B G Armstrong

..The objective of this study is to explore the methods for quantifying such long-term health effects of flooding by analysis of routine mortality registrations in England and Wales...

..We describe a project to quantify the burden of heat and ozone on mortality in the UK, both for the present-day and under future emission scenarios...

..Limited information on total dust exposure did not suggest that dust exposure was an important confounder or modified the effect. These results provide a more secure basis for risk assessment than was previously available...

..The temperature-mortality relationship is often found to be substantially nonlinear and to persist (but change shape) with increasing lag. We review and extend models for such nonlinear multilag forms...

..This paper sets out to clarify how to estimate the reduction in occupational disease following a reduction in exposure, and shows a real-data illustration for doing this...

..As an alternative, we investigate the use of case-only approaches originally proposed for studying gene-environment interactions...

..To estimate the exposure-response function associating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and lung cancer, with consideration of smoking...

..In particular, how heat-mortality associations (for example, slopes and thresholds) vary by climate has previously been considered only qualitatively...

..To estimate the protection against death provided by vaccination against influenza...

..This trend is likely to reflect improvements in social, environmental, behavioral, and health-care factors and has implications for the assessment of future burdens of heat and cold mortality...

..To investigate the geographical variation and clustering of congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia in England, in response to media reports of clusters...

..This paper explores three approaches to analysis in such studies: a non hierarchical model, a two-stage analysis, and multilevel modelling. Illustrations are given using a preliminary subset of data from the CESAR study...

..Although several other easily-observed variables were associated with personal exposure, they were weak determinants, either individually or in combination...

..To examine the determinants of vulnerability to winter mortality in elderly British people...

..Heat waves have been linked with an increase in mortality, but the associated risk has been only partly characterized...

..Acute associations between mortality and ozone are largely accepted, though recent evidence is less conclusive. Evidence on ozone-heat interaction is sparse. We assess effects of ozone, heat, and their interaction, on mortality in Britain...

..We investigated associations of a range of particle metrics with daily deaths and hospital admissions in London...

..To quantify the effect of the introduction of 20 mph (32 km an hour) traffic speed zones on road collisions, injuries, and fatalities in London...

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..To date, there has been no investigation of the effects of outdoor pollution on infant mortality in the UK...

..Both RSV infection and influenza are seasonally related, and it is difficult to disentangle one from the other and to disentangle infection from the season and the cold...

..The current risk is negligible, as >52,000 imported cases since 1953 have not led to any secondary cases. The projected increase in proportional risk is clearly insufficient to lead to the reestablishment of endemicity...

..We report an ecologic analysis of anophthalmia/microphthalmia prevalence in England in relation to temporal variation in these infections using routine infection data...

..Only a public health policy including folic acid fortification of staple foods is likely to result in large-scale prevention of NTDs...

..In this age group it was thought that most, but not all, work-related exposures would have been since 1970, when the importation of crocidolite, but not amosite, was virtually eliminated...

..Our findings indicate that higher temperatures around the time of consumption are important and reinforce the need for further education on food-handling behaviour...

..This study explores associations between mortality and temperature in two European capitals-Sofia and London-using four years of daily deaths, air pollution, and weather data...

..Viral populations are dynamic and evolve under positive selection pressure...

..We estimated the effects of rainfall and temperature on the number of non-cholera diarrhoea cases and identified population factors potentially affecting vulnerability to the effect of the climate factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh...

..Air pollution may increase the incidence of ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. We investigated this in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators attending London clinics...

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..The incidence of cholera in Bangladesh shows clear seasonality, suggesting that weather factors could play a role in its epidemiology. We estimated the effects of rainfall on the incidence of cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh...

..We compare the extent to which short-term mortality displacement can explain heat deaths in Delhi, São Paulo, and London given contrasting demographic and health profiles...

..To describe past practice in meta-analyses found in occupational epidemiology, identifying the major issues that should be considered by researchers planning a meta-analysis in this setting...