I Min Lee

..The aim of this paper is to examine whether physical activity plays any role in the prevention of cancer...

..Among patients with established coronary artery disease, physical activity also reduces all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates...

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..However, among those with no major risk factors, even 1-2 episodes/week generating 1,000 kcal/week or more can postpone mortality...

..00, 0.98, 0.92, and 1.31, respectively) nor BMI (corresponding findings: 1.00, 0.84, 1.08, and 0.99, respectively) significantly predicted pancreatic cancer mortality...

..To highlight a fun activity--the sport of wife carrying--and to investigate factors associated with better performance...

..In 2008, federal guidelines recommended at least 150 minutes per week (7.5 metabolic equivalent [MET] hours per week) of moderate-intensity activity for "substantial health benefits."..

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..Randomized trials do not generally support benefits of vitamin E, but there are few trials of long duration among initially healthy persons...

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..The findings from this prospective study suggest that moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk...

..Alcohol consumption is a source of energy intake that may contribute to body weight gain and development of obesity. However, previous studies of this relationship have been limited, with inconsistent results...

..B vitamins such as folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 are coenzymes that are important for DNA integrity and stability. Deficiency in these B vitamins may promote tumor carcinogenesis...

..Basic research and observational evidence as well as results from trials of colon polyp recurrence suggest a role for aspirin in the chemoprevention of cancer...

..The increased risk of breast cancer associated with high cysteine levels warrants further investigation...

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..Our objective was to study the combined association of physical activity and body mass index on CHD...

..supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020-7136/suppmat/index.html)...

..Data provide little support for an association of calcium and vitamin D intake with colorectal cancer risk...

..However, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy populations and any interaction with physical activity remain unclear...

..Variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is associated with obesity. The extent to which separate and combined effects of physical activity and caloric intake modify this association remains unclear...

..However, we observed significant associations in some subgroups, which should be evaluated further in other studies because increasing vitamin D intake is an easy preventive measure to adopt...

..71 to 1.16; P(trend) = .19; crude incidence rates: 273 versus 305 per 100,000 person-years). Our data suggest that baseline plasma CRP levels are not associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in apparently healthy women...

..Flavonoids may protect against cancer development through several biological mechanisms. However, epidemiologic studies on dietary flavonoids and cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results...

..These data, like those from the Women's Health Initiative, show no significant increase in breast cancer risk with use of oral conjugated estrogen alone (0.625 mg/day), but a small increase or decrease in risk cannot be excluded...

..An alternative explanation is that other factors related to dietary intakes of folate and vitamin B(6) account for the inverse associations...

..The molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain to be defined...

..These data suggest that higher HbA1c concentrations do not seem to increase risk of breast cancer among apparently healthy women...

..Animal data suggest the potential anticarcinogenic effects of calcium and vitamin D on breast cancer development. However, epidemiologic data relating calcium and vitamin D levels to breast cancer have been inconclusive...

..Despite diffuse effects of sex hormones on the cardiovascular system, few prospective studies have examined the relationship of plasma androgens and estrogens with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women...

..Given the role of estrogens in endometrial carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that genetic variation in StAR and CYP11A1 genes may influence endometrial cancer risk...

..We prospectively investigated the role of BMI in colorectal cancer risk along with the modifying effects of estrogen in a large cohort from the Women's Health Study...

..Our hypothesis is that variant alleles in key genes involved in the IGF pathway will influence the development of endometrial cancer...

..09). No significant association was observed between reproductive factors and colorectal cancer risk. These findings provide some support for a potential role of OCs in reducing risk of colorectal cancer...

..When telomeres become dysfunctional, genomic instability ensues. The vast majority of cells undergo apoptosis, although a rare cell may survive and become tumorigenic...

..Whether these associations are modified by physical activity, which increases HDL-C levels and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, is uncertain...

..The purpose of this study was to examine whether levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are associated with increased risk of subsequent RA...

..This project sought to examine the relation between egg intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in two large prospective cohorts...

..bottom, relative risks were 0.65 and 0.70, respectively). Overall, these results do not support a positive association between circulating androgen levels and ovarian cancer risk...

..There are few data directly comparing the effects of physical activity and body weight on cardiovascular biomarkers...

..Previous randomized trial data have demonstrated a beneficial effect of low-dose aspirin in reducing other inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and colorectal adenomas, but no trial has evaluated the role of aspirin in RA prevention...

..However, intake of fried foods and/or other factors related to their intake may be associated with colorectal cancer development. This finding warrants further examination...

..To date, no prospective epidemiological data are available, particularly in women, on mean leukocyte telomere length as a risk predictor...

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..Overall, our results do not support a positive association between IGF-related proteins and ovarian cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1691-5)...

..We investigated the independent and joint associations between vigorous activity and BMI on diabetes risk in men...

..We prospectively examined the association between dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fiber and colorectal cancer risk in a large female cohort from the Women's Health Study...

..Vitamin E supplements may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through antioxidant effects. Although previous observational studies have investigated this question, no randomized trial data are available...

..Endometrial adenocarcinoma is linked to excessive exposure to estrogens. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes HSD17b2 and HSD17b4 may alter the enzyme activity, estradiol levels and risk of disease...

..Physical inactivity and body mass index (BMI) are established independent risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes; however, their comparative importance and joint relationship with diabetes are unclear...

..Although the precise mechanisms underlying this inverse association are unclear, differences in several cardiovascular risk factors may mediate this effect...

..83-1.04) (P = 0.21) compared with those randomized to placebo. In this large trial with 10-year follow-up, alternate-day doses of 600 IU vitamin E provided no significant benefit for type 2 diabetes in initially healthy women...

..Laboratory studies suggest that vitamin D may inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth. However, epidemiologic studies of vitamin D and pancreatic cancer risk have been conflicting...

..Human studies have not shown consistent results. We examined the association between intakes of fish and n-3 fatty acids from fish and colorectal cancer risk in men enrolled in the Physicians' Health Study...

..The associations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with endometrial cancer risk have been inconsistent...

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..Our data suggest that these UGT polymorphisms do not contribute significantly to endometrial cancer risk...

..It is unknown whether moderate-intensity exercise, relative to an individual's capacity, is associated with reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) rates...

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..Colorectal cancer is a common and preventable disease for which screening rates remain unacceptably low...

..No prospective data are available, however, on the risk of atherothrombotic disorders in persons with ADIPOQ variations who do not have diabetes...

..We hypothesized that regular PA, possibly acting through reductions in blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), would reduce the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in women...

..To examine the association of biomarkers of inflammation with preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..Prospective studies of a larger sample size and longer duration are warranted to confirm our findings...

..CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data suggest that use of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy imparts an increased risk of breast cancer in comparison with never use of PMH...

..Advancing age did not attenuate the increased risk of death associated with obesity. Lean men (BMI<20) did not have excess mortality, regardless of age...

..87; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.73) for endometrial cancer. We observed no association between age at diagnosis and genotype. Women carrying two copies of the MDM2 SNP309 variant may be at greater risk of endometrial cancer...

..92 (0.55-1.56), 0.42 (0.23-0.75), and 0.49 (0.26-0.92; P(trend) = 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, vitamin B(6) may protect against colorectal cancer independent of other one-carbon metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers...

..We examined the association between alcohol and CVD and death in 26 399 women and estimated the proportion of reduced risk of CVD/death explained by a series of intermediate factors...

..34-1.28), and among women with the Ff or ff genotype the OR was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.43-1.18). Our results of an association with the Fok1 VDR polymorphism further support a role of the vitamin D pathway in ovarian carcinogenesis...

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..Instead, previous reviews have used qualitative estimates such as low, moderate, and high physical activity...

..Although dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids may confer some cardiovascular benefits, it is unclear whether these nutrients may also unfavorably affect risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)...

..77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.07; P value for difference between colon and rectal cancer = 0.20). These data suggest an inverse association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer, with a stronger association for rectal cancer...

..0, 2.9, 3.4, and 5.6; P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION: C-reactive protein appears to independently predict cardiovascular events but not cancer...

..0001). DISCUSSION: A low initial BMI does not ameliorate the increase in risk of type 2 diabetes with weight gain. Avoidance of weight gain, even among lean individuals, is important to reduce the risk of this disease...

..Physical activity has generally been inversely related to the risk of developing stroke, but details regarding the amount and kinds of activity required are unclear as are associations for specific stroke subtypes...

..CONCLUSIONS: Plasma CRP levels do not appear to predict an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer in apparently healthy women. Low-grade inflammation may not play an important role in increasing the risk for colorectal cancer...

..09, 95% CI = 1.13 to 3.87; P(trend) =.08) were also statistically significantly associated with increased risk. Thus, our data indicate that a diet with a high dietary glycemic load may increase the risk of colorectal cancer in women...

..CONCLUSIONS: Tea intake, likely consumed as black tea, was not strongly associated with a reduced risk of CVD in this population of US college alumni...

..82 to 1.18). When considered separately, there was also no increase in risk of MI or angina. CONCLUSION: These prospective data suggest that migraine is not associated with increased risk of subsequent CHD events in women or men...

..Limited data are available on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer mortality. We evaluated the cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cancer mortality in Japanese men...

..To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men...

..To study the relationship of physical activity and obesity with all-cause mortality in Puerto Rican Men...

..These data suggest that regular physical activity, particularly when performed during the year before pregnancy and during early pregnancy, is associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and BMI with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women...

..A significant inverse association exists between physical activity, including that of moderate intensity, such as walking, and risk of colon cancer in women that is more pronounced for distal tumors...

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..CONCLUSIONS: In this study, relative intensity of recreational physical activity performed during the year before pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia...

..We examined the relationship between 1) physical activity during young adulthood and middle age, and 2) physical activity during each time period and CHD occurring in middle age or older...

..40; 95% CI 0.23-0.68). These data suggest that recreational physical activity performed before and/or during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of GDM...

..31, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.79). Findings suggest that efforts to increase maternal physical activity may contribute to substantial reductions in gestational diabetes mellitus risk...

..Findings from these analyses will have public health significance for a highly fatal disease. ..

..We also will examine CHD risk among men cross-classified by both physical activity and body weight. This proposal, at relatively little cost, will provide important information of public health significance. ..

..We also will examine men aged <65, 65-74, and 75+ years. This large database provides a unique and cost-effective opportunity to answer questions of public health importance. ..

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..This study will provide important information for planning or redesigning communities in order to maximize the potential for physical activity and health. ..