Nicholas I Paton

..We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional laser scanning as an objective method for detecting facial changes...

..We aimed to define the longitudinal changes in facial fat compartments in patients with lipoatrophy and to compare these with changes accompanying wasting or weight gain...

..This review brings together the results of recent definitive trials of treatment interruption strategies in order to evaluate the risks and to examine whether there is evidence to support this approach in clinical practice...

..Wasting is a well-recognized manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), but little is known about the alterations in body composition that occur. Therefore, we measured regional and whole-body composition in patients with TB and wasting...

..The impact that malnutrition at the time of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) has on survival and the CD4 count response is not known...

..We aimed to assess the efficacy of such an intervention...

..An objective method is needed for assessing facial fat changes in HIV-infected patients...

..In spite of multiple circulating types, the rate of dengue haemorrhagic fever is low in Singapore...

..This typing strategy may be useful in areas where TbD1(+) ancestral strains are prevalent...

..The epidemiology of carriage may be changing or may have been controlled by vaccination and a policy of administering antibiotics to pilgrims from countries with a high incidence of meningococcal disease...

..893). CONCLUSION: Stavudine ER does not appear to cause less peripheral lipoatrophy...

..Public health measures to reduce the potential introduction of N. meningitidis W-135 into the countries of origin of returning pilgrims need to be prioritized for the hajj pilgrimage...

..Nutritional support is often recommended as part of the treatment of tuberculosis, but it has never been properly tested...

..We conducted a prospective study to assess the risk of M. tuberculosis infection among Hajj pilgrims...

..The objective was to describe the causes of initial and overall AIDS-defining disease episodes among HIV patients in Singapore...

..The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype is biologically different from other genotypes. We aimed to clinically and immunologically compare human tuberculosis caused by Beijing and non-Beijing strains...

..Further standardization of DXA technology is needed before widespread application in the clinical diagnosis of LD...

..Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection are wasting diseases that frequently occur together and have severe consequences on nutritional status...

..The odds ratio of dengue seroprevalence increased by 4.13 (95% CI: 2.88-5.93) for every 10 year increase in age. Dengue infections remain a major problem in Singapore...

..This new combination of drugs could be suitable for countries that have restricted resources, but should first be further investigated...

..Dual ART therapy and HAART were cost-effective interventions in Singapore. Cost-effectiveness is likely to improve if drug prices continue to decrease...

..Given the extent of the changes, complete surgical correction is unlikely to be possible and hence emphasis should be placed on prevention of lipoatrophy [corrected]..

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..Screening at entry points is costly, has a low yield and is not sufficient in itself, but may be justified in light of the major economic, social and international impact which even a single imported SARS case may have...

..Understanding these differences is important for interpreting results of resistance tests and determining treatment choices...

..Of the 40 pilgrims who had no pre-Hajj immunity to pertussis, 3 (7.5%) acquired pertussis. Administration of acellular pertussis vaccine to pilgrims before the Hajj should be considered to address this problem...

..The incidence was estimated to be 1 out of 156 passengers. The risk of in-flight transmission of SARS appears to be far lower than that reported for influenza, but may be increased with superspreaders on board...

..764 (95% CI 0.332--0.935). Conclusions LS is an accurate and reproducible method for estimating cheek volume changes. It may be useful as an objective tool for assessment of facial LA in clinical research studies...

..Misdiagnosis may have serious public health consequences. We aimed to determine simple laboratory features to differentiate SARS from dengue...

..Transmission to 8% of their unvaccinated household contacts occurred within the first few weeks, but no late transmission took place. Public health interventions are needed to protect household contacts...

..One of the largest outbreaks of SARS to date began in Singapore in March 2003. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of the index patient and the patient's initial contacts affected with probable SARS...

..To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine, hydroxyurea and didanosine...

..In conclusion, the increase in PBMC sjTREC levels in patients taking thymosin alpha1 may represent enhanced immune reconstitution; however, the clinical benefits and long-term consequences remain to be determined...

..In the era of chronic HIV disease, close attention to symptoms (disease or drug-related) is warranted due to their major adverse influence on mental and physical aspects of quality of life...

..Our results indicate that TB (in the absence of HIV) increases T-lymphocyte proliferation but its effects are modest in comparison with the stimulation induced by HIV infection alone...

..Crossover vaccination of quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine after recent vaccination with bivalent vaccine does not increase the prevalence of adverse reactions and is therefore safe...

..These results indicate that MIRU-VNTR typing can be a useful first-line tool for studying the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in a large urban setting such as Singapore...

..7%). Three hundred and eighteen patients (63.1%) died from an AIDS-defining condition. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of death were similar to those found in Western cohorts, except that disseminated M. avium was a more frequent cause of death...

..Recent antibiotic use and hospitalization were independent predictors of MRSA colonization. Isolates were genotypically identical to our hospital's inpatient circulating strain...

..The National HIV Unit, Singapore...

..The small urban country of Singapore...

..Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Beijing genotype was significantly associated with tuberculosis relapse (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.30-5.34, P=0.005)...

..The clinical presentation, treatment using single dose ivermectin, potential for transmission, and the need for screening of this infection in Singapore are discussed...

..In March 1999, an outbreak of encephalitis and pneumonia occurred in workers at an abattoir in Singapore. We describe the clinical presentation and the results of investigations in these patients...

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..Skin disorders are extremely common and cause significant morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. There are few data on their prevalence and association with CD4 counts in Asians...

..Toxic trough concentrations were observed in all patients receiving 800 mg, in two patients receiving 600 mg, and in none receiving 400 mg. Indinavir at 400 mg may be efficacious and less toxic in patients taking ritonavir and efavirenz...

..An outbreak of dengue occurred among Chinese migrant workers at a construction site in Singapore that was characterized by a number of unusual features...

..Public health policies to protect household contacts of Hajj pilgrims need to be implemented...