Susan C Abraham

..A commonality among cases with Paget cells is the presence of focal or diffuse, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with discohesive cells. E-cadherin alterations seem to play a less significant role...

..In any individual patient complete removal of the adenoma should be performed, and thorough biopsy of the surrounding gastric mucosa is essential to understand the clinicopathologic context of the adenoma...

..Overexpression of p53 was limited to only 3 of 19 (15.8%) SPTs. These results emphasize the two distinct, divergent genetic pathways of neoplastic progression in pancreatic ductal and nonductal neoplasms...

..Methylation of the p16 gene may contribute to the malignant transformation of gastric precursor lesions...

..Although intestinal-type and foveolar-type gastric adenomas display divergent biologic behavior, the specific genetic events accounting for these differences in morphology and biologic behavior are unclear...

..Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway appears to be important in a subset of hepatic adenomas but does not result from common beta-catenin or APC mutations and does not appear to be directly linked to hormonal receptor status...

..These results indicate that ACCs are genetically distinct from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, but some cases contain genetic alterations common to histologically similar pancreatoblastomas...

..CP is most common in conjunction with portal ACR, where it carries a significant risk for the development of zone 3 fibrosis and a trend toward the development of ductopenic chronic rejection...

..Finally, the frequency of allelic loss on 18q suggests that a locus on 18q is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of biliary IPNs, but this locus is not DPC4...

..87). Epigenetic alterations involving methylation of CpG islands might have a role in the development of some FGPs, particularly those with a PPI effect. They do not account for the presence or absence of a dysplastic phenotype in FGPs...

..Gastric adenomas or dysplasias without APC mutations but with or without MSI may have a different biological behavior, and are precursors of intestinal-type of gastric adenocarcinomas...

..EAC invasion into the space between duplicated MM confers a similar risk of lymph node metastasis and recurrence as those of intramucosal EAC, and LVI is the best predictor of lymph node status and RFS in pT1 EAC...

..Nevertheless, differentiation from pancreatic neoplasia remains difficult. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for LPSP have durable relief of symptoms and a subjectively improved quality of life...

..These results suggest that a pattern of diffuse lymphoplasmacytic chronic cholecystitis is highly specific for extrahepatic biliary tract disease but does not distinguish between primary and secondary cholangiopathies...

..Therefore, these markers are potentially useful in developing diagnostic tests and treatment paradigms for tumors involving the biliary system...

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..The lack of microsatellite instability in FGPs in this study and of K-ras mutations in a previous study suggests that secondary genetic alterations are rare in both dysplastic and nondysplastic FGPs...

..Dysplasia, however, is generally confined to large and septal-size bile ducts and its presence may not be recognized unless multiple sections specifically targeted to the biliary tree are examined...

..IgG4 immunostaining of apparently negative biopsies may be helpful, but only in a small minority of cases...

..Despite its bland histologic appearance, it is much more likely to be accompanied by background IM and autoimmune gastritis and can evolve into invasive adenocarcinoma displaying pyloric gland differentiation...

..The fundic gland polyps were histologically and genetically identical to single sporadic fundic gland polyps and demonstrated frequent somatic activating mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene...

..The common occurrence of microscopic GISTs compared with the rarity of clinically manifest and malignant esophagogastric GISTs suggests that additional genetic or epigenetic alterations must happen for neoplastic progression...

..This study supports the methylation status of E-cadherin as a prognostic marker for early GIST recurrence and survival...

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..In situ growth and presence of an apparent adenoma cannot be taken as prima facie evidence of a primary neoplasm...

..Thus, the prognostic value of CD44s and isoform expression in GIST were evaluated by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays...

..The extent of residual carcinoma is a reliable and reproducible predictor of survival; this grading system may allow a novel and early means of comparing outcomes after different neoadjuvant treatment regimens...

..Most gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) express CD117/c-kit, as do a subset of metastatic melanomas, leading to a diagnostic dilemma in some cases...

..In summary, "transplant-associated" isolated CP occurs in 28% of adult patients, early CP is predictive of late CP, and late CP (often present as isolated CP) is associated with long-term liver injury in some patients...

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..True eosinophilic pancreatitis, although a fascinating clinicopathologic entity, is one of the rarest causes of pancreatic eosinophilia...

..2%) and reveal a diverse group of clinicopathologically distinctive pancreatic and biliary tract disease...

..This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and OS in patients with esophageal cancer...

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..Distinguishing between hyperplastic polyp and serrated adenoma is important because of the different management implications and the increased potential for neoplastic progression in the latter...

..Although a limited number of previous studies have suggested this type of polypoid presentation may represent "early" atrophic gastritis, its persistence in three of our patients argues against this hypothesis...

..beta-Catenin staining identifies lesions that are, instead, mesenteric fibromatoses...

..The development of multifocal low-grade dysplasia in 1 patient, a 19-year-old woman, suggests that this condition might have neoplastic potential...

..Alcohol also seems to be a risk factor. The dysplastic changes are multifocal, involve septal sized bile ducts, and are typically papillary...

..The spectrum of beta-catenin and APC alterations is similar to that described for desmoid tumors of the abdomen, paraspinal region, and extremities...

..While treatment information remains limited, treatment can lead to resolution of symptoms in some cases...

..The changes are generally seen in the background of mild chronic hepatitis with mild or no fibrosis. Glycogen pseudoground glass change can resolve, but may also persist for years...

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..Despite their large size, giant fibrovascular polyps should be recognized radiologically and pathologically as benign lesions. However, they can result in significant morbidity...

..We sought to examine whether the metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis or steatohepatitis influenced hepatic fibrosis among patients with HH and iron overload...

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..The 17% rate of angiolymphatic invasion and 10% rate of lymph node metastases in our patients with invasion into duplicated MM suggest that these tumors can behave aggressively despite their technically intramucosal location...

..Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare cause of intractable diarrhea associated with circulating gut autoantibodies and a predisposition to autoimmunity. It is rarely observed in adults, with only 11 cases reported to date...

..The strong correlation between gallbladder dysplasia/adenocarcinoma and bile duct dysplasia/CC supports the concept of a neoplastic "field effect" along the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tract in PSC...

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..Surgical debulking is a consideration but is controversial. Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin regimen is minimally effective against GCC...

..In conclusion, long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm these findings and understand the impact of using these grafts...

..Biliary CMV disease is rare in HIV-negative persons, but should be considered in a patient with unexplained hemobilia. Cholangioscopy may be useful for diagnosis...

..Patients with APC mutation between codon 1225-1694 may be more susceptible to aggressive gastroduodenal involvement in FAP...

..Importantly, however, a diagnosis of cirrhosis is not required in this group of patients to qualify them for OLT, and these patients have good long-term graft function after OLT...

..It is important to separate GISTs from these potential mimics because their treatment and prognosis can differ markedly...

..He had required more than 15 U of packed red blood cells within a 2-month period for his anemia, despite recombinant erythropoietin treatment, and his hemoglobin level was persistently below 9 g/dl...

..Polysomy and homozygous 9p21 deletion are common in both sporadic and PSC-associated CCAs and are frequently detectable in PSC-associated biliary dysplasia...

..We hypothesize that there may be more cases of upper gastrointestinal ELP than are diagnosed as such, in part because the diagnosis can be made only on surgical resections specimens...