J Kolaczinski

..Meanwhile pyrethroids should continue to be used for public health interventions that contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality reduction, such as ITNs for malaria control...

..Based on the evidence from this study an intervention strategy was formulated for all camps with reported ACL cases. This includes targeting of active cases with insecticide-treated nets, sold at a highly subsidised price...

..This process should be guided by the knowledge and experience gained during the complex emergency and a focus on malaria should be maintained until the disease is brought under control...

..Three rounds of MDA had taken place before the study commenced, with a further three rounds completed during the course of the study...

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..This study evaluated the two delivery channels regarding LLIN retention and use, and estimated the associated costs, to contribute towards the evidence-base on LLIN delivery channels in Uganda...

..Adherence of caretakers to this regimen has not been studied...

..Information on the cost of different strategies is still scarce. To guide the choice of a delivery strategy (or combination of strategies), reliable and standardized cost information for the different options is required...

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..A cost analysis was conducted alongside an MDA campaign in a remote trachoma endemic area, to inform budgeting for NTD control in South Sudan...

..Here we outline the strategy and document the progress to provide guidance for replication of similar approaches in other chronic refugee situations...

..the implementation process, and alternatives for continuation of activities once the RBM complex emergency partnership has terminated, should be clarified to all partners involved...

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..Rapid antigen tests are more suited to investigations of outbreaks in remote situations, where health services are deficient or absent...

..Permethrin resistance in both lines declined with selection for dieldrin or fipronil and confirms the absence of cross-resistance between fipronil and pyrethroids...

..Remote sensing enabled development of a risk map, thereby providing a valuable tool to help guide malaria control strategies...

..Safe and effective use of PQ without the need for G6PD testing would be ideal. The efficacy and safety of an 8-week, once weekly PQ regimen was compared with current standard treatment (chloroquine alone) and a 14-day PQ regimen...

..Results suggested similar patterns of endemicity in both Afghan refugee and Pakistani populations and highlighted risk factors and household clustering of disease...

..Unsupervised treatment with 14-day PQ when combined with simple instruction can avert a significant amount of the morbidity associated with relapse in populations where G6PD deficiency is either absent or readily diagnosable...

..There remains a need to support ongoing insecticide-treated net scale-up. Insecticide choice is hampered by the lack of economic costing data...

..Its use is problematic, because it is expensive and because of the potential for drug-associated adverse effects during a lengthy and painful treatment course...

..These findings suggest that reagent strips alone are not sufficient for rapid mapping surveys. A two-step approach is thus recommended whereby haematuria-positive urine samples are subsequently examined using urine filtration...