Hannah Kuper

..Evidence for an effect of anxiety or type A behavior was less consistent. Methods to address bias in the reporting of psychosocial data are required...

..Our purpose was to establish whether a socioeconomic gradient in stroke existed in a group of Swedish women and whether this gradient could be explained by established stroke risk factors or psychosocial factors...

..The objective of this study is to assess whether there is a reduction in poverty after cataract surgery among visually impaired cases...

..Results show a strong gradient in CHD by years of education explained by established coronary risk factors but not by job strain or social support...

..The aim is to provide readers with knowledge about the fundamentals of economic evaluation to enable them to read papers critically, make healthcare funding and planning decisions, and understand the economic evaluation of interventions...

..PubMed is the most widely used method for searches of the medical literature, but fails to identify many relevant articles. Electronic citation tracking offers an alternative search method...

..To develop a new methodology to systematically compare evidence across diverse risk markers for coronary heart disease and to compare this evidence with guideline recommendations...

..Trachoma is a major cause of blindness. The objective of this initiative was to conduct participatory process evaluations of the trachoma control programmes receiving support from the International Trachoma Initiative in eight countries...

..In the second part different study designs are described--specifically, cross sectional surveys, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomised controlled trials, and the strengths and limitations of each highlighted...

..Cohort studies investigating the association between stress and breast cancer have shown highly inconsistent results...

..The aim of this study was to examine the association between visual impairment from cataract and poverty in adults in Kenya, Bangladesh, and the Philippines...

..To investigate the association between job strain and components of the job strain model and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk...

..There was also no association with dietary vitamin D intake or supplementary multivitamin use. These relationships were not modified after stratifying by estrogen or progesterone receptor status...

..The evidence for an effect of health education and environmental improvement is weaker, and depends mostly on cross-sectional observational studies...

..The aim of this study was to estimate the current burden of musculoskeletal impairment (MSI) attributable to the 1994 war and related violence...

..The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between visual impairment from cataract with time-use in adults (aged >or= 50 years) in Kenya, Bangladesh, and The Philippines...

..To assess the impact of cataract surgery on vision related quality of life (VRQoL) and generic health related quality of life (HRQoL) in Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines...

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..To conduct rapid assessments of avoidable blindness to estimate the magnitude and causes of blindness in people aged >/=50 years in Negros Island and Antique district, Philippines...

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..The key element in the relationship between water availability and trachoma is the allocation of water within households. Collection time may influence both the quantity of water collected and its allocation within the household...

..We present a new survey methodology that is based on sound epidemiological principles and is linked to the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning...

..To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in Rwanda, as part of a survey of musculoskeletal impairment (MSI)...

..The aim of this study is to explore the impact of cataract surgery on daily activities and time-use in Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines...

..Rwanda is a small country that is in the process of developing orthopaedic and rehabilitation services, and its Ministry of Health supported a survey that would provide information necessary for planning such services...

..Until now, information on trachoma prevalence at within country levels has not been systematically collated, analysed and reported...

..These data suggest that increased efforts should be undertaken in Rwanda in order to ensure that children with disabilities are included in schools and that adults with disabilities can find appropriate employment opportunities...

..We examined the reliability and validity of the Indian Migration Study Physical Activity Questionnaire (IMS-PAQ) in urban and rural groups in India...

..A deleterious psychosocial work environment, as defined by high efforts expended in relation to few rewards reaped, is hypothesised to increase the risk of future poor health outcomes...

..The counties were purposively selected to assess the impact of established non-governmental organisation activities in two counties (Gao'an and Xin'gan) compared with a third county (Wan'zai) without such a programme...

..We quantified the effect of depression on CHD, assessing the extent of confounding by coronary risk factors and disease severity...

..Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among older people in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of urbanization and ethnicity with CVD risk markers in Kenya...

..Psychosocial domestic conditions may have a greater effect on the health of women compared with men...

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..To assess the change in vision following cataract surgery in Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines and to identify causes and predictors of poor outcome...

..to determine the association between the subjective rate of ageing and future health outcomes...

..To investigate the relationship between rural to urban migration and physical activity (PA) in India...

..This association is particularly noted for serous borderline tumors. This may suggest the importance of endocrine factors, which are altered in overweight women, such as insulin or androgens...

..Other forms of cancer, including breast, ovarian and prostate cancer, are unlikely to be linked to tobacco use...

..Additional studies of the relationship between prostate cancer and other HPV types, notably HPV 33, could be helpful for clarifying the possible role of sexual risk factors...

..The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of presbyopia, and the functional impairment and spectacle use among persons with presbyopia in a rural Kenyan population...

..To estimate the prevalence and causes of vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD) in adult male prisoners in Nakuru, Kenya...

..To conduct a rapid assessment of cataract surgical services to estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in members of the population aged >/=40 years in the Limbe urban area, Cameroon...

..This study aimed to develop a new tool to screen for and diagnose MSI and to pilot test the methodology for a national survey in Rwanda...

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..To estimate the prevalence of avoidable blindness in > or =50-year-olds in Nakuru district, Kenya, and to evaluate the Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness (RAAB), a new methodology to measure the magnitude and causes of blindness...

..Thirty quotations of references were not accurate; 20 were partially accurate. CONCLUSIONS: Citation and quotation errors are relatively common within the ophthalmic literature. This may be improved through technical editing...

..To compare the cost and effectiveness of three cycloplegic agents among Nigerian children...

..77% (95% CI 1.24-2.51), equating to 985 adults (95% CI 765-1250) with trichiasis in Nioro department. In conclusion, a survey using rapid methodology showed that trachoma is a problem of public significance in Nioro department, Senegal...