Ian A Critchley

..To assess the activities of levofloxacin and the comparator agents erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and doxycycline against atypical respiratory pathogens...

..Future studies to characterise resistant isolates by other molecular methods may ensure that the appropriate counter-measures can be taken to control the spread of resistant isolates...

..Combination antimicrobial therapy is often necessary to eradicate infections caused by gram-negative bacteria...

..03 microg/ml) were the most active agents tested against M. catarrhalis. The results of this study may serve as a baseline for future studies to monitor antimicrobial susceptibilities among respiratory pathogens in Thailand...

..pneumoniae were susceptible to levofloxacin. If fluoroquinolones become a treatment option for pediatric patients, careful monitoring of fluoroquinolone susceptibilities will be increasingly important in future surveillance studies...

..The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial profile of REP3123, a novel inhibitor of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) in development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection...

..aureus or S. pneumoniae was detected for the two NFQs. On the basis of their in vitro activities, these NFQ agents show potential for the treatment of infections caused by isolates resistant to currently available fluoroquinolones...

..However, a significant regional variation in S. pneumoniae susceptibilities was observed, as was a decrease in beta-lactamase rates among H. influenzae from the 1999-2000 to 2000-2001 respiratory seasons...

..Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA following SmaI digestion demonstrated identical patterns for each of the nine isolates, suggesting intra- and interhospital dissemination of a BLNAR clone...

..This study may serve as a baseline to monitor future changes in the susceptibility of gram-positive species to daptomycin following its introduction into clinical use...

..In conclusion, we demonstrate by biochemical, physiologic, and genetic mode-of-action studies that REP8839 exerts its antibacterial activity through specific inhibition of MetS, a novel target...

..TRUST centralized in vitro and electronic (TSN) surveillance methods provided an effective strategy for monitoring trends in resistance...

..Given the higher rates of macrolide resistance reported in other countries and the seriousness of invasive infections, continued antimicrobial surveillance of S. pyogenes in the United States would be prudent...

..53), and azithromycin (R2=0.41). Patient age, specimen source, and penicillin resistance were factors associated with antimicrobial resistance, particularly for nonfluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents...

..4%; P < 0.001), and levofloxacin (0.3%; P = 0.017). Resistance to ceftriaxone (0.1%; P = 0.809) and moxifloxacin (0.03%; P = 0.570) decreased. Concurrently, multidrug resistance increased (P < 0.001) from 6.3% to 11.3%...

..5 mug/ml for S. pneumoniae, 1 mug/ml for H. influenzae, and 0.5 mug/ml for M. catarrhalis, suggesting that faropenem shows promise as a treatment option for respiratory infections caused by contemporary resistant phenotypes...

..The potent in vitro activity of cefditoren against a recent US collection of pneumococci as demonstrated in this study supports its continued development for oral empiric therapy in outpatients with respiratory tract infections...

..5 and 1 microg/mL inhibited 93.1 and 100% of M. catarrhalis isolates, respectively. We conclude that cefditoren is highly active in vitro against beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis...

..influenzae strains, respectively; and 0.12 and 0.5 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-negative and -positive M. catarrhalis strains, respectively. Faropenem holds promise as an oral therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections...

..The results of this study provide a benchmark of the activity of daptomycin against contemporary European isolates and will serve as a baseline to monitor future changes in the susceptibility of these organisms to daptomycin...

..Future studies will determine how linezolid clinical use in Canada affects its in vitro activity...

..This novel agent was investigated for its ability to block the production of toxins and spores, and was tested for efficacy in vivo in a hamster model...

..pneumoniae, H. influenzae and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were susceptible to ceftaroline, with MIC(90)s of 0.03, 0.03 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, supporting its utility as a promising new agent for treatment of CAP...

..aureus highlights the need for a new topical antibiotic with the ability to inhibit high-level mupirocin-resistant strains and other emerging phenotypes, such as vancomycin-resistant and community-acquired methicillin-resistant isolates...

..The inhibition of chromosomal DNA replication results in bacterial cell death. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships and functional activity are described...

..aureus and can be formulated at high concentrations to minimize the development of resistance. A formulation of REP8839 has demonstrated efficacy in a porcine partial thickness wound infection model against mupirocin-resistant S. aureus...

..In summary, antimicrobial susceptibilities and the prevalence of beta-lactamase production in H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis in the United States has remained essentially unchanged from 1997-1998 to 1999...

..Increases in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae have been documented worldwide...

..8% of all baseline cSSSI isolates from the microbiologically evaluable population were inhibited by ceftaroline at ? 2 mg/L. Ceftaroline fosamil is a promising broad-spectrum agent for the treatment of cSSSIs...

..5% of all isolates. The MIC(90) of faropenem against serotype 19A isolates was 1 mug/ml, compared to > or =8 microg/ml against amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefdinir, cefuroxime axetil, and azithromycin...

..Faropenem was also active against Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes...

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..6%) and M. catarrhalis (86.2%-96.8%) also varied by region. Notable variation in regional antimicrobial resistance rates (S. pneumoniae) and beta-lactamase production (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis) exists throughout the United States...

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