Research Topics
| Dale N GerdingSummaryCountry: USA Publications
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Management of Clostridium difficile infection: thinking inside and outside the boxDale N Gerding
Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA
Clin Infect Dis 51:1306-13. 2010..difficile. These reports provide optimism that more-effective management of CDI is forthcoming...- Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strainJennifer R O'Connor
Research Service, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA
Gastroenterology 136:1913-24. 2009..Control of hospital outbreaks caused by BI/NAP1/027 is difficult but possible through a combination of barrier precautions, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship... - Global epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in 2010Dale N Gerding
Research Service, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60611, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31:S32-4. 2010..The epidemic is due in part to the emergence of a previously rare and now more lethal C. difficile strain variously named group BI, ribotype 027, and North American pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis type 1... - Clostridium difficile infection prevention: biotherapeutics, immunologics, and vaccinesDale N Gerding
Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
Discov Med 13:75-83. 2012.... - Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacteriumRichard A Stabler
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
Genome Biol 10:R102. 2009..difficile (CD196), a recent epidemic and hypervirulent 027 (R20291) and a previously sequenced PCR-ribotype 012 strain (630)... - Measures to control and prevent Clostridium difficile infectionDale N Gerding
Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:S43-9. 2008..The efficacy of metronidazole or vancomycin prophylaxis to prevent CDI in patients who are receiving other antimicrobials is unproven, and treatment with these agents is ineffective against C. difficile in asymptomatic carriers... - Treatment of Clostridium difficile infectionDale N Gerding
Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:S32-42. 2008..difficile vaccine... - Clostridium difficile 30 years on: what has, or has not, changed and why?Dale N Gerding
Research Service, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, 5000 S 5th Avenue, Building 1, Room C344, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Int J Antimicrob Agents 33:S2-8. 2009..difficile organism and the host at the mucosal level, so that biotherapeutic and vaccine strategies for the prevention of CDI can be developed... - Rifaximin Redux: treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections with rifaximin immediately post-vancomycin treatmentStuart Johnson
Research Service, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141 3030, USA
Anaerobe 15:290-1. 2009..C. difficile isolates from one of the two patients who failed treatment had an MIC of >256 microg/ml to rifampin. Serial therapy with vancomycin, followed by rifaximin remains an option for some patients with multiple CDI recurrences... - Vaccination with parenteral toxoid B protects hamsters against lethal challenge with toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive clostridium difficile but does not prevent colonizationFarida Siddiqui
Research Service, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
J Infect Dis 205:128-33. 2012..To determine the role of toxin B in these strains, we immunized hamsters with a toxoid prepared from purified toxin B to determine whether they would be protected from lethal challenge with an A-/B+ strain of C. difficile... - A mouse model of Clostridium difficile-associated diseaseXinhua Chen
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Gastroenterology 135:1984-92. 2008..The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of antibiotic-induced C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) that more closely resembles human disease... - Distribution of Clostridium difficile strains from a North American, European and Australian trial of treatment for C. difficile infections: 2005-2007Adam K Cheknis
Research Service, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141 3030, USA
Anaerobe 15:230-3. 2009..International surveillance of C. difficile strains is important to document the changing epidemiology of this enteric pathogen that continues to cause healthcare facility outbreaks and sporadic infections in other settings... - Rifampin and rifaximin resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridium difficileJennifer R O'Connor
Hines VA Hospital, 5000 South 5th Ave, Hines, IL 60141 3030, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:2813-7. 2008..We propose that rifaximin resistance in C. difficile results from mutations in RpoB and that rifampin resistance predicts rifaximin resistance for this organism... - New approach to the management of Clostridium difficile infection: colonisation with non-toxigenic C. difficile during daily ampicillin or ceftriaxone administrationMichelle M Merrigan
Research Service, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Int J Antimicrob Agents 33:S46-50. 2009.... - Prevention of fatal Clostridium difficile-associated disease during continuous administration of clindamycin in hamstersMichelle M Merrigan
Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System, Lakeside Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Infect Dis 188:1922-7. 2003..The benefits of use of Cm-resistant nontoxigenic C. difficile to prevent CDAD must be balanced against the risk that resistance might be transferred to other enteric bacteria... - In vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 110 toxigenic clostridium difficile clinical isolates collected from 1983 to 2004David W Hecht
Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:2716-9. 2007..These in vitro susceptibility results are encouraging and support continued evaluation of selected antimicrobials in clinical trials of treatment for CDAD... - Infection of hamsters with historical and epidemic BI types of Clostridium difficileNadia Razaq
Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
J Infect Dis 196:1813-9. 2007..Our objective was to compare, in hamsters, the virulence of a historical nonepidemic BI type, BI1, with that of 2 recent epidemic BI types, BI6 and BI17, and with that of 2 standard toxigenic strains, K14 and 630... - Human hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains exhibit increased sporulation as well as robust toxin productionMichelle Merrigan
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
J Bacteriol 192:4904-11. 2010..Increased sporulation, potentially in synergy with robust toxin production, may therefore contribute to the widespread disease now associated with hypervirulent C. difficile strains... - Onset of symptoms and time to diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated disease following discharge from an acute care hospitalHeidi T Chang
Department of Veterans Affairs, Midwest Center for Health Services and Policy Research and Research Service, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:926-31. 2007..To identify patients with a diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in the ambulatory care setting and determine the relationship of symptom onset and diagnosis to prior hospitalization and exposure to antimicrobials... - Clostridium difficile infection rates and spectrum of disease among peripartum women at one hospital from 2003 to 2007 with molecular typing analysis of recovered Clostridium difficile isolatesAnilrudh A Venugopal
Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
Am J Infect Control 39:206-11. 2011..We determined the incidence and clinical features of CDI in peripartum women in the Loyola University Medical Center system and describe typing of C difficile isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA)... - International typing study of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile variantsStuart Johnson
Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System, Lakeside Division, and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:1543-7. 2003..difficile disease in the United Kingdom and the United States. C. difficile A(-)/B(+) variants of apparent clonal origin are widely distributed in Europe and North America... - Measuring the severity of Clostridium difficile infection: implications for management and drug developmentJaime Belmares
Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Building 54, Room 149, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 6:897-908. 2008..The availability of a standardized and validated system for stratifying CDI severity could improve patient management and potentially accelerate the development of new treatment agents... - Outcome of metronidazole therapy for Clostridium difficile disease and correlation with a scoring systemJaime Belmares
Infectious Disease Section, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
J Infect 55:495-501. 2007..To determine the response rate of Clostridium difficile disease (CDD) to treatment with metronidazole and assess a scoring system to predict response to treatment with metronidazole when applied at the time of CDD diagnosis... - Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rubs for removal of Clostridium difficile spores from handsUmair Jabbar
Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31:565-70. 2010..Alcohol is not effective against Clostridium difficile spores. We examined the retention of C. difficile spores on the hands of volunteers after ABHR use and the subsequent transfer of these spores through physical contact... - Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximinStuart Johnson
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
Clin Infect Dis 44:846-8. 2007..difficile was recovered after treatment. A controlled trial for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea appears to be warranted... - Clostridium difficile infection in 2010: advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of CDIDale N Gerding
Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, 5000 South 5th Avenue, Hines, IL 60141, USA
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:67-8. 2011..Both toxins A and B are essential virulence factors, pcr diagnostic testing is rapid, sensitive and specific, and recurrent CDI can be prevented using monoclonal antibodies to toxins A and B... - Predominance of a single restriction endonuclease analysis group with intrahospital subgroup diversity among Clostridium difficile isolates at two Chicago hospitalsEndale T Mekonen
Department of Medicine, Chicago Healthcare System, Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23:648-52. 2002..difficile strains from different hospitals in the same city and suggest the possibility of an extended outbreak of a prototype group K strain with subsequent genetic drift at the two different institutions... - Colonization for the prevention of Clostridium difficile disease in hamstersSusan P Sambol
Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System, Lakeside Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Infect Dis 186:1781-9. 2002.... - A hospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile disease associated with isolates carrying binary toxin genesM Catherine McEllistrem
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 2582, USA
Clin Infect Dis 40:265-72. 2005..The binary toxin genes cdt and cdtB have been detected in approximately 5% of Clostridium difficile strains. Severe C. difficile disease (CDD) may be associated with strains that carry the binary toxin genes... - Clostridium difficile-associated disease treatment response depends on definition of cureSteven J Lawrence
Clin Infect Dis 45:1648; author reply 1649-51. 2007 - Metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated disease: is it okay for Mom?Dale N Gerding
Clin Infect Dis 40:1598-600. 2005 - Difference in the incidence of Clostridium difficile among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus admitted to a public hospital and a private hospitalJoseph J Pulvirenti
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23:641-7. 2002..Although two strains heavily contaminated the environment at CCH, only one caused an outbreak, suggesting that factors other than the environment are important in initiating C. difficile outbreaks... - Binary toxin-producing, large clostridial toxin-negative Clostridium difficile strains are enterotoxic but do not cause disease in hamstersBarbara Geric
Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
J Infect Dis 193:1143-50. 2006..Binary toxin CDT may play an adjunctive role to toxins A and B in the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated disease but by itself may not be sufficient to cause disease... - Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for investigation of Clostridium difficile transmission in HospitalsJane W Marsh
Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Medical Center, Division of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, 865 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
J Clin Microbiol 44:2558-66. 2006..Thus, MLVA is an objective, portable genotyping method that permits reliable detection of C. difficile outbreaks and can aid epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial transmission... - New definitions will help, but cultures are critical for resolving unanswered questions about Clostridium difficileDale N Gerding
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:113-5. 2007 - Comparison of seven techniques for typing international epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile: restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR-ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat anGeorge Killgore
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 46:431-7. 2008..All techniques appear to be capable of detecting outbreak strains, but only REA and MLVA showed sufficient discrimination to distinguish strains from different outbreaks... - Clinical recognition and diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infectionJohn G Bartlett
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:S12-8. 2008..Often overlooked aspects of this diagnosis are high white blood cell counts (which are sometimes in the leukemoid range) and hypoalbuminemia... - Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardshipTimothy H Dellit
Harborview Medical Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Clin Infect Dis 44:159-77. 2007 - Epidemiology and outcome of Clostridium difficile infection and diarrhea in HIV infected inpatientsJoseph J Pulvirenti
Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College, Hektoen Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 44:325-30. 2002..02) and received more antibiotics (p =.002). C. difficile was frequently present in our HIV infected patients, especially those with advanced HIV disease, but appeared to have little impact on morbidity or mortality... - Clindamycin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: this is an antimicrobial resistance problemDale N Gerding
Clin Infect Dis 38:646-8. 2004 - Distribution of Clostridium difficile variant toxinotypes and strains with binary toxin genes among clinical isolates in an American hospitalBarbara Geric
Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana
J Med Microbiol 53:887-94. 2004..8 %), all of which were variant toxinotypes. Toxin variants of C. difficile are pathogenic and commonly isolated and need to be considered when evaluating new diagnostic testing strategies for C. difficile disease... - Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile cause distinct pseudomembranous intestinal diseasesM Kent Froberg
University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
Clin Infect Dis 39:747-50. 2004..difficile infection, as well as confluent, loosely adherent pseudomembranes in the small bowel. Identification of MRSA in the small bowel pseudomembrane by polymerase chain reaction supports S. aureus as an enteric pathogen... - Frequency of binary toxin genes among Clostridium difficile strains that do not produce large clostridial toxinsBarbara Geric
Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
J Clin Microbiol 41:5227-32. 2003..This previously unknown variation was found in three isolates that were unrelated by REA typing. LCT-negative, binary toxin-positive strains were isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and from the hospital environment... - Revised nomenclature of Clostridium difficile toxins and associated genesMaja Rupnik
Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
J Med Microbiol 54:113-7. 2005..difficile toxins and other related large clostridial toxins produced by Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium novyi, and corresponding toxin genes, as well as toxin production types of C. difficile strains... - Toxinotype V Clostridium difficile in humans and food animalsMichael A Jhung
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 14:1039-45. 2008..Further study is needed to understand the epidemiology of CDAD caused by toxinotype V C. difficile, including the potential of foodborne transmission to humans... - Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile correlated with previous antibiotic exposureMatthew H Samore
VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
Microb Drug Resist 12:23-8. 2006..Resistance of specific C. difficile strains to clindamycin and other antimicrobial agents may contribute to their hospital dissemination and explain, in part, the propensity of clindamycin to trigger nosocomial outbreaks... - An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficileL Clifford McDonald
Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
N Engl J Med 353:2433-41. 2005..difficile with increased virulence, resistance, or both...