P M Ridker

..Since inflammation is believed to have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, measurement of markers of inflammation has been proposed as a method to improve the prediction of the risk of these events...

..We evaluated whether long-term therapy with pravastatin, an agent that reduces cardiovascular risk, might alter levels of this inflammatory parameter...

..The objective of this study was to examine whether definite hypertension and borderline isolated systolic hypertension predict subsequent cardiovascular disease and mortality...

..However, data evaluating this hypothesis are sparse and limited to older women...

..Whether increased levels of CRP are also associated with the development of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unknown...

..We studied whether inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI) is a risk factor for recurrent coronary events and whether randomized treatment with pravastatin reduces that risk...

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..In some but not all studies, men with venous thrombosis had a higher risk of recurrence than women. Information on women with initial hormone-related thrombosis is scant...

..Prospective studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used to predict risk of future cardiovascular events. High-sensitivity methods for CRP (hs-CRP) measurement are needed for this purpose...

..Several novel risk factors for atherosclerosis have recently been proposed, but few comparative data exist to guide clinical use of these emerging biomarkers...

..We investigated the association between ACE genotype and the incidence of stroke in a large, prospective, matched case-control sample from the Physicians' Health Study...

..In this cohort of middle-aged US men, the presence of the insertion allele of the Alu-repeat polymorphism of the tissue-type plasminogen activator gene is not associated with future risks of myocardial infarction...

..CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to prior data among hyperlipidemic men, the current data suggest that Lp-PLA(2) is not a strong predictor of future cardiovascular risk among unselected women...

..Whether concentrations of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) are raised in apparently healthy individuals who later suffer acute myocardial infarction is unknown...

..Assessment of CRP genetic variants identified patients with higher and lower CRP elevation after acute coronary syndrome...

..Quantitative analysis suggested that the effect on CRP is more likely a consequence of intrinsic functional differences among the E2, E3, and E4 apoE proteins than different levels of apoE protein or LDL-C in the plasma...

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..We hypothesized that statins might prevent coronary events in persons with elevated C-reactive protein levels who did not have overt hyperlipidemia...

..Recent data have shown an association between polymorphisms of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 gene (PTGS2; alias COX-2), and prostaglandin-E receptor-2 gene (PTGER2) and risk of atherothrombotic disorders...

..Further trials are needed to confirm the potential benefits of statins amongst individuals with elevated CRP levels...

..In a small group of young Swedish men, this allele has been reported to predict risk of myocardial infarction. Whether this polymorphism increases risk of arterial and venous thrombosis among middle-aged men is unknown...

..To estimate ethnic-specific prevalence rates of factor V Leiden, an inherited defect of hemostasis associated with risk of venous thrombosis...

..Individuals with elevated levels of homocysteine tend to have higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. However, prospective studies of homocysteine are inconsistent and data among women are limited...

..The addition of CRP screening to traditional lipid testing has the potential to identify individuals at high risk for future cardiovascular events who may benefit from targeted preventive interventions...

..However, little clinical data are available evaluating the role of soluble P-selectin in determining vascular risk...

..Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in inflammation and tissue injury. However, epidemiological data evaluating the role of IL-6 in atherogenesis are sparse...

..These data also highlight the importance of hypothesis testing studies in genetic epidemiology, particularly for hypotheses generated from small samples or post hoc subgroup analyses...

..C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among apparently healthy men, but in women, virtually no data are available...

..The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between a set of well-characterized genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene and the incidence of type 2 diabetes...

..However, prospective data relating evidence of prior exposure to these agents with risks of future myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are sparse...

..Published reports of a relationship between lipids and incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) are conflicting...

..Although ACE inhibitor therapy has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), the optimal dose and the timing of its initiation have not been determined...

..001). Taken together, these data imply significant interactions between both genetic and environmental contributions to the increased CRP levels that predict a greater risk of future atherothrombotic events in epidemiological studies...

..These data provide evidence that statins may have anti-inflammatory effects in addition to lipid-lowering effects...

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..Thus, in contrast to prior studies, these data indicate that screening for CD14 C(-260)T genotypes is unlikely to be a useful tool for risk assessment...

..Polymorphisms in candidate genes related to lipid metabolism, thrombosis, hemostasis, cell-matrix adhesion, and inflammation have been suggested clinically useful in risk assessment of cardiovascular disease...

..We examined the association between HbA1c measured in stored erythrocytes and mortality rate in women with and without diabetes...

..However, the time course and magnitude of this effect in both primary and secondary prevention is controversial...

..These data suggest that increased blood pressure may be a stimulus for inflammation and that this is a possible mechanism underlying the well-established role of hypertension as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is a marker for increased cardiovascular risk...

..We investigated whether the distribution of the C148T polymorphism is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk...

..66, P = 0.72) yielded similar null findings. In conclusion, we found no evidence for an association between the CRP polymorphisms/haplotypes tested and the risk of venous thromboembolism...

..Whether or not accelerated t-PA has a small advantage for mortality is less conclusive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..In this large cohort of women, only a modest association was found between migraine and adverse levels of certain cardiovascular biomarkers...

..CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with idiopathic VTE, measurement of D-dimer, but not FVIIIc, might be useful for risk stratification. The efficacy of extended low-intensity warfarin therapy did not vary by biomarker level...

..Because of its relationship to inflammation, hs-CRP has considerable biologic variation. This study was carried out to characterize CRP variation and to compare it to another risk factor, total serum cholesterol...

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..Background is also provided to assist physicians in deciding whether one or more of these novel markers deserve clinical consideration in general outpatient settings...

..However, whether measurement of CRP adds to the predictive value of total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in determining risk is uncertain...

..14, one-sided P = 0.03). CALU rs339097 A>G is associated with higher warfarin dose requirements, independent of known genetic and nongenetic predictors of warfarin dose in African Americans...

..The role of Helicobacter pylori as a determinant of cardiovascular disease is controversial...

..It is unknown, however, whether elevations of circulating sCD40L precede the onset of acute cardiovascular symptoms...

..Taken together, these data raise the possibility that therapies targeting chronic low-grade inflammation may provide novel future strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention...

..Chlamydia pneumoniae has been hypothesized to play a role in atherothrombosis. However, prospective data relating exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae and risks of future myocardial infarction (MI) are sparse...

..Whether this mutation increases the risks of arterial and venous thrombosis among healthy individuals is controversial...

..05). In contrast with prior retrospective and cross-sectional studies, no evidence was found that baseline levels of cystatin-C or mannose binding protein are associated with an increased risk of future arterial disease...

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..However, the generalizability, speed of onset, and dose-response characteristics of this effect are uncertain...

..C-Reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant that reflects low-grade systemic inflammation, has been studied in a variety of cardiovascular diseases...

..12 (0.94-1.35) for angina/revascularization. These results provide reassuring evidence that vasectomy does not materially increase the risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease, even 15 or more years following the procedure...

..These findings also raise the possibility that the efficacy of pravastatin may partly result from anti-inflammatory as well as lipid lowering properties...

..To facilitate use of these pharmacogenetic and clinical algorithms, we developed a nonprofit website, http://www.WarfarinDosing.org...

..There is paucity of data on the differential leucocyte count and its relationship with the risk of CHD and CVD...

..The study was done to determine whether the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene increases the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), both alone and in combination with factor V Leiden...

..We investigated the relation among the ADH3 polymorphism, the level of alcohol consumption, and the risk of myocardial infarction in a nested case-control study based on data from the prospective Physicians' Health Study...

..The findings highlight a potentially important role for imbalance between cysteine proteases and cystatin C in arterial wall remodeling and establish that cystatin C deficiency occurs in vascular disease...

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..The role of statin therapy for plaque stabilization in acute coronary syndromes, and for prevention of future plaque rupture among healthy individuals with evidence of vascular inflammation, is an area of active research...