Christopher M Parry

..CONCLUSION: The antipyretic effect of ibuprofen is superior to that of paracetamol in children with typhoid fever, particularly those with prolonged fever. Both antipyretics appeared to be safe...

..Both antibiotics were well tolerated. Uncomplicated typhoid fever due to isolates of MDR S. enterica serovar Typhi with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (Na(r)) can be successfully treated with a 7-day course of azithromycin...

..This review addresses the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella...

..New, effective, and affordable regimens are needed to treat these NaR infections. Short courses of the new generation fluoroquinolones or combinations of the available antimicrobials are possible options...

..Data from 540 patients randomised to ofloxacin treatment was analysed to identify an MIC of the infecting organism associated with treatment failure...

..typhi. No adverse events were attributable to the ofloxacin. These results extend previous observations on the efficacy of short courses of ofloxacin for children with uncomplicated multi-drug-resistant typhoid fever...

..Screening for nalidixic acid resistance or ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin disk inhibition zone are suitable for detecting S. Typhi isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility...

..However, current methods are not fully optimised and sourcing culture media and bottles for culture media may be problematic...

..9%) vs 76/117 (65.0%); p=0.03] and need for tracheostomy [51/112 (45.5%) vs 69/117 (58.9%); p=0.04) was greater in semi-recumbent patients. Semi-recumbent body positioning did not prevent the occurrence of HCAP in severe tetanus patients...

..The 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone gatifloxacin showed rapid killing of serovar Typhi harboring both the single- and double-amino-acid substitutions...

..Recent studies documenting the occurrence and types of resistance, with particular reference to quinolones and extended spectrum cephalosporins, and new approaches to treatment are reviewed...

..The importance of intracellular NTS infection in HIV is unknown...

..9%) of 492 isolates. The lower susceptibility was associated with ciprofloxacin treatment failures and with particular serovars and phage types often acquired during foreign travel...

..We propose such changes are related to increasing economic prosperity and HIV prevalence, and this pattern marks a substantial change in the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis in Southeast Asia...

..To investigate antimicrobial combinations for synergy or antagonism against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

..The results suggest a greater understanding of the subtleties of healthcare-seeking behaviour, and access to healthcare is needed to help refine and guide rationale suggestions to reduce the continued spread of drug resistance...

..To investigate if colonization with heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hGISA) is associated with hGISA bacteraemia...

....

..Improved intensive care facilities, such as mechanical ventilation and low-cost infection control procedures are associated with a significant reduction in mortality...

..Simple clinical predictors can be used to guide empirical antibiotic therapy of meningitis. Pneumococcal vaccination may help to control this problem...

..Finally, individuals that carry the typhoid fever protective haplotype *12122*1111 also produce a relatively low TNF-alpha response to LPS...

..The specificity of the IgMFA and PCR assays requires further study...

..Despite the availability of antitoxin and antibiotics, the mortality rate for diphtheria remains high, mostly because of cardiac complications...

..The variation within genotypes was conserved in all geographical regions regardless of the patients' HIV status. The extensive diversity within genotypes at the 18S rRNA gene locus may limit its application to phylogenetic analyses...

..However, further modifications will be required in the fever section, particularly for dengue. The impact of using the IMCI chart in peripheral health stations remains to be evaluated...

....

..However, the usefulness of itraconazole prophylaxis for cryptococcosis and penicilliosis merits further consideration...