 375:1969-87. 2010
    ..Up-to-date information on the causes of child deaths is crucial to guide global efforts to improve child survival. We report new estimates for 2008 of the major causes of death in children younger than 5 years...
  12. ncbi Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences
    Robert E Black
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Lancet 371:243-60. 2008
  13. ncbi Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?
    Robert E Black
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Lancet 361:2226-34. 2003
    ..A better understanding of child health epidemiology could contribute to more effective approaches to saving children's lives...
  14. ncbi Zinc and childhood infectious disease morbidity and mortality
    R E Black
    Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Br J Nutr 85:S125-9. 2001
    ..Preventive and therapeutic interventions should be implemented in developing countries where zinc deficiency is likely to be prevalent...
  15. ncbi Micronutrients in pregnancy
    R E Black
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Br J Nutr 85:S193-7. 2001
    ..Additional research is need on the prevalence of such deficiencies and their consequences and on cost-effective public health interventions for their control...
  16. ncbi Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health E8153, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Pediatrics 121:522-9. 2008
    ..Topical application of emollients that augment skin barrier function was evaluated as a strategy for improving survival rates among hospitalized preterm infants in Bangladesh...
  17. ncbi Effect of zinc supplementation on mortality in children aged 1-48 months: a community-based randomised placebo-controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 369:927-34. 2007
    ..Our aim was to assess the effects of zinc supplementation on overall mortality in children in Pemba, Zanzibar...
  18. ncbi Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk in prevention of morbidities among children: community-based, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    PLoS ONE 5:e12164. 2010
    ....
  19. ncbi Effectiveness of home-based management of newborn infections by community health workers in rural Bangladesh
    Abdullah H Baqui
    International Center for Advancing Neonatal Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:304-10. 2009
    ..Infections account for about half of neonatal deaths in low-resource settings. Limited evidence supports home-based treatment of newborn infections by community health workers (CHW)...
  20. ncbi Validation of a clinical algorithm to identify neonates with severe illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Arch Dis Child 96:1140-6. 2011
    ..To validate a clinical algorithm for community health workers (CHWs) during routine household surveillance for neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh...
  21. ncbi Household surveillance of severe neonatal illness by community health workers in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: coverage and compliance with referral
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Health Policy Plan 25:112-24. 2010
    ..Effective and scalable community-based strategies are needed for identification and management of serious neonatal illness...
  22. ncbi Operational issues and trends associated with the pilot introduction of zinc for childhood diarrhoea in Bougouni district, Mali
    Peter J Winch
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 2103, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 26:151-62. 2008
    ....
  23. ncbi Iron supplementation in early childhood: health benefits and risks
    Lora L Iannotti
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 84:1261-76. 2006
    ..More research is needed in populations affected by HIV and tuberculosis. Iron supplementation in preventive programs may need to be targeted through identification of iron-deficient children...
  24. ncbi Evaluation of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a package of community-based maternal and newborn interventions in Mirzapur, Bangladesh
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 5:e9696. 2010
    ..To evaluate a delivery strategy for newborn interventions in rural Bangladesh...
  25. ncbi A population-based study of hospital admission incidence rate and bacterial aetiology of acute lower respiratory infections in children aged less than five years in Bangladesh
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Heath, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 25:179-88. 2007
    ..Future studies should use more sensitive methods and more systematically look for resistance patterns of other pathogens in addition to Hib and Spn...
  26. ncbi The Accelerated Child Survival and Development programme in west Africa: a retrospective evaluation
    Jennifer Bryce
    Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 375:572-82. 2010
    ..We undertook a retrospective evaluation of the programme in Benin, Ghana, and Mali...
  27. ncbi Depressive symptoms among rural Bangladeshi mothers: implications for infant development
    Maureen M Black
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
    J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:764-72. 2007
    ....
  28. ncbi Impact of an integrated nutrition and health programme on neonatal mortality in rural northern India
    Abdullahh Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 86:796-804, A. 2008
    ..To assess the impact of the newborn health component of a large-scale community-based integrated nutrition and health programme...
  29. ncbi Effect of timing of first postnatal care home visit on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: a observational cohort study
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    BMJ 339:b2826. 2009
    ..To assess the effect of the timing of first postnatal home visit by community health workers on neonatal mortality...
  30. ncbi Iron and zinc supplementation promote motor development and exploratory behavior among Bangladeshi infants
    Maureen M Black
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 80:903-10. 2004
    ..Iron and zinc deficiency are prevalent during infancy in low-income countries...
  31. ncbi Implementation examined in a health center-delivered, educational intervention that improved infant growth in Trujillo, Peru: successes and challenges
    Rebecca C Robert
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Health Educ Res 22:318-31. 2007
    ..The information gained from this study will inform future evaluation designs, and lead to the development and implementation of more effective intervention programs for child health...
  32. ncbi Population-based incidence and etiology of community-acquired neonatal bacteremia in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: an observational study
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Infect Dis 200:906-15. 2009
    ..To devise treatment strategies for neonatal infections, the population-level incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens must be defined...
  33. ncbi Micronutrient fortified milk improves iron status, anemia and growth among children 1-4 years: a double masked, randomized, controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    PLoS ONE 5:e12167. 2010
    ....
  34. ncbi Comparing modelled to measured mortality reductions: applying the Lives Saved Tool to evaluation data from the Accelerated Child Survival Programme in West Africa
    Elizabeth Hazel
    Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Int J Epidemiol 39:i32-9. 2010
    ....
  35. ncbi Impact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord on mortality and omphalitis among newborns of Sylhet, Bangladesh: design of a community-based cluster randomized trial
    Luke C Mullany
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    BMC Pediatr 9:67. 2009
    ..A previous trial in Nepal indicated that umbilical cord cleansing with 4.0% chlorhexidine could substantially reduce mortality and omphalitis risk, but policy changes await additional community-based data...
  36. ncbi Simplified age-weight mortality risk classification for very low birth weight infants in low-resource settings
    Rebecca E Rosenberg
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Pediatr 153:519-24. 2008
    ..To identify a valid neonatal mortality risk prediction score feasible for use in developing countries...
  37. ncbi Maternal depressive symptoms and infant growth in rural Bangladesh
    Maureen M Black
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 89:951S-957S. 2009
    ..Depressive disorders are a major source of disability among low-income mothers in developing countries...
  38. ncbi Can mothers recognize neonatal illness correctly? Comparison of maternal report and assessment by community health workers in rural Bangladesh
    Y Choi
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Trop Med Int Health 15:743-53. 2010
    ..To validate maternal recognition of neonatal illnesses at home compared to assessment by community health workers (CHWs) during routine household surveillance for neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh...
  39. ncbi Nosocomial sepsis risk score for preterm infants in low-resource settings
    Rebecca E Rosenberg
    Department of International Health, International Center for Advancing Neonatal Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Trop Pediatr 56:82-9. 2010
    ..70, sensitivity of 77.1%, and PPV of 64.9%. Our clinical sepsis score is the first bedside clinical screen exclusively for hospitalized, very premature neonates in a low-resource setting, and warrants external validation...
  40. ncbi Zinc therapy for diarrhoea increased the use of oral rehydration therapy and reduced the use of antibiotics in Bangladeshi children
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 22:440-2. 2004
    ..In this trial, the availability of zinc supplements, along with ORT and appropriate education programmes, was associated with significantly higher use of ORT and lower use of antibiotics...
  41. ncbi Effect of zinc added to multi-vitamin supplementation containing low-dose vitamin A on plasma retinol level in children--a double-blind randomized, controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W5517, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 25:62-6. 2007
    ..Addition of zinc to low-dose vitamin A in this study did not improve the vitamin A status of children and cannot explain morbidity effects of the intervention...
  42. ncbi Validation of community health workers' assessment of neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 87:12-9. 2009
    ....
  43. ncbi Zinc during and in convalescence from diarrhea has no demonstrable effect on subsequent morbidity and anthropometric status among infants <6 mo of age
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 85:887-94. 2007
    ..Zinc given for 14 d at the start of diarrhea has been shown to decrease the incidence and prevalence of diarrhea and pneumonia and improve growth in the 2-3 mo after, but no trial has been done in infants <6 mo of age...
  44. ncbi Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic oligosaccharide added to milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among children 1 to 4 years old
    Sunil Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 51:341-6. 2010
    ..To evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic-fortified milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among 1- to 4-year-old children...
  45. ncbi Community-based validation of assessment of newborn illnesses by trained community health workers in Sylhet district of Bangladesh
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Trop Med Int Health 14:1448-56. 2009
    ..To validate trained community health workers' recognition of signs and symptoms of newborn illnesses and classification of illnesses using a clinical algorithm during routine home visits in rural Bangladesh...
  46. ncbi Simultaneous weekly supplementation of iron and zinc is associated with lower morbidity due to diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infection in Bangladeshi infants
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Nutr 133:4150-7. 2003
    ..Intermittent simultaneous supplementation with iron + zinc seems promising; it will be useful to determine whether higher doses would provide greater benefits...
  47. ncbi Zinc and low osmolarity oral rehydration salts for diarrhoea: a renewed call to action
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 87:780-6. 2009
    ..Revitalizing diarrhoea management must become an international priority if we are going to reduce the burden of diarrhoea deaths and overall child mortality around the world...
  48. ncbi Weekly iron supplementation does not block increases in serum zinc due to weekly zinc supplementation in Bangladeshi infants
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Nutr 135:2187-91. 2005
    ..Joint supplementation did not alter the individual effects of iron or zinc supplementation in these Bangladeshi children. However, the dosing regimen may not have been adequate to achieve the desired biochemical effects...
  49. ncbi Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
    Vishwajeet Kumar
    International Center for Advancing Neonatal Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Lancet 372:1151-62. 2008
    ..We developed an intervention of behaviour change management, with a focus on prevention of hypothermia, aimed at modifying practices and reducing neonatal mortality...
  50. ncbi Multi-country analysis of the effects of diarrhoea on childhood stunting
    William Checkley
    Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
    Int J Epidemiol 37:816-30. 2008
    ..These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher cumulative burden of diarrhoea increases the risk of stunting...
  51. ncbi Micronutrients and diarrheal disease
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 45:S73-7. 2007
    ..Folic acid supplementation does not appear to be effective in the prevention or treatment of diarrheal disease...
  52. ncbi Determining gestational age in a low-resource setting: validity of last menstrual period
    Rebecca E Rosenberg
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 27:332-8. 2009
    ..Additional prospective trials are warranted to examine LMP against antenatal ultrasound for primary assessment of neonatal gestational age in other low-resource settings...
  53. ncbi Directing diarrhoeal disease research towards disease-burden reduction
    Margaret Kosek
    Department of International Health, Joins Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 27:319-31. 2009
    ....
  54. ncbi Utilization and perceptions of neonatal healthcare providers in rural Uttar Pradesh, India
    Jeffrey R Willis
    International Center for Advancing Neonatal Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Int J Qual Health Care 23:487-94. 2011
    ..To describe the utilization and perceptions of existing neonatal health services in rural Uttar Pradesh, India...
  55. ncbi Acute lower respiratory infections in childhood: opportunities for reducing the global burden through nutritional interventions
    Daniel E Roth
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 86:356-64. 2008
    ..At present, a reduction in the burden of ALRI can be expected from the continued promotion of breastfeeding and scale-up of zinc supplementation or fortification strategies in target populations...
  56. ncbi Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles
    Laura E Caulfield
    Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 80:193-8. 2004
    ..Previous analyses derived the relative risk (RR) of dying as a result of low weight-for-age and calculated the proportion of child deaths worldwide attributable to underweight...
  57. ncbi Zinc and iron supplementation and malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections in children in the Peruvian Amazon
    Stephanie A Richard
    Center for Human Nutrition, and Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:126-32. 2006
    ..vivax malaria-endemic areas, although local endemicity and species-specific prevalence should be considered carefully when designing any supplementation program involving iron in a malaria-endemic area...
  58. ncbi Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community
    William Checkley
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 363:112-8. 2004
    ..Inadequate water and sanitation adversely affect the health of children in developing countries. We aimed to assess the effects of water and sanitation on childhood health in a birth cohort of Peruvian children...
  59. ncbi Infection control practices reduce nosocomial infections and mortality in preterm infants in Bangladesh
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Perinatol 25:331-5. 2005
    ..CONCLUSION: The infection control program was shown to be a simple, low-cost, low-technology intervention to reduce substantially the incidence of septicemia and mortality in the nursery...
  60. ncbi Does age affect the response to zinc therapy for diarrhoea in Bangladeshi infants?
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E5543, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Health Popul Nutr 26:105-9. 2008
    ..Additional research is needed to better understand the effect of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea among infants aged less than six months...
  61. ncbi Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials
    Daniel E Roth
    Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Int J Epidemiol 39:795-808. 2010
    ..Routine zinc supplementation is a potential intervention for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in developing countries. However, discrepant findings from recent randomized trials remain unexplained...
  62. ncbi Levels, timing, and etiology of stillbirths in Sylhet district of Bangladesh
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 11:25. 2011
    ..Our study objective was to estimate the levels, types, and causes of stillbirth in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh...
  63. ncbi Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine on prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children: a case-control study
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:565-71. 2007
    ..Few Asian countries have introduced Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine because of its cost and uncertainty regarding disease burden...
  64. ncbi NGO facilitation of a government community-based maternal and neonatal health programme in rural India: improvements in equity
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Suite E 8138, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Health Policy Plan 23:234-43. 2008
    ..Programmes need to identify and address barriers to universal coverage and care utilization, particularly in the poorest segments of the population...
  65. ncbi Effect of early exclusive breastfeeding on morbidity among infants born to HIV-negative mothers in Zimbabwe
    Ai Koyanagi
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore MD, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 89:1375-82. 2009
    ..No studies conducted in Africa have reported any benefits of EBF for infants born to HIV-negative women...
  66. ncbi Undernutrition as an underlying cause of malaria morbidity and mortality in children less than five years old
    Laura E Caulfield
    Center for Human Nutrition, and Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 71:55-63. 2004
    ..It is recommended that nutrition programs be integrated into existing malaria intervention programs...
  67. ncbi Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting: community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 367:133-43. 2006
    ..However, supplementation of those who are not iron deficient might be harmful. As such, current guidelines for universal supplementation with iron and folic acid should be revised...
  68. ncbi Effects of fortified milk on morbidity in young children in north India: community based, randomised, double masked placebo controlled trial
    Sunil Sazawal
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    BMJ 334:140. 2007
    ..To evaluate the efficacy of milk fortified with specific multiple micronutrients on morbidity in children compared with the same milk without fortification...
  69. ncbi Functional indicators for assessing zinc deficiency
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Food Nutr Bull 28:S454-79. 2007
    ..Previous recommendations suggest that stunting rates at or above 20% should be indicative of zinc deficiency among children under 5 years of age. This review provides additional data and analysis to support the current recommendation...
  70. ncbi Effect of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on preschool child mortality in southern Nepal: community-based, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    James M Tielsch
    Center for Human Nutrition and the Sight and Life Institute, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 367:144-52. 2006
    ..Supplementation with iron and folic acid alleviates severe anaemia and enhances neurodevelopment in deficient populations, but little is known about the risks of mortality and morbidity associated with supplementation...
  71. ncbi Effect of topical treatment with skin barrier-enhancing emollients on nosocomial infections in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomised controlled trial
    Gary L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet 365:1039-45. 2005
    ..Our aim was to ascertain whether topical application of emollients to enhance skin barrier function would prevent nosocomial infections in this population...
  72. ncbi Effect of community-based newborn-care intervention package implemented through two service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Lancet 371:1936-44. 2008
    ..Therefore the project for advancing the health of newborns and mothers (Projahnmo) implemented a community-based intervention package through government and non-government organisation infrastructures to reduce neonatal mortality...
  73. ncbi Estimating the distribution of causes of death among children age 1-59 months in high-mortality countries with incomplete death certification
    Hope L Johnson
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Int J Epidemiol 39:1103-14. 2010
    ..Our objective was to develop a methodology to estimate causes of death among children age 1-59 months in high child mortality countries without adequate vital registration (VR) systems...
  74. ncbi Prescription and administration of a 14-day regimen of zinc treatment for childhood diarrhea in Mali
    Peter J Winch
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 2103, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:880-3. 2006
    ..The levels of correct administration were very good but might be lower under non-research conditions...
  75. ncbi Interactive effects of iron and zinc on biochemical and functional outcomes in supplementation trials
    Christa Fischer Walker
    Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 82:5-12. 2005
    ..Further research is needed before health policies on joint supplementation programs can be established...
  76. ncbi Norovirus highly prevalent cause of endemic acute diarrhea in children in the peruvian Amazon
    Pablo Peñataro Yori
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:844-7. 2009
    ..8% per month (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99). Norovirus seems to be an important etiology of community acquired diarrhea in this study population...
  77. ncbi Supplementing iron and zinc: double blind, randomized evaluation of separate or combined delivery
    S Chang
    Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA
    Eur J Clin Nutr 64:153-60. 2010
    ..The optimal delivery approach would maximize clinical benefits of both nutrients. We studied the effectiveness of different iron and zinc supplement delivery approaches to improve diarrhea and anemia in a rural Bangladesh population...
  78. ncbi Effect of zinc supplementation started during diarrhoea on morbidity and mortality in Bangladeshi children: community randomised trial
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    BMJ 325:1059. 2002
    ..To evaluate the effect on morbidity and mortality of providing daily zinc for 14 days to children with diarrhoea...
  79. ncbi Intervention models for the management of children with signs of pneumonia or malaria by community health workers
    Peter J Winch
    Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Room E5030, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 2103, USA
    Health Policy Plan 20:199-212. 2005
    ..Pneumonia case management by CHWs is a child health intervention that warrants considerably more attention, particularly in Africa and South Asia...
  80. ncbi Scaling up diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions: a Lives Saved Tool analysis
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    PLoS Med 8:e1000428. 2011
    ..Although the evidence for individual diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions is solid, the effect a comprehensive scale-up effort would have on diarrhea mortality has not been estimated...
  81. ncbi Community perceptions of birth weight in rural Uttar Pradesh, India: implications for care of low-birth-weight infants
    G L Darmstadt
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Perinatol 28:S53-60. 2008
    ....
  82. ncbi Zinc supplementation for the treatment of diarrhea in infants in Pakistan, India and Ethiopia
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 43:357-63. 2006
    ..This randomized, placebo controlled trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of 10-mg zinc supplementation for the treatment of acute diarrhea in infants...
  83. ncbi Etiology of diarrhea in older children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4:e768. 2010
    ..Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all regions of the world and among all ages, yet little is known about the fraction of diarrhea episodes and deaths due to each pathogen...
  84. ncbi Effects of nutritional status on diarrhea in Peruvian children
    William Checkley
    Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. 21205, USA
    J Pediatr 140:210-8. 2002
    ..CONCLUSIONS: These results identify infants and children of poor nutritional status as priority risk groups for prevention efforts aimed at reducing the burden of acute childhood diarrhea...
  85. ncbi Zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea: effect on diarrhoea morbidity, mortality and incidence of future episodes
    Christa L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Int J Epidemiol 39:i63-9. 2010
    ..Using multiple outcome measures, we sought to estimate the effect of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea on diarrhoea mortality and subsequent pneumonia mortality...
  86. ncbi Research priorities for the reduction of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing country communities
    William Moss
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Perinatol 22:484-95. 2002
    ....
  87. ncbi The cost-effectiveness of a child nutrition education programme in Peru
    Hugh R Waters
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Health Policy Plan 21:257-64. 2006
    ..12 US dollars per child reached and 55.16 US dollars per case of stunting prevented. The estimated marginal cost of the intervention per death averted is 1952 US dollars...
  88. ncbi Zinc supplementation and serum zinc during diarrhea
    Abdullah H Baqui
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Indian J Pediatr 73:493-7. 2006
    ..Zinc deficiency is very common in developing countries and is more pronounced during an episode of diarrhea. Supplementation with zinc improves diarrhea and might correct zinc deficiency in both the short and longer term...
  89. ncbi The role of private providers in treating child diarrhoea in Latin America
    Hugh R Waters
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Health Econ 17:21-9. 2008
    ....
  90. ncbi Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials
    Sunil Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Lancet Infect Dis 6:374-82. 2006
    ..The effect on acute diarrhoea is dependent on the age of the host and genera of strain used...
  91. ncbi Zinc supplementation for four months does not affect plasma copper concentration in infants
    S Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Acta Paediatr 93:599-602. 2004
    ....
  92. ncbi Diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in older children, adolescents, and adults
    C L Fischer Walker
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Epidemiol Infect 138:1215-26. 2010
    ..These data are critical for improving estimates worldwide and further highlight the need for improved diarrhoea specific morbidity and mortality data in these age groups...
  93. ncbi Newborn care in rural Uttar Pradesh
    A H Baqui
    Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Indian J Pediatr 74:241-7. 2007
    ..To describe selected newborn care practices related to cord care, thermal care and breastfeeding in rural Uttar Pradesh and to identify socio-demographic, antenatal and delivery care factors that are associated with these practices...
  94. ncbi Global and regional child mortality and burden of disease attributable to zinc deficiency
    C L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Eur J Clin Nutr 63:591-7. 2009
    ..We aimed to estimate disease-specific and all-cause mortality attributable to zinc deficiency...
  95. ncbi Low-dose weekly supplementation of iron and/or zinc does not affect growth among Bangladeshi infants
    C L Fischer Walker
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Eur J Clin Nutr 63:87-92. 2009
    ....
  96. ncbi Factors constraining adherence to referral advice for severely ill children managed by the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness approach in Imbabura Province, Ecuador
    H D Kalter
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Acta Paediatr 92:103-10. 2003
    ..This study sought to identify factors constraining adherence to referral advice in a health system using the IMCI approach...
  97. ncbi Rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths in rural India: implications for neonatal health programmes
    A H Baqui
    Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 84:706-13. 2006
    ..To assess the rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths and the burden of stillbirths in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. We discuss the implications of our findings for neonatal interventions...
  98. ncbi Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries
    A L Rice
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 78:1207-21. 2000
    ....
  99. ncbi Causes of childhood deaths in Bangladesh: an update
    A H Baqui
    Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Acta Paediatr 90:682-90. 2001
    ..Neonatal tetanus and measles together account for about 10% of deaths in children under 5 y. Further improvements in child survival are possible by improving access to and quality of available child survival interventions...
  100. ncbi Zinc supplementation in infants born small for gestational age reduces mortality: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
    S Sazawal
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Pediatrics 108:1280-6. 2001
    ..88 (95% confidence interval: 0.36-2.15). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation in small for gestational age infants can result in a substantial reduction in infectious disease mortality...
  101. ncbi Identifying sick children requiring referral to hospital in Bangladesh
    H D Kalter
    Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Bull World Health Organ 75:65-75. 1997
    ..The impact of the IMCI guidelines on children's health and the health care system must be judged in the light of current treatment practices, health outcomes and referral patterns...