Stephen R Porter

..The present article reviews the current knowledge of halitosis with particular emphasis upon the interplay of diet and disease of the gastrointestinal tract upon oral malodour...

..Prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals that are histopathologically characterized by spongiform change within the central nervous system...

..Others, particularly pilocarpine and cevimeline, are, or have the potential to be, clinically useful in stimulating salivation by virtue of their action on cholinergic receptors...

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..However, they may produce adverse effects including oral symptoms such as paraesthesia, taste disturbances and xerostomia, and may interact with a number of drugs used in oral health care. This article summarises the current situation...

..While the present management of radiotherapy-associated salivary dysfunction is challenging there have been striking advances in preventative strategies and a number of possible treatment options may be over the near horizon...

..The present article reviews current knowledge of taste dysfunction associated with head and neck malignancy...

..There is a need for well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish the precise efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of immunologically mediated oral mucosal disease...

..Studies were conducted to investigate changes in the extent of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) shedding and diversity of HHV-8 strains in the mouth of a renal allograft recipient who developed cutaneous post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma...

..Oral epithelial dysplasia is likely to manifest as a solitary white patch, but it is not possible to accurately predict the likely degree of dysplasia from the clinical features of such lesions...

..Cyclosporine has in vitro antiretroviral activity and, currently, should be considered as a possible treatment for individuals with pemphigus vulgaris and HIV infection...

..RESULTS: Statistical analysis did not reveal evidence of any association between TTV infection and OLP or country of residence. CONCLUSION: An association between TTV and OLP is unlikely...

..There remain few detailed reports of the clinical features and long-term response to therapy of substantial groups of patients with OFG...

..5 microg/l (week 32). 0.1% topical tacrolimus is an effective means of controlling the symptoms and signs of erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus and has no notable adverse effects over a mean duration of application of 19.8 months...

..The higher-than-expected HHV-8 genoprevalence rate in blood donors requires further confirmation in view of its implications for post-transfusion HHV-8 transmission...

..Lichen planus is a relatively common and often studied chronic mucocutaneous condition. Reports detailing certain aspects relevant to patients affected have been lacking or inconsistent...

..The present article reviews aspects of EM and related disorders of relevance to oral medicine clinical practice and highlights the associated potential etiologic agents, pathogenic mechanisms and therapies...

..The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and nature of oral manifestations secondary to use of cardiovascular drugs...

..Our findings imply HHV-8 superinfection...

..Clinical manifestations are protean, and oral biopsies may be taken where the diagnosis is unsuspected, but data on the histopathology of oral mucosal syphilis are sparse...

..There remain few studies describing in detail the early occurrence and long-term progression of clinical manifestations of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) in a substantial number of patients...

..4%) infected people in Malawi were monotypic. In two people, urinary and oral sequences were genotypically different. Comprehensive evaluation of HHV-8 transmission may require characterization of HHV-8 shed both in urine and orally...

..This present article reviews aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and management of common ulcerative disorders of the oral mucosa...

..Five people, four of whom were children, each carried multitypic gN sequences or gO sequences. The findings are consistent with CMV spread along intra- and extra-household routes, and with multiple intra-host CMV infection...

..The oral mucous membrane has features similar to skin but also differs in several ways. This paper reviews the aspects of epithelial biology necessary for an understanding of the vesiculoerosive disorders...

..Patients in the developed world with poor oral hygiene, malnourishment and immunosuppression are also at risk, but early diagnosis and treatment is life-saving and reduces subsequent disability...

..This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the UK National Guidelines for identifying patients with potentially malignant oral disease which were introduced in 2000...

..Failure in diagnosing oral malignancy at an early stage is a major culprit, and the lack of a worldwide adopted classification of its macroscopic appearance, similar to that of gastrointestinal neoplasias, may have contributed to it...

..Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre- and post-transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma...

..11, 1.67), but not of pharyngeal cancer than non-South Asian males, whereas South Asian females had much higher risks of these cancers (3.67; 95% CI: 2.97, 4.53 and 2.06; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.93), respectively, than non-South Asians...

..To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil is a potential inducer of severe mouth ulceration...

..We report three further cases and review the literature, which suggests that this lesion should be regarded as a high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma...

..Patterns of intra- and extra-familial transmission inferred from ORF K1 sequencing data were corroborated mainly using ORF 73 IRD RFLP analysis...

..Longitudinal studies are now required to determine more precisely the association between periodontopathic microflora, immune competence and periodontal health and disease in HIV-infected persons...

..The substantial plaque reduction achieved with MMPP in the absence of tooth staining but with the increase in salivary Candida counts suggests that further studies of MMPP are warranted...

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..The appropriate investigation and management of the xerostomic child allows a definitive diagnosis to be made and attention focused on the prevention and treatment of resultant oral disease...

..The present study outlines the results of a pilot study to determine the knowledge and awareness of a cohort of undergraduate dental students in Spain regarding the management of oral premalignancy and malignancy...

..Systemic disease may underlie some cases of oral malodor. The objective assessment of malodor is still best performed by the human sense of smell (organoleptic method) but more quantifiable measures are being developed...

..This variation could be attributed to the local oral conditions unique to these patient groups...

..The results of the present study reveal that there is an interaction between oral carriage of yeast and oral epithelial dysplasia, however it remains unclear how yeast infection influences the development and progression of dysplasia...

..Further studies that include isolates from patient cohorts with systemic diseases other than diabetes mellitus, and from more diverse geographic localities are required to explain the relatedness of C. albicans isolates in the mouth...

..Diabetic patients with dentures had more non-albicans Candida isolated from their mouths than dentate diabetic patients. Candida dubliniensis was isolated from diabetic patients and may have a predilection for dentate patients...

..CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus could be considered as an additional variable that may influence not only oral Candida carriage but also the ability of isolates to enhance the expression of virulence attributes...

..9% was observed in the present group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral lichen planus in UK persons almost always gives rise to bilateral reticular OLP, rarely resolves spontaneously, and has a low rate of malignant transformation...

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..Indeed there was evidence that British south Asian males have significantly better survival than their non-south Asian peers in the south east of England...

..It can also be useful where there is a diagnosis that is in some doubt, or a situation when the clinician (or patient) requests a second opinion or wishes to share care with the specialist...

..The present report details the features of a patient who presented with cheilitis glandularis and was subsequently found to also have undiagnosed HIV infection...

..Both identical and non-identical sequences were observed between family members, suggesting transmission of HHV-8 along both intra- and extra-familial transmission routes...

..6%) of the 75 patients with OED, none of the controls being HCV seropositive. It is concluded that in the UK there is no association between HCV infection and OED...

..The oral aspects of early syphilis and the need for dentists to be aware of changing epidemiological trends in relevant infectious diseases are highlighted...

..Thirteen of 17 patients suffered a relapse of oral lichen planus within 2 to 15 weeks of cessation of tacrolimus therapy. CONCLUSION: Topical tacrolimus is effective therapy for erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus...

..CONCLUSIONS: FP and BSP are both effective in the short-term clinical management of symptomatic OLP. FP is more acceptable to patients than BSP because of the convenience of the spray form...

..CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge tuberculosis of the lips has never been reported in conjunction with HIV infection, and in this case establishing the oral diagnosis resulted in the diagnosis of disseminated disease...

..CONCLUSIONS: These observations open new perspectives in the design and production of candidacidal compounds whose mechanism reflects that exerted in nature by killer yeasts...

..The specific humoral responses possibly influence mucosal replication of HHV-8, and in turn, that of HIV...

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..To report a case series of patients with the nonexposed variant of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw-a form of jaw osteonecrosis that does not manifest with necrotic bone exposure/mucosal fenestration...

..Defining the mechanisms by which oral viruses interact with HIV in the co-infected host should permit intervention measures against oral HIV transmission to be more precisely targeted...

..The present article reviews the role of thalidomide in the management of malignancy and outlines its possible potential in the treatment of malignancy of the mouth...

..The difference in the antifungal resistance of isolates from the two populations of diabetes mellitus patients may be related to differences in the therapeutic management of candidal infections between the two centres...

..These findings show that there are some differences in the lesional and systemic immune reactivities of the two types of oral lichen planus which may be related to possibly distinct pathogenic mechanisms...

..Chemicals are a less common cause of traumatic ulceration. Most chemical burns are characterised by mild to moderate tissue damage that heals spontaneously within seven to 15 days without scarring...

..This article will discuss the dental aspects of visual impairment, its implications for obtaining dental care, associated oral conditions and medical complications...

..1%, while the negative predictive value was 60%. It is concluded that not all potentially malignant disease is detected with this non-invasive investigative procedure...

..The treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is principally directed towards reducing the pain and duration of each episode of ulceration; however, there remain few agents for which there is definitive evidence of benefit...

..The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is associated with long-term systemic dysfunction. The present article summarizes current knowledge of DM and details the oral and dental implications of this common endocrine disorder...

..Intact skin is under constant tension, transmitted from the underlying dermis, but when tension is lost (i.e. upon wounding) protease activity is upregulated...

..Topical corticosteroids can often control RAS. However, the treatment of RAS remains unsatisfactory, as most therapies only reduce the severity of the ulceration and do not stop recurrence...

..Nevertheless, fibrin exudation was fundamental because the hyaline or amyloidaceous material seen on the gingival biopsy stained for fibrin but failed to stain for amyloid...

..This implies patient-centred outcome measures may be utilized in both oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery to assess patient needs and opinions...

..The present report details the clinical and histological features of MAC in a young female presenting with lower labial swelling and paraesthesia...

..The aim of this report is to review syphilis-related oral lesions, as well as to summarize the relations between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis...

..The present report details the features of a very rare presentation of Cowden's syndrome affecting not only the mouth and gastrointestinal mucosa but also the central nervous system...

..The clinical utility of tolonium chloride rinse was compared with unaided visual examination alone in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma in patients previously treated for carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract...