N D Volkow

Summary

Affiliation: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Brain DA D2 receptors predict reinforcing effects of stimulants in humans: replication study
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 46:79-82. 2002
  2. ncbi Effects of route of administration on cocaine induced dopamine transporter blockade in the human brain
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Life Sci 67:1507-15. 2000
  3. ncbi Brain dopamine is associated with eating behaviors in humans
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Int J Eat Disord 33:136-42. 2003
  4. ncbi Mechanism of action of methylphenidate: insights from PET imaging studies
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Atten Disord 6:S31-43. 2002
  5. ncbi Cocaine abusers show a blunted response to alcohol intoxication in limbic brain regions
    N D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Life Sci 66:PL161-7. 2000
  6. ncbi Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Cereb Cortex 10:318-25. 2000
  7. ncbi Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:2015-21. 2001
  8. ncbi Imaging studies on the role of dopamine in cocaine reinforcement and addiction in humans
    N D Volkow
    Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, NY 11973, USA
    J Psychopharmacol 13:337-45. 1999
  9. ncbi Association between age-related decline in brain dopamine activity and impairment in frontal and cingulate metabolism
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 157:75-80. 2000
  10. ncbi The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies
    Nora D Volkow
    Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Clin Invest 111:1444-51. 2003

Research Grants

  1. PET STUDIES IN COCAINE ABUSE
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 1992
  2. STUDIES IN COCAINE ABUSERS
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 2001
  3. PHARMACOKINETICS OF PSYCHOSTIMULANTS AND REINFORCEMENT
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 2002

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications164 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Brain DA D2 receptors predict reinforcing effects of stimulants in humans: replication study
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 46:79-82. 2002
    ..These results replicate our previous findings and provide further evidence that striatal DA D2 receptors modulate reinforcing responses to stimulants in humans and may underlie predisposition for drug self-administration...
  2. ncbi Effects of route of administration on cocaine induced dopamine transporter blockade in the human brain
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Life Sci 67:1507-15. 2000
    ..The faster time course for the subjective effects for smoked than intravenous and for intravenous than for intranasal cocaine highlights the importance of the speed of cocaine's delivery into the brain on its reinforcing effects...
  3. ncbi Brain dopamine is associated with eating behaviors in humans
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Int J Eat Disord 33:136-42. 2003
    ..We investigate the role of dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter involved with food motivation, in these variables...
  4. ncbi Mechanism of action of methylphenidate: insights from PET imaging studies
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Atten Disord 6:S31-43. 2002
    ....
  5. ncbi Cocaine abusers show a blunted response to alcohol intoxication in limbic brain regions
    N D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Life Sci 66:PL161-7. 2000
    ..The blunted response to alcohol in limbic regions and in cortical regions connected to limbic areas could result from a decreased sensitivity of reward circuits in cocaine abusers...
  6. ncbi Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Cereb Cortex 10:318-25. 2000
    ....
  7. ncbi Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:2015-21. 2001
    ..Because the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with compulsive behaviors, its disruption may contribute to compulsive drug intake in addicted subjects. This study explored whether a similar association occurs in methamphetamine abusers...
  8. ncbi Imaging studies on the role of dopamine in cocaine reinforcement and addiction in humans
    N D Volkow
    Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, NY 11973, USA
    J Psychopharmacol 13:337-45. 1999
    ..Thus, strategies to enhance DA brain function in ways that mimic physiological DA activity may be of help in overcoming cocaine addiction...
  9. ncbi Association between age-related decline in brain dopamine activity and impairment in frontal and cingulate metabolism
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 157:75-80. 2000
    ..This study investigates the relationship between measures of brain dopamine D(2) receptors (molecules that transmit dopamine signals) and regional brain glucose metabolism (a marker of brain function) in healthy individuals...
  10. ncbi The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies
    Nora D Volkow
    Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Clin Invest 111:1444-51. 2003
  11. ncbi Reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in humans are associated with increases in brain dopamine and occupancy of D(2) receptors
    N D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291:409-15. 1999
    ....
  12. ncbi Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N Y, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 156:1440-3. 1999
    ..This study assessed whether brain dopamine D2 receptor levels, which show significant intersubject variability, predict reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans...
  13. ncbi Increased activity of the temporal insula in subjects with bradycardia
    N D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Life Sci 67:2213-20. 2000
    ..The temporal insula is interconnected with limbic brain region and autonomic centers and suggests that this may be a mechanism by which emotional responses regulate heart rate...
  14. ncbi Resting brain metabolic activity in a 4 tesla magnetic field
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
    Magn Reson Med 44:701-5. 2000
    ..We conclude that a static magnetic field of 4 T does not in itself affect this fairly sensitive measure of brain activity...
  15. ncbi Role of dopamine, the frontal cortex and memory circuits in drug addiction: insight from imaging studies
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Neurobiol Learn Mem 78:610-24. 2002
    ....
  16. ncbi Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Behav Pharmacol 13:355-66. 2002
    ....
  17. ncbi "Nonhedonic" food motivation in humans involves dopamine in the dorsal striatum and methylphenidate amplifies this effect
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 44:175-80. 2002
    ..In addition it demonstrates the ability of methylphenidate to amplify weak dopamine signals...
  18. ncbi Changes in brain functional homogeneity in subjects with Alzheimer's disease
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Bldg 490, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P O Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Psychiatry Res 114:39-50. 2002
    ..The enhanced CV in precuneus, despite its marked reductions in metabolism, suggests that increases in regional homogeneity in parietal and temporal cortices are not a mere reflection of the decrement in metabolism...
  19. ncbi Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications
    Nora D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 43:181-7. 2002
    ....
  20. ncbi Imaging the neurochemistry of nicotine actions: studies with positron emission tomography
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 1:S127-32; discussion S139-40. 1999
    ....
  21. ncbi Cardiovascular effects of methylphenidate in humans are associated with increases of dopamine in brain and of epinephrine in plasma
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 166:264-70. 2003
    ..However, there is some evidence that dopaminergic effects are involved in the cardiovascular actions of these drugs. Here, we evaluated this association in humans...
  22. ncbi Loss of dopamine transporters in methamphetamine abusers recovers with protracted abstinence
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Neurosci 21:9414-8. 2001
    ..These findings have treatment implications because they suggest that protracted abstinence may reverse some of methamphetamine-induced alterations in brain DA terminals...
  23. ncbi Role of dopamine in the therapeutic and reinforcing effects of methylphenidate in humans: results from imaging studies
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 12:557-66. 2002
    ..Moreover, abuse of methylphenidate is constrained by its long half-life, which we postulate limits the frequency at which it can be administered...
  24. ncbi Effects of alcohol detoxification on dopamine D2 receptors in alcoholics: a preliminary study
    Nora D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychiatry Res 116:163-72. 2002
    ..These findings suggest that low DA D2 receptor availability in alcoholics is not due to alcohol withdrawal and may reflect a predisposing factor...
  25. ncbi Higher cortical and lower subcortical metabolism in detoxified methamphetamine abusers
    N D Volkow
    Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:383-9. 2001
    ..The authors measured regional brain glucose metabolism, which serves as a marker of brain function, to assess if there is evidence of functional changes in methamphetamine abusers in regions other than those innervated by dopamine cells...
  26. ncbi Association of dopamine transporter reduction with psychomotor impairment in methamphetamine abusers
    N D Volkow
    Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:377-82. 2001
    ..The authors evaluated if similar changes occur in humans and assessed if they were functionally significant...
  27. ncbi Methylphenidate and cocaine have a similar in vivo potency to block dopamine transporters in the human brain
    N D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Life Sci 65:PL7-12. 1999
    ..Other variables i.e. longer duration of methylphenidate's side effects may counterbalance its reinforcing effects...
  28. ncbi Comparable changes in synaptic dopamine induced by methylphenidate and by cocaine in the baboon brain
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 31:59-66. 1999
    ....
  29. ncbi Enhanced sensitivity to benzodiazepines in active cocaine-abusing subjects: a PET study
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 155:200-6. 1998
    ..Because cocaine enhances dopamine brain activity and dopamine signals are transferred through gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways, the authors hypothesized GABA-ergic disruption in cocaine-abusing subjects. This study tests this hypothesis...
  30. ncbi Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 155:344-9. 1998
    ..This study assessed the relation between measures of brain dopamine activity and indexes of motor and cognitive function in healthy individuals...
  31. ncbi Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Nature 386:830-3. 1997
    ..Moreover, they suggest a participation of thalamic dopamine pathways in cocaine addiction, a possibility that merits further investigation...
  32. ncbi The slow and long-lasting blockade of dopamine transporters in human brain induced by the new antidepressant drug radafaxine predict poor reinforcing effects
    Nora D Volkow
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 57:640-6. 2005
    ..This study measures the potency and kinetics for DAT blockade by radafaxine in human brain...
  33. ncbi Differences in regional brain metabolic responses between single and repeated doses of methylphenidate
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychiatry Res 83:29-36. 1998
    ..This indicates that methylphenidate's metabolic effects vary with acute previous exposure and highlights the importance of studying drugs after single and repeated administration...
  34. ncbi Association of methylphenidate-induced craving with changes in right striato-orbitofrontal metabolism in cocaine abusers: implications in addiction
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 156:19-26. 1999
    ..To assess whether increasing dopamine would reverse these metabolic decrements, they measured the effects of methylphenidate, a drug that increases dopamine, on brain glucose metabolism in 20 cocaine abusers...
  35. ncbi Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 155:1325-31. 1998
    ..This study measured, for the first time, dopamine transporter occupancy by orally administered methylphenidate in the human brain and its rate of uptake in the brain...
  36. ncbi Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain
    N D Volkow
    Departments of Medical and Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Neurosci 21:RC121. 2001
    ..Alternatively methylphenidate-induced increases in DA, a neurotransmitter involved with motivation and reward, could enhance the salience of the task facilitating the "interest that it elicits" and thus improving performance...
  37. ncbi Dopamine receptor-mediated regulation of striatal cholinergic activity: positron emission tomography studies with norchloro[18F]fluoroepibatidine
    Y S Ding
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 5000, USA
    J Neurochem 74:1514-21. 2000
    ..However, both the D1 agonist and antagonist had no significant effect. This suggests that under physiological conditions the predominant influence of endogenous dopamine on striatal ACh output is dopamine D2, not D1, receptor-mediated...
  38. ncbi Measuring dopamine transporter occupancy by cocaine in vivo: radiotracer considerations
    J S Fowler
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 28:111-6. 1998
    ..We conclude that in vivo measurements of DAT occupancy by rapidly clearing drugs like cocaine requires the use of radiotracers having similar kinetics to the drug itself...
  39. ncbi Large receptor reserve for cannabinoid actions in the central nervous system
    A N Gifford
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288:478-83. 1999
    ..p.), completely abolished specific [131I]AM 281 binding. These experiments suggest that behavioral effects of cannabinoids, like neurochemical effects, are produced at very low receptor occupancy...
  40. ncbi Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: relationship to dopamine D2 receptors
    N D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N Y 11973, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 154:50-5. 1997
    ..The authors' goals were to determine whether baseline dopamine activity contributes to response to methylphenidate and to assess the pattern of metabolic responses associated with enhanced dopamine activity...
  41. ncbi Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers
    J S Fowler
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:14065-9. 1996
    ..This suggests that MAO A inhibition needs to be considered as a potential contributing variable in the high rate of smoking in depression and in the development of more effective strategies for smoking cessation...
  42. ncbi Evaluation of gender difference in regional brain metabolic responses to lorazepam
    G J Wang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychiatry Res 82:37-46. 1998
    ....
  43. ncbi Dopamine-transporter occupancy after intravenous doses of cocaine and methylphenidate in mice and humans
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 146:93-100. 1999
    ..The present experiments were conducted to examine dose-occupancy and dose-effect relationships in mice for cocaine and also for methylphenidate, a dopamine uptake blocker used in pediatric psychiatry...
  44. ncbi Concentration and occupancy of dopamine transporters in cocaine abusers with [11C]cocaine and PET
    J Logan
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
    Synapse 27:347-56. 1997
    ..The average Bmax may, however, provide an estimate of the expected concentration in humans. (2) The DVR can be used as a measure of DAT occupancy without applying an explicit model...
  45. ncbi 123I-labeled AM251: a radioiodinated ligand which binds in vivo to mouse brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 307:331-8. 1996
    ..08). In in vitro binding assays with mouse hippocampal membranes, tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited binding of [123I]AM251 with an IC50 value of about 700 nM, compared with about 0.2 nM for SR141716A...
  46. ncbi Comparison between intraperitoneal and oral methylphenidate administration: A microdialysis and locomotor activity study
    M R Gerasimov
    Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 295:51-7. 2000
    ..p. routes are due to central drug bioavailability...
  47. ncbi Regional brain metabolic activation during craving elicited by recall of previous drug experiences
    G J Wang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Life Sci 64:775-84. 1999
    ....
  48. ncbi Evidence that L-deprenyl treatment for one week does not inhibit MAO A or the dopamine transporter in the human brain
    J S Fowler
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Life Sci 68:2759-68. 2001
    ....
  49. ncbi Smoking a single cigarette does not produce a measurable reduction in brain MAO B in non-smokers
    J S Fowler
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 1:325-9. 1999
    ..These results indicate that the reduction in MAO B in smokers probably occurs gradually and requires chronic tobacco smoke exposure...
  50. ncbi Displacement of RTI-55 from the dopamine transporter by cocaine
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 296:145-51. 1996
    ..These results suggest that: (1) cocaine can displace pharmacological doses of RTI-55 from striatum, and (2) radioligands used to assess binding site occupancy should have a lower affinity than the occupying drug...
  51. ncbi Species differences in [11C]clorgyline binding in brain
    J S Fowler
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 28:779-85. 2001
    ..This suggests a species difference in the susceptibility of MAO A to inhibition by clorgyline and represents an unusual example of where the behavior of a radiotracer in the baboon brain does not predict its behavior in the human brain...
  52. ncbi [18F]haloperidol binding in baboon brain in vivo
    K A Yousef
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 23:47-52. 1996
    ..Haloperidol increased the clearance rate from all brain regions. These results indicate that the binding profile of [18F]haloperidol does not permit the selective examination of either dopamine D2 or sigma sites using PET...
  53. ncbi Brain dopamine and obesity
    G J Wang
    Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Lancet 357:354-7. 2001
    ..To test the hypothesis that obese individuals have abnormalities in brain dopamine activity we measured the availability of dopamine D2 receptors in brain...
  54. ncbi Potentiation of the action of anandamide on hippocampal slices by the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, palmitylsulphonyl fluoride (AM 374)
    A N Gifford
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 383:9-14. 1999
    ..These results indicate that AM 374 potently inhibits endogenous amidase activity and thus facilitates access of exogenous anandamide to cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampal tissue...
  55. ncbi Comparative studies of epibatidine derivatives [18F]NFEP and [18F]N-methyl-NFEP: kinetics, nicotine effect, and toxicity
    Y S Ding
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 26:139-48. 1999
    ..Our results suggest that although the binding characteristics of [18F]NFEP and [18F]N-Me-NFEP appear to be ideally suited for PET imaging studies of the human brain, their relatively small safety margin will limit their use in humans...
  56. ncbi Non-MAO A binding of clorgyline in white matter in human brain
    J S Fowler
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Neurochem 79:1039-46. 2001
    ..The characterization of the non-MAO A binding component of this widely used MAO A inhibitor merits further investigation...
  57. ncbi Sensitivity of binding of high-affinity dopamine receptor radioligands to increased synaptic dopamine
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 38:483-8. 2000
    ..We suggest that the magnitude of the competition is reduced by failure of the receptor binding of high-affinity radioligands to rapidly attain equilibrium...
  58. ncbi Evidence that methylphenidate enhances the saliency of a mathematical task by increasing dopamine in the human brain
    Nora D Volkow
    Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 161:1173-80. 2004
    ..These findings support educational strategies that make schoolwork more interesting as nonpharmacological interventions to treat ADHD...
  59. ncbi Liking and wanting of drug and non-drug rewards in active cocaine users: the STRAP-R questionnaire
    R Z Goldstein
    Department of Medical Research, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    J Psychopharmacol 24:257-66. 2010
    ..Additional studies are required to assess the reliability of the STRAP-R in larger samples and to examine its validity in measuring the subjective value attributed to experienced reinforcers or in predicting behaviour...
  60. ncbi Binding of the non-classical cannabinoid CP 55,940, and the diarylpyrazole AM251 to rodent brain cannabinoid receptors
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Life Sci 61:PL 191-7. 1997
    ..However, the binding site domains which interact with AM251 and CP 55,940 may not be identical, since IC50 values for cannabinoid receptor ligands depended on whether [123I]AM251 or [3H]CP 55,940 was used as radioligand...
  61. ncbi Evidence that gingko biloba extract does not inhibit MAO A and B in living human brain
    J S Fowler
    Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Life Sci 66:PL141-6. 2000
    ..Ginkgo biloba administration did not produce significant changes in brain MAO A or MAO B suggesting that mechanisms other than MAO inhibition need to be considered as mediating some of its CNS effects...
  62. ncbi Synergistic interactions between nicotine and cocaine or methylphenidate depend on the dose of dopamine transporter inhibitor
    M R Gerasimov
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 38:432-7. 2000
    ..These findings suggest that the degree of DA transporter (DAT) occupancy contributes to the synergistic interaction between nicotine and cocaine or MP...
  63. ncbi A consideration of the dopamine D2 receptor monomer-dimer equilibrium and the anomalous binding properties of the dopamine D2 receptor ligand, N-methyl spiperone
    J Logan
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    J Neural Transm 108:279-86. 2001
    ..If increasing DA favors cluster with fewer receptors, an increase in NMSP binding sites may also occur under some circumstances with an increase in DA...
  64. ncbi A strategy for removing the bias in the graphical analysis method
    J Logan
    Chemistry and Medical Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21:307-20. 2001
    ..The DVR generated directly from the model (DVR(FL)) was compared with DVR(FG) (determined from a "smoothed" uptake curve as for DV(FG)) using the graphical method...
  65. ncbi Genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the CB(1) receptor alter ethanol preference and dependence in ethanol preferring and nonpreferring mice
    K Yaragudri Vinod
    Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
    Synapse 62:574-81. 2008
    ..Innate differences in the CB(1) receptor function might be one of the contributing factors for higher ethanol drinking behavior. The antagonists of the CB(1) receptor may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of ethanol dependence...
  66. ncbi Acute handling stress modulates methylphenidate-induced catecholamine overflow in the medial prefrontal cortex
    Douglas A Marsteller
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 27:163-70. 2002
    ..These findings suggest that persistent alterations in mesocorticolimbic DA-ergic activity are induced by a short exposure to restraint stress as evidenced by the altered response to MP challenge...
  67. ncbi Dopamine D4 receptors modulate brain metabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum at rest and in response to methylphenidate
    Michael Michaelides
    Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, 30 Bell Avenue, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
    Eur J Neurosci 32:668-76. 2010
    ..The differential response to MP as a function of genotype could explain differences in brain functional responses to MP between patients with ADHD and healthy controls and between patients with ADHD with different D(4) polymorphisms...
  68. ncbi Abnormal brain activation to visual stimulation in cocaine abusers
    Jing-Huei Lee
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
    Life Sci 73:1953-61. 2003
    ..Further studies are required to determine if the cerebrovascular changes we observed in the cocaine abusers recover with detoxification and to assess their functional consequences...
  69. ncbi Differences in response to food stimuli in a rat model of obesity: in-vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism
    P K Thanos
    Department of Medicine, Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
    Int J Obes (Lond) 32:1171-9. 2008
    ..In this study, we measured brain glucose utilization to an olfactory stimulus (bacon scent), and we examined the role of food restriction and genetic predisposition to obesity on such brain metabolic activity...
  70. ncbi Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B in the brains of smokers
    J S Fowler
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Nature 379:733-6. 1996
    ..We propose that reduction of MAO B activity may synergize with nicotine to produce the diverse behavioural and epidemiological effects of smoking...
  71. ncbi Effects of endogenous neurotransmitters on the in vivo binding of dopamine and 5-HT radiotracers in mice
    O V Rice
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 25:679-89. 2001
    ..3H]N-methylspiperone binding to 5-HT(2A) receptors and [3H]WAY 100635 binding to 5-HT(1A) receptors appeared insensitive to changes in neurotransmitter levels...
  72. ncbi Time-dependent effects of a haloperidol challenge on energy metabolism in the normal human brain
    E J Bartlett
    Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
    Psychiatry Res 60:91-9. 1996
    ..Taken together, these studies demonstrate differences in the temporal organization of behavioral and metabolic responses to haloperidol challenge...
  73. ncbi Enhanced resting activity of the oral somatosensory cortex in obese subjects
    Gene-Jack Wang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Neuroreport 13:1151-5. 2002
    ....
  74. ncbi The effect of intravenous lidocaine on brain activation during non-noxious and acute noxious stimulation of the forepaw: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in the rat
    Zhongchi Luo
    Departments of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
    Anesth Analg 108:334-44. 2009
    ..Here, we therefore characterized the effect of systemic lidocaine on the brain's response to innocuous and acute noxious stimulation in the rat using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...
  75. ncbi Spectroscopic imaging of the uptake kinetics of human brain ethanol
    H P Hetherington
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Magn Reson Med 42:1019-26. 1999
    ..44 cc. During the course of the study, the brain/blood alcohol ratio declined from a value of 1.54 +/- 0.74 at 35 min after drinking to a final value of 0.93 +/- 0.16 at 85 min postdrinking. Magn Reson Med 42:1019-1026, 1999...
  76. ncbi Widespread disruption in brain activation patterns to a working memory task during cocaine abstinence
    D Tomasi
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Brain Res 1171:83-92. 2007
    ..This widespread neurofunctional disruption is likely to underlie the cognitive deficits during early cocaine abstinence and to reflect involvement of dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters...
  77. ncbi Brain glucose metabolism in violent psychiatric patients: a preliminary study
    N D Volkow
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Psychiatry Res 61:243-53. 1995
    ..These regions have been implicated as substrates for aggression and impulsivity, and their dysfunction may have contributed to the patients' violent behavior...
  78. ncbi Role of the anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex in processing drug cues in cocaine addiction
    R Z Goldstein
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, P O Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Neuroscience 144:1153-9. 2007
    ....
  79. ncbi Distribution of tracer levels of cocaine in the human brain as assessed with averaged [11C]cocaine images
    F W Telang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 31:290-6. 1999
    ..Further work is required to characterize the binding properties of cocaine in these brain areas and to elucidate their role in the reinforcing and addictive properties of cocaine...
  80. ncbi Chiral drugs: comparison of the pharmacokinetics of [11C]d-threo and L-threo-methylphenidate in the human and baboon brain
    Y S Ding
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 131:71-8. 1997
    ..These results indicate that pharmacological specificity of MP resides entirely in the d-threo isomer and directly show that binding of the l-isomer in human brain is mostly nonspecific...
  81. ncbi Conditioned place preference and locomotor activity in response to methylphenidate, amphetamine and cocaine in mice lacking dopamine D4 receptors
    P K Thanos
    Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
    J Psychopharmacol 24:897-904. 2010
    ..Thus, individuals with D4 receptor polymorphisms might show enhanced reinforcing responses to MP and AMPH and attenuated locomotor response to AMPH...
  82. ncbi A novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction
    S L Dewey
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Synapse 30:119-29. 1998
    ..Human trials with GVG are currently being developed to directly examine the utility of this novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction...
  83. ncbi Reproducibility of repeated measures of deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl ([11C]L-deprenyl-D2) binding in the human brain
    J Logan
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 27:43-9. 2000
    ..84 +/- 7.07%. Linear regression applied to values of lambda k3 from the LIN and NLLSQ methods validated the use of the linear method for calculating lambda k3...
  84. ncbi Regional brain metabolism during alcohol intoxication
    G J Wang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:822-9. 2000
    ..The results were compared with those we previously published in a different group of 16 normal male subjects who received intravenous lorazepam, a benzodiazepine drug that also enhances GABA neurotransmission...
  85. ncbi Cannabinoid receptor-mediated inhibition of acetylcholine release from hippocampal and cortical synaptosomes
    A N Gifford
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, NY 11973, USA
    Br J Pharmacol 131:645-50. 2000
    ..The SR 141716A-induced enhancement of ACh release can similarly be observed in hippocampal synaptosomes and is probably due to an inverse agonist action at constitutively active receptors...
  86. ncbi [(11)]Cocaine: PET studies of cocaine pharmacokinetics, dopamine transporter availability and dopamine transporter occupancy
    J S Fowler
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 28:561-72. 2001
    ..This article will summarize preclinical and clinical research with [(11)C]cocaine...
  87. ncbi In vitro and ex vivo autoradiographic studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using [18F]fluoronochloroepibatidine in rodent and human brain
    S J Gatley
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Nucl Med Biol 25:449-54. 1998
    ..However, similar Kd values close to 50 pM were calculated for all regions. These studies support the suitability of [18F]NFEP as a radioligand for PET studies of nAcChR in the living human brain...
  88. ncbi Effect of amphetamine-induced dopamine release on radiotracer binding to D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain striatal slices
    A N Gifford
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 362:413-8. 2000
    ....
  89. ncbi PET imaging studies in drug abuse
    J S Fowler
    Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 36:163-74. 1998
    ..Review: In this article, we will highlight some examples of the use of Positron Emission Tomography to measure drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and their relationship to addiction and to toxicity...
  90. ncbi Gastric stimulation in obese subjects activates the hippocampus and other regions involved in brain reward circuitry
    Gene Jack Wang
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15641-5. 2006
    ....
  91. ncbi The effect of graded monetary reward on cognitive event-related potentials and behavior in young healthy adults
    Rita Z Goldstein
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Int J Psychophysiol 62:272-9. 2006
    ..These findings suggest a difference between the P3 and CNV; the P3 is sensitive to the sustained effect of relative reward value, while the CNV does not vary with reward magnitude...
  92. ncbi Neural mechanisms of anger regulation as a function of genetic risk for violence
    Nelly Alia-Klein
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Emotion 9:385-96. 2009
    ....
  93. ncbi Subjective sensitivity to monetary gradients is associated with frontolimbic activation to reward in cocaine abusers
    Rita Z Goldstein
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, P O Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 87:233-40. 2007
    ..These results provide for the first time evidence of restricted subjective sensitivity to gradients of reward in cocaine addiction and of the involvement of frontolimbic brain regions (including the orbitofrontal cortex) in this deficit...
  94. ncbi The neurocircuitry of impaired insight in drug addiction
    Rita Z Goldstein
    Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Medical Research, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Trends Cogn Sci 13:372-80. 2009
    ..We discuss implications for clinical treatment including the design of interventions to improve insight into illness severity in addiction...
  95. ncbi Dissociation between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats in baseline performance and methylphenidate response on measures of attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in a Visual Stimulus Position Discrimination Task
    Panayotis K Thanos
    Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, NIH, Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 94:374-9. 2010
    ....
  96. ncbi Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) deletion in mice does not affect operant responding for food or cocaine
    Panayotis K Thanos
    Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Behav Brain Res 207:508-11. 2010
    ..Our findings suggest that the D4R is not directly involved in mediating operant response behaviors for food or cocaine...
  97. ncbi Translational neuroimaging: positron emission tomography studies of monoamine oxidase
    Joanna S Fowler
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
    Mol Imaging Biol 7:377-87. 2005
    ..In this article we introduce MAO and describe the development of these radiotracers and their translation from preclinical studies to the investigation of variables affecting MAO in the human brain and peripheral organs...
  98. ncbi Is decreased prefrontal cortical sensitivity to monetary reward associated with impaired motivation and self-control in cocaine addiction?
    Rita Z Goldstein
    State University of New York at Stony Brook, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P O Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 164:43-51. 2007
    ..This study attempted to examine the brain's sensitivity to monetary rewards of different magnitudes in cocaine abusers and to study its association with motivation and self-control...
  99. ncbi The effect of practice on a sustained attention task in cocaine abusers
    Rita Z Goldstein
    Department of Medical Research, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P O Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 5000, USA
    Neuroimage 35:194-206. 2007
    ....
  100. ncbi Obesity-resistant S5B rats showed greater cocaine conditioned place preference than the obesity-prone OM rats
    Panayotis K Thanos
    Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
    Physiol Behav 101:713-8. 2010
    ....
  101. ncbi D2R DNA transfer into the nucleus accumbens attenuates cocaine self-administration in rats
    Panayotis K Thanos
    Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    Synapse 62:481-6. 2008
    ..Thus strategies aimed at increasing D2R expression in NAc may be beneficial in treating cocaine abuse and addiction...

Research Grants11

  1. PET STUDIES IN COCAINE ABUSE
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 1992
    ..We also hypothesize that the actions of cocaethylene on the dopamine transporter act as a positive reinforcement that promotes the combined use of alcohol and cocaine...
  2. STUDIES IN COCAINE ABUSERS
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..abstract_text> ..
  3. PHARMACOKINETICS OF PSYCHOSTIMULANTS AND REINFORCEMENT
    Nora Volkow; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ....