Lance M McCracken

..Due to a particularly conservative recruitment strategy the overall response rate in this study was low and the generality of these results remains to be established...

..There are many different theories and variables and the volume of literature is vast. The purpose of this review is to highlight some key trends in this research in 2010...

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..These analyses provide additional support for the relevance of psychological flexibility to the problem of chronic pain, as well as initial evidence for the BPRI as a measure of this process...

..General acceptance may have a unique role to play in the disability and suffering of chronic pain beyond similar processes such as acceptance of pain or mindfulness...

..Research into insomnia with chronic pain sufferers has not yet examined the role of psychological flexibility, a process from acceptance and commitment therapy. We examined this role...

..Acceptance of pain and values-based action appear important in the emotional, physical, and social functioning of individuals with chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively investigate these combined processes...

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..These results provide further support for the 20-item, two-factor CPAQ and indicate that it is both theoretically and practically useful...

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..quot; Results demonstrated that this process, a blend of acceptance, values-based action, mindfulness, and cognitive defusion, is significantly related to patient functioning with chronic pain...

..The majority of improvements continued at 3-months post-treatment. Improvements in most outcomes during treatment were correlated with increases in acceptance, supporting the proposed process of treatment...

..Additional data from samples comprising fathers of adolescents with chronic pain and parents of adolescents with non-musculoskeletal pain would be of benefit...

..As such, it appears to be multiply-determined, by beliefs, emotions, bodily sensations, and the social, cultural, and personal learning history that give these experiences their meaning and functions...

..Acceptance is proposed as a process that expands the framework of attention to include varying cognitive, emotional, and social influences exerted by pain on patient behavior...

..This research plays an important part in establishing an evidence base to inform service development, ensuring that chronic pain services do not exclude people on the basis of the severity of their disability...

..A revised version of the CPAQ is suggested...

..We discuss developmental aspects of acceptance in adolescents and clinical implications of these findings...

..The behavioral processes of mindfulness and their accessibility to scientific study are considered...

..These results demonstrate that, in some instances, attempts at avoidance and control of chronic pain may be less helpful compared with a willingness to experience pain and focus on functioning...

..Increasing data support the view that the pain management field may benefit from evolving toward incorporating a less control-oriented and more accommodating view of aversive private experiences in some circumstances...

..Issues relating to change at the level of frequency or content of psychological experiences are considered relative to change in the functions of these experiences...

..Treatment outcome and process studies may demonstrate the potential for acceptance-based clinical methods for chronic pain management...

..These results suggest that social influences can play a role in patients' engagement in activity with pain present and their willingness to have pain without trying to avoid or control it...

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..Moreover, avoidance patterns may be subtle, sometimes resembling healthy coping, and sometimes presenting along side patterns of high activity...

..These results support the inclusion of contextual acceptance-related processes in current frameworks for understanding adjustment to chronic pain...

..The current study clarifies potential processes of change in treatment for chronic pain, particularly those aiming to enhance psychological flexibility...

..quot; It seems potentially applicable for parent training in the context of adolescent chronic pain...

..Training general practitioners to identify and address these concerns may reduce concerns, improve adherence, and facilitate the doctor-patient relationship...

..4% of patients demonstrated improvement in at least one key domain. Both acceptance of pain and values-based action improved, and increases in these processes were associated with improvements in the primary outcome domains...

..It appears that acceptance-related processes will at least expand our range of psychologic treatment methods for chronic pain sufferers and, at best, significantly improve them...

..Further investigation is needed on the predictive validity of the subscales. Additional data from samples of patients with diagnoses that are not musculoskeletal in origin would be of great assistance...

..Results from these analyses demonstrated that acceptance of pain repeatedly accounted for more variance than coping variables...

..To investigate the role of disturbed sleep in the daily functioning of persons with chronic pain. subjects and..

..The training was highly acceptable to GPs but may have been too short to produce other effects...

..The review also notes how work in this area is drawing attention to the wider concept of "psychological flexibility," an overarching process that includes other component processes, such as mindfulness and values...