N Colegrave

..Although recombination was not more effective on more complex substrates, these results generally support the idea that sex can accelerate adaptation to novel environments...

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..We show that, while experimental evolution has helped us to begin to understand the evolutionary dynamics of traits that affect evolvability, many interesting questions remain to be answered...

..These results indicate that clonal interference is important in this system...

..This suggests that the same character can decay by different mechanisms depending upon environmental factors and supports previous evidence to show that resource availability can critically affect the outcomes of evolution...

..Specifically, the fitness of hosts was enhanced when challenged with a bacterial strain their mother had experienced relative to cases when mother and offspring were challenged with different strains...

..5. These results suggest that multiple ecological factors can interact to affect temperament behaviours between populations, and also correlations in those behaviours within populations...

..These processes may underlie some general patterns of diversity, including latitudinal gradients in species richness and the effects of anthropogenic enrichment of the environment...

..The following question arises from our analysis: How do we identify an invariant?..

..Laboratory populations of microbes allow evolution to be observed in real time and, as such, provide key insights into the topology of adaptive landscapes...

..Subsequent experiments demonstrated that niche generalists and reductions in intrinsic evolvability were not responsible for our data. These results show that niche specialization may come with a cost of reduced potential to diversify...

..An immune response directed solely at merozoites required twice the level of activation of one directed at infected RBCs...