J Wardle

..The aim of this research was to assess associations between engagement with self-monitoring tools and social support, and weight loss in an online weight-control programme...

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..The aim of this study was to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary time across the weight spectrum in children, and to determine whether the associations differed by sex...

..These diseases share risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome including large body size, abnormal lipids and markers of insulin resistance indicating common aetiological pathways...

..To ensure equality of access, it is important to understand attitudes towards screening in all ethnic groups so that barriers to screening acceptance can be addressed...

..The purpose of the present study was to test the developmental origins of some of these associations in a large longitudinal sample of children...

..This paper describes the development of a Cancer Awareness Measure for colorectal (CRC) cancer (Bowel/Colorectal CAMa) (study 1) and presents key results from a population-representative survey using the measure (study 2)...

..The need for effective guidance for parents who may be seeking to improve the range or nutritional value of foods accepted by their children is highlighted...

..These findings suggest a parental advice strategy which could be disseminated directly to parents or by health professionals...

..This study investigated attitudes and beliefs that might underlie behavioural choices, including health locus of control, future salience, subjective life expectancy, and health consciousness, in a nationally representative sample...

..Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be highly heritable, but most studies were carried out in cohorts born before the onset of the "obesity epidemic."..

..The longitudinal data suggested that screening might produce transient positive effects...

..However, to date, it is not known whether the association between genetic variation in FTO and obesity is mediated through effects on energy intake or energy expenditure...

..It was predicted that the exposure condition would increase liking for, and consumption of, the vegetable relative to either the reward or control group...

..6% higher level of attendance. These results indicate that psychoeducational interventions can provide an effective means of modifying attitudes and increasing rates of screening attendance...

..To assess the demographic and psychological mediators of gender differences in uptake of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening for colorectal cancer...

..Obesity rates have increased markedly in recent years. This study investigated whether increases in adiposity over the past 10 years in England reflect across-the-board gains in adiposity or differential effects in subgroups...

..In the spirit of the conference theme, the present paper will discuss the implications of the understanding of genetic and environmental influences on obesity for the development of effective behavioural treatments...

..Implications for treatment and future research priorities are suggested...

..This study explores the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight perceptions, and attempts to lose weight in male and female university students from 22 countries...

..However, taking these factors into account did not explain the East-West difference in depressive symptoms and low life satisfaction...

..The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the strength of the obesity-depression association is moderated by gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES)...

..Only the inclusion of the cognitive variables significantly reduced the variation associated with SES, providing better support for the cognitive than the psychosocial model...

..To examine the developmental trajectory of obesity in adolescence in relation to sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status...

..The results support the idea that socioeconomic differences in weight-related attitudes and behaviors may mediate the development of a gradient in weight...

..Gender differences in health behaviors have been reported in many studies but casual mechanisms have been neglected...

..To extend the investigation to boys and examine sex differences. To test the hypothesis that children's food neophobia explains this association...

..We describe current projects in our own group that are designed to take forward these recommendations...

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..However, most studies that link control with weight have been cross-sectional, and therefore causation is uncertain. It remains possible that parental control is a response to child overweight rather than a cause...

..This study examined the association between body dissatisfaction and binge eating, and the mediating role of restraint and depression among obese women...

..We conclude that psychosocial stress is a risk factor for weight gain but effects are very small. Variability across studies indicates there are moderating variables to be elucidated...

..Because the children from the families with obese parents were not yet overweight, differences observed in the two types of families are more likely to be causes than effects of obesity...

..Better health education will be needed to maximise public awareness of cancer prevention...

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..Higher SES groups were hypothesised to show more weight concern and higher levels of dieting...

..Future work comparing the food preference structure of mono- and dizygotic twins should help determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences...

..Four aspects of feeding style were assessed: emotional feeding, instrumental feeding (using food as a reward), prompting/encouragement to eat, and control over eating...

..As part of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy for the prevention of bowel cancer, an investigation of the predictors of screening interest was carried out in a subsample of older adults...

..To establish the association between intentional weight control and specific eating behaviours...

..To examine the completion rate, internal reliability, and external validity of a home affluence scale based on adolescents' reports of material circumstances in the home as a measure of family socioeconomic status...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between work stress and nutritional status in relation to dietary restraint in a community sample of adults...

..This study investigated socioeconomic predictors of obesity in men and women...

..The possible direction of causal effects between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem is discussed, with the suggestion that early onset of obesity increases the risk of body dissatisfaction, which in turn impairs self-esteem...

..In multivariate analyses, only gender, dieting status, and dietary health beliefs were significant predictors of healthy dietary habits. The practical implications of these results for dietary health promotion are discussed...

..In addition, whilst such campaigns may initially attract obese people, they may be more likely to drop out of the campaign than overweight and normal weight individuals...

..To test the hypothesis that quantitative variation in eating behaviour traits shows a graded association with weight in children...

..These changes were unrelated to adolescent issues of stress and a causal explanation for these associations must be sought elsewhere...

..Unhealthy lifestyles associated with lack of information about health and behaviour, greater beliefs in uncontrollable influences, and diminished emotional well-being, may contribute to poor health status in Eastern Europe...

..To evaluate the effect of social norms on intended fruit and vegetable intake...

..To determine whether controlling parental feeding practices are associated with children's adiposity and test the hypothesis that any associations are mediated by maternal perception of their child's weight...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results establish that FBBT is feasible and acceptable in a clinical setting in Britain. They indicate that significant loss of overweight can be achieved using the programme without adverse psychological consequences...

..This study explores the association between socioeconomic deprivation and five factors associated with long-term risk of cancer, in adolescents...

..Positive well-being has been associated with a range of favorable health outcomes. The contribution of health-promoting behaviors is unclear...

..To explore the role of behavioral and psychosocial factors in explaining the social gradient in self-rated health as defined either by an individual or a neighborhood deprivation index...

..Differences were not solely explained by weight differences, suggesting that the clinical sample had more pronounced 'obesogenic' appetitive traits. This could make adherence to dietary guidance difficult...

..To investigate associations between weight status and body size perception in children in the UK...

..As part of the National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative (NAEDI), this study aimed to explore these factors as possible contributors to delay in cancer diagnosis...

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..The study measured the acceptability of self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in the context of cervical cancer screening. Women carried out self-sampling unsupervised, using a written instruction sheet...

..To measure the prevalence of limited functional health literacy in the UK, and examine associations with health behaviours and self-rated health...

..There were no significant group differences for any of the secondary outcomes. This trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com/ under ISRCTN 51382628...

..To discover whether eating behaviour traits show continuity and stability over childhood...

..It must be cause for concern that most markers of lower SES are independently associated with poorer recognition, suggesting that public education needs to do more to narrow the inequalities in health knowledge...

..The findings are discussed in the context of models of health behaviour and bowel cancer screening participation research...

..SPONSORSHIP: This research was funded by the Medical Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council's Health Variations Programme...

..This suggests that overweight in children is not reflective of differences in liking for selected common foods. Variation in appetitive responsiveness to food with increasing adiposity may be more salient in the development of obesity...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the need to consider ways to reduce inequalities in screening uptake, in parallel with the introduction of any new screening programmes, to avoid exacerbating social gradients in cancer mortality...

..CONCLUSIONS: Misperceptions surrounding the effects of age and gender on CRC risk, as well as the genetic link and pathogenesis of CRC, need to be addressed in risk communications...

..Moderately stressful experiences in everyday life do not necessarily more unfavorably affect those with fewer educational and economic resources...

..The aim of this study is to explore mothers' perceptions of differences between their children in the eating behaviour domain...

..To assess public awareness of cancer warning signs, anticipated delay and perceived barriers to seeking medical advice in the British population...

..We examined the impact of school PE on adiposity in adolescents, using an ecological analysis to relate the number of PE sessions to changes in BMI and waist circumference...

..To examine the contribution to fruit and vegetable eating in children of potential predictive variables within the domains of demographics, parental feeding practices and personality traits...

..To examine the association between eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and adiposity in children...

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..To assess developmental trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in British adolescents in relation to sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES)...

..To examine sociodemographic predictors of self-reported screening attendance, intention to accept human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and willingness to accept vaccination for a daughter under 16...

..Awareness of the risk to health of unprotected sunbathing is high, but there is scope of strengthening attitudes to sunscreen use...

..The associations remained unchanged after adjustment for health behaviours. Our findings confirm a modest weight gain over the first year at university, which was associated with higher levels of perceived stress in women...

..Pressures from the "obesogenic" environment are driving up obesity rates, but adiposity still varies widely within the population. Appetitive characteristics could underlie differences in susceptibility to the environment...

..To understand the overlap between the etiology of obesity and normal variation in BMI in children...

..These results suggest that parental leanness confers significant protection against development of overweight in children regardless of family SES, while parental obesity is an adverse prognostic sign, especially in lower SES families...

..01 at age 11. These findings suggest that expression of FTO may become stronger throughout childhood. Increases in heritability may also be due to children increasingly selecting environments correlated with their genetic propensities...

..Hunger and disinhibition explain a moderate amount of the gradient in body size across employment grade and may be useful concepts for future work on the socio-economic gradient in obesity and overweight...

..There were no significant attenuating effects of preferences, attitudes or dieting status. These results indicate that men's poorer nutrition knowledge explains a significant part of their lower intake of fruit and vegetables...

..There is growing interest in the heritability of behavioral phenotypes related to adiposity. One potential candidate is the speed of eating, although existing evidence for an association with weight is mixed...

..Scales from a range of existing parental feeding questionnaires were used together, in the same large sample of children, to examine associations with adiposity...

..85; CI: 1.72-68.43; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Illustrations improved understanding of the preventive aim of FS screening. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pictoral illustrations could be used to facilitate patient understanding of screening...

..This will allow the development of targeted interventions and better parental guidance on managing obesogenic eating behaviors in young children...

..In view of the prevalence of obesity, there may be opportunities to provide more guidance on weight control within primary care...

..The findings indicate that a family history of cardiovascular disease risk influences stress responsivity which may in turn contribute to risk of future cardiovascular disorders...

..Previous research showed childhood obesity to be more strongly associated with maternal weight than with paternal weight. However, confidence in this finding is limited by the lack of objectively measured data from both parents...

..CONCLUSIONS: Increasing knowledge may reduce negative public perceptions of cancer which may impact positively on intentions to participate in screening...

..They also suggest that cancer screening clinics may be a good context for providing this service...

..Effects were strongest among the 9-year-olds. DISCUSSION: Exposure to older girls in school may accelerate the development of negative attitudes to weight and eating...

..Implications for future research on cancer knowledge and the most appropriate question format are discussed...

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..Only 2.5% cited HPV as the cause of cervical cancer without prompting; up from 0.9% in 2002. Public education about HPV is urgently needed...

..The management of HPV within cervical screening raises important questions about informed participation. Our findings suggest that HPV testing has the potential to cause psychosocial harm to women and their partners and families...