Ailsa Welch

..The association between socioeconomic position in middle age and risk of subsequent, short-term weight gain is unknown. We therefore assessed this association in a prospective population based cohort study in Norfolk, UK...

..Dietary patterns that promote mild metabolic acidosis may have a negative effect on bone density...

..Our findings emphasize the need for further research and investigation into dietary inter-relationships and bone health and the effects of vegetarian status, including consumption of soya-based foods, in men as well as women...

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..As urine pH relates to dietary acid-base load its use to monitor change in consumption of fruit and vegetables, in individuals, warrants further investigation...

..We aimed to quantify the potential combined impact of four health behaviours on mortality in men and women living in the general community...

..The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between past hormone use and current endogenous hormone status...

..In men who stop smoking plasma fibrinogen may remain elevated for several years after cessation...

..Excess fat may promote fatty acid oxidation and increase free radical concentrations, which could result in increased antioxidant use. Whether plasma ascorbic acid concentrations are associated with fat distribution remains unclear...

..Body fat distribution has been cross-sectionally associated with atherosclerotic disease risk factors, but the prospective relation with coronary heart disease remains uncertain...

..We aimed to assess quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneum and fracture incidence in a prospective observational population study...

..Microalbuminuria may be a useful indicator of high absolute cardiovascular risk in the community but prospective data are needed to establish its independent predictive value for future events...

..Intervention studies have indicated an interaction between the blood pressure response to a low-sodium or a low-fat and high-fruit and -vegetable diet and the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) polymorphisms G-6A and M235T...

..To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking habits and fat distribution in a population-based cohort of men and women...

..To determine the relation between fat distribution and blood pressure, independent of body mass index...

..This may be partly related to different methods for assessing physical activity. Most studies have focused on leisure time physical activity...

..Methods for assessing diet are prone to measurement error, which may be substantial in large cohort investigations. Biomarkers can be used as objective measures with which to compare estimates of nutritional exposure using different methods..

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..Increasing evidence suggests a continuous relationship between blood glucose concentrations and cardiovascular risk, even below diagnostic threshold levels for diabetes...

..We examine whether lipid levels vary between central and peripheral fat distribution in the general population...

..The objective of the study was to determine the self-reported prevalence of parkinsonian symptoms from a questionnaire, and to examine their association with age and self-reported Parkinson's disease in a large cohort...

..A better understanding of these determinants of heel ultrasound may provide insights into how some of the sex differences in bone health can be explained and bone loss in later life minimised...

..CONCLUSIONS: Understanding some of the community level barriers to changing health related behaviours may lead to more effective interventions to improving health in the whole community, particularly those who are most vulnerable...

..Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal glucose metabolism may be associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer...

..A key issue is whether differences in usual sodium intake within the range feasible in free-living populations have clinical or public health relevance...

..61 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.07). Microalbuminuria may be useful in identifying persons at increased risk of CHD and subsequent death in the general population...

..The aim of this study is to examine the association between fish consumption and albuminuria in individuals with and without diabetes...

..However, the relationship between usual daily physical activity and endogenous hormones in postmenopausal women in the general population is still uncertain...

..Although clinical trials showed no significant benefit of vitamin C supplementation in reducing stroke risk, they were not able to examine the relation between plasma vitamin C concentrations and stroke risk in a general population...

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..To examine the association between modifiable lifestyle behaviors and functional health...

..The apparent almost immediate reversibility of effects of smoking on inflammation, as indicated by the WBC count, may help motivate efforts to stop smoking...

..To examine the association between fish consumption and stroke risk...

..10 [0.94-1.29], p=0.23). Dietary measurement error might explain the absence of a significant association between dietary fat and breast-cancer risk in cohort studies...

..Previous studies on cardiovascular risk profile in different socioeconomic status were focused on younger populations and many of them have not been able to take into account age and sex differences...

..In this first study on phytoestrogen-gene associations in men, we conclude that enterolactone and equol are positively associated with plasma androgen concentrations, and interactions with CYP19 gene may be involved...

..To investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and self-reported physical and mental functional health measured by an anglicised short-form 36-item questionnaire (UK SF-36)...

..004 and p < 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, physical activity is associated with higher levels of FEV(1), whereas television viewing is associated with lower levels...

..001) despite an inverse association for plasma vitamin C. Nutritional biomarkers of consumption can complement existing methods for assessing cancer risk from diet in epidemiologic studies...

..Serial measurement of height is, therefore, recommended among the elderly people...

..A research framework based on the personal characteristic defined by a sense of coherence (SOC) focuses on the effective use of resources to maintain good health...

..We conclude that higher isoflavone exposure is associated with lower plasma estradiol in postmenopausal women and that this preliminary study is suggestive of the involvement of diet-gene interactions...

..To investigate the association between two indices of obesity, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and self-reported physical and mental functional health...

..Redistribution of daily energy intake, so that more energy is consumed at breakfast and less energy is consumed later in the day, may help to reduce weight gain in middle-aged adults...

..70, 95% CI: 0.49-0.99, p = 0.024) compared to those who were inactive. This highlights the fact that efforts to increase physical activity in both the work place and in leisure time should be encouraged...

..To explore the relationship between self-reported physical functional health and mortality...

..To examine the relationship between usual physical activity and fibrinogen concentrations in a free-living population of men and women...

..The relationship between blood glucose concentration and stroke in people without established diabetes has been studied less extensively...

..51, 95%CI; 0.31, 0.84) of subsequent mortality after stroke independently of other risk factors investigated. CONCLUSIONS.: Our findings may provide further empirical encouragement for smoking cessation after stroke...

..To explore the relationship between self-reported mental functional health and mortality...

..To investigate whether blood lipid response to dietary fat and fibre vary according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene locus...

..024) for serum equol, and 1.22 (1.01-1.48; P = 0.044) for serum daidzein]. These estimates of risk are similar to those established for estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal breast cancer but need confirmation in larger studies...

..Energy adjustment using regression residuals or energy density models led to improved parameter stability...

..However, the relationship between dietary folate and vitamin B6, cofactors in the metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy), and PAOD is unclear...

..Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe...

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..005]. Our results utilizing a combined prospective exposure provide no evidence that phytoestrogens alter prostate cancer risk in British men, whereas the C allele for the PvuII polymorphism may be associated with increased risk...

..This observation may have implications on the dietary measurement error characteristics and support the potential benefit of between-cohort calibration...