Ulrike Peters

..This has stimulated extensive laboratory and clinical research, as well as much commercial and public enthusiasm. However, the epidemiologic evidence remains inconclusive...

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..We assessed the associations between CASR gene variants and risk for colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor. We further investigated gene-diet interactions between the CASR variants and calcium intake on adenoma risk...

..Calcium can reduce the risk of colorectal tumors by binding secondary bile and fatty acids, which leads to antiproliferative effects in the bowel, or by acting directly on the colonic epithelium, which affects differentiation and apoptosis...

..Furthermore, characterization of functional effects of polymorphisms in selenoenzymes is needed...

..Although substantial evidence suggests that smoking is a strong effect modifier for other antioxidative nutrients, little is known about smoking-selenium interactions in colorectal tumors...

..03; combined p value 1.9 × 10(-4)). Our study suggests a complex nature of the contribution of common genetic variants to risk for colorectal cancer...

..We aimed to investigate the association of vitamin E and selenium supplementation with prostate cancer in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study, a cohort study specifically designed to examine supplement use and future cancer risk...

..We therefore investigated whether genetic variants in selenoenzymes abundantly expressed in the colon are associated with advanced colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor...

..Interrelations with other antioxidative agents and oxidative stressors, such as smoking, are poorly understood...

..We also examined interactions among CASR, calcium, and vitamin D intake and previously genotyped vitamin D-related genes...

..Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene are substantially associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and could influence hormone therapy effects...

..However, vitamin E supplementation in male smokers and beta-carotene supplementation in men with low dietary beta-carotene intakes were associated with reduced risk of this disease...

..Increased understanding of relevant germline genetic variation with disease outcome could aid in the development of vitamin-D-based therapies...

..Results from the most comprehensive evaluation of serum vitamin D and its related genes to date suggest that tag SNPS in the 3' UTR of VDR may be associated with risk of prostate cancer in men with low vitamin D status...

..Genome-wide association studies and subsequent replication studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the chromosomal region 8q24 are associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility...

..Grapeseed may be a potential chemopreventive agent; however, as current evidence is limited, it should not yet be promoted for prevention of prostate cancer...

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..Further research is needed to better understand the significance of elevations in serum retinol concentrations and the possible biological mechanisms through which retinol affects prostate cancer...

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..05). Polymorphisms in the IL6, LEPR, TNF and ADIPOQ genes were not associated with prostate cancer. Allelic variants in the LEP gene are related to prostate cancer risk, supporting a role for leptin in prostate carcinogenesis...

..As this is the first study to evaluate these genes in relation to colon cancer, additional studies are needed to confirm these results...

..Evidence for protective associations in subjects with a family history of prostate cancer requires further corroboration...

..However, for BPC cancers, which have modest familial aggregation, our analysis suggests that risk models based on common variants alone will have modest discriminatory power (63.5% area under curve), even with new discoveries...

..To examine the association between breast cancer risk and the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in prediagnostic serum samples...

..01-1.61). In conclusion, very well done meat was positively associated with prostate cancer risk. In addition, this study lends epidemiologic support to the animal studies, which have implicated PhIP as a prostate carcinogen...

..04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19). Our study of screening-detected colorectal adenomas shows that red meat and meat cooked at high temperatures are associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma...

..Furthermore, we found no relationship between calcium intake and circulating vitamin D...

..Furthermore, genetic variants in selenoenzymes may be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..Because few other epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between zinc and prostate cancer, and these have not yielded consistent findings, further research is needed...

..We investigated the association of circulating vitamin D metabolites and a genetic variant of the VDR gene with advanced colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer...

..These results contribute further evidence that aspirin may have chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer and highlight the need for additional research...

..Multivitamin and vitamin E use were not associated with cancer mortality. Some of the associations we observed were small and may have been due to unmeasured healthy behaviors that were more common in supplement users...

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..A potential susceptibility locus for colorectal cancer on chromosome 9p24 (rs719725) was initially identified through a genome-wide association study, though replication attempts have been inconclusive...

..Fat intake modified the APC D1822V-adenoma association, but further studies are warranted...

..Although dietary fibre has been reported to have no association with colorectal adenoma and cancer, in some studies this topic remains controversial...

..49, 95% confidence interval = 0.25-0.95 for haplotype G-C vs. haplotype C-C). The findings should be confirmed in follow-up studies, and further investigation is required to probe the functional basis of this finding...

..The data from this study indicate that urinary mutagenicity correlates with mutagenic exposure from cooked meat and can potentially be used as a marker in etiological studies on cancer...

..Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the VDR gene may be associated with prostate cancer risk and, therefore, that the vitamin D pathway might have an etiologic role in the development of prostate cancer...

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..008. This study confirms the association between colorectal neoplasia and the 8q24 polymorphisms located between 128.47 and 128.54 Mb and suggests a role for these variants in the formation of multiple adenomas...

..Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FGFR2 gene relate strongly to breast cancer risk and could influence intervention effects...

..The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers localize to the BNC2 gene, which has been associated with ovarian development...

..Elucidating the role of variation in these pathways may enhance our understanding of colon cancer etiology...

..Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas...

..This method requires the assignment of a single score to each exposure category. We examined how closely meta-analytical categorical regression approximates the results of analysis based on the individual-level continuous exposure...

..03 and 0.02, respectively). Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that common genetic variants in selenoenzymes affect their activity...

..These studies have primarily been conducted in populations of European descent. To fully understand the impact of these loci, it is important to study groups with other genetic ancestries, including African American women...

..Utilizing simulated data in the context of two genomic regions GPX1 and GPX3, we evaluate the validity of the proposed test for small sample sizes and study its power in the presence and absence of missing genotype data...

..Genotype by environment interactions may contribute further to such explanation, and may help to refine the genomic regions of interest...

..10-0.60). In this cohort study, use of multivitamins and single antioxidant supplements was associated with a significantly reduced risk of EA and markers of neoplastic progression among individuals with Barrett's esophagus...

..Hence, we investigated the correlation between serum and prostate tissue selenium concentrations and prostate tissue activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), a major selenoenzyme with antioxidant properties...

..2-13.9, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile). In our study population, diet may have contributed to mutagenic exposure, which was positively associated with colorectal adenoma risk...

..The study aim was to identify dietary and other factors that influence toenail zinc in a healthy population, in order to understand the usefulness of this biomarker in public health studies...

..g., diet), biochemical, and genetic factors. Early detection studies focus on blood-based biologic markers of early disease. Clinical epidemiology is also an important component of the PLCO trial...

..Continuing advances in genotyping technologies and the inclusion of DNA collection in observational studies have resulted in an increasing number of genetic association studies...

..Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the most common omega-3 fatty acid in the Western diet. The relation of dietary intake of ALA to prostate cancer risk remains unresolved...

..1: OR 0·6, >2 servings/d v. ? 1: OR 0·7), but this association was not statistically significant for the highest tertile. The present study suggests that specific dietary components may be associated with endometriosis risk...

..A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials of aspirin reported a reduction in cancer mortality; however, few studies have investigated whether aspirin or other NSAIDs reduce overall cancer risk...

..To evaluate the relationship between common genetic variation in genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of estrogen and progesterone and endometriosis risk...

..The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification (DM) Trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of a low-fat (?20% of total energy) or a usual diet in relation to chronic disease risk in postmenopausal women...

..Several epidemiologic studies have reported inverse associations between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk, although many studies are limited by assessment of short-term use only...

..Only one small epidemiological study has been conducted of boron, which found that those in the highest quartile of boron intake had less than half the risk of prostate cancer versus those in the lowest quartile...

..We investigated the association between dietary fibre intake and risk of CRC in a cohort of women that prospectively answered a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)...

..Our results show that the performance of the inverse variance weight is always indistinguishable from the optimal weight and similar to or better than the other two methods...

..Patients with celiac disease have an increased risk of death from gastrointestinal malignancies and lymphomas, but little is known about mortality from other causes and few studies have assessed long-term outcomes...

..Several epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk of prostate cancer, but the findings are inconsistent and data on clinically relevant advanced prostate cancer are limited...

..These results suggest that the Ala variant of SOD2 is associated with moderately increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly among men with lower intakes of dietary and supplemental vitamin E...

..It is possible that high-glycemic-load diets, through their hyperinsulinemic effects, can increase the risk of colorectal cancer...

..For the Seronorm certified reference material a value of 911+/-75 microg L-1 (n=31) for zinc was obtained, which corresponds well to the certified zinc value of 920+/-60 microg L-1...

..Research on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of colorectal adenoma is inconclusive...

..e., diet or supplements)...

..lt;or=2 = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99; P-trend = 0.08). Following the current U.S. dietary recommendations or a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of colorectal adenoma, especially in men...

..Screening of the two SNPs in a population of hernia inguinalis affected full and half sib piglets (n = 223) revealed that the SNPs can be excluded as a common genetic basis for this congenital disorder in this pedigree...

..Since mutations in the mitochondrial genome are associated with hearing loss, we analyzed whether sequence variations of mtDNA are associated with individual sensitivity to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity...

..The results indicate that predominant fimA genotypes in Caucasian periodontitis patients are types I, II, and IV. However, there was no difference in the association of the various fimA genotypes with disease severity...

..Given the public health importance of colorectal cancer and the increasing use of selenium supplements in the United States, there is a need for the type of investigation that we are proposing. ..

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..We expect our findings to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying colorectal carcinogenesis. In turn, this will lead to improved prevention and treatment strategies. ..

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..Given the public health importance of colorectal cancer and the increasing use of selenium supplements in the United States, there is a need for the type of investigation that we are proposing. ..

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