C Exley

..Tissue extracts from horsetails grown hydroponically and also collected from the wild were acid-digested in a microwave oven and their silica 'skeletons' visualised using the fluor, PDMPO, and fluorescence microscopy...

..We have measured the aluminium content of a number of widely used infant formulas to determine if their contamination by aluminium and consequent issues of child health persists...

..The study aimed to confirm the very high content of aluminum in tobacco and cannabis and to provide for the first time evidence that such aluminum could be biologically available...

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..7 +/- 9.5 to 21.7 +/- 13.8 nmol/mmol creatinine). The reduction in urinary aluminium supported the future longer-term use of silicic acid as non-invasive therapy for reducing the body burden of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease...

..If aluminium is involved in MS then an increased dietary intake of its natural antagonist, silicon, might be a therapeutic option...

..Whether such metal-Abeta_{42} synergisms are an integral part of the aetiology of AD remains to be confirmed...

..Whether differences in the regional distribution of aluminium in the breast are related to the known higher incidence of tumours in the outer upper quadrant of the breast remains to be ascertained...

..When these values are subtracted from tissue digest values the absolute metal contents could be considered as conservative and yet they may still reflect aspects of ageing and neurodegenerative disease in individual brains...

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..Further research will be required to determine if adventitious aluminium has a role in heroin use-related neuropathology and neurology...

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..A fully fledged biogeochemical cycle for aluminium should explain the biospheric abundance of this element and whether we should expect its (continued) active involvement in biochemical evolution...

..Co-incubation of ABri with either Zn(II) or Cu(II) precipitated the peptide but did not result in the formation of amyloid fibrils...

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..However, it was blocked by suramin, a P2 ATP receptor antagonist, and this has prompted us to speculate that the precursor proteins to beta amyloid and amylin may be substrates or receptors for ATP in vivo...

..We have demonstrated for the first time an influence of Al-ATP on heart function. Perhaps more pertinently we present the first evidence that Al-ATP may influence the function of ATP-specific receptors...

..Aluminium did not influence the hydrolysis of ATP by this enzyme...

..Plasmin may fulfil a similar role in vivo...

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..Biol. Med. 13: 79-81; 1992). This thesis has been examined herein and it is concluded that much, if not all, of the pro-oxidant activity of aluminum might be explained by the formation of an aluminum superoxide semireduced radical ion...

..181+/-0.063 microM/mmol creatinine. We demonstrate that the commonly used TBA assay in conjunction with HPLC may overestimate the MDA concentration in human urine by almost 10-fold...

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..This information is essential to our understanding of the biological availability and hence toxicity of Al in biota, including man...

..The activity of plasmin was halved by pre-mixing it with aluminium (Al) prior to its addition to the peptide. An interaction between Al and proteases involved in the catabolism of Abeta might define the putative link between Al and AD...

..Copper may protect against the presence of beta-sheets of Abeta(42) in vivo, and its binding by fibrillar Abeta(42) could have implications for Alzheimer's disease therapy...

..But can the frequent use of aluminium-based antiperspirants lead to the accumulation of toxic levels of aluminium? And are there measures that we can take to reduce such accumulation without reducing the effectiveness of antiperspirants?..

..Considering the ubiquitous nature of mucin and the degree to which it is conserved within biota the interactions of Al with mucin may have wide ranging implications for biological systems...

..This mechanism involves the potentiation of the activities of neurotransmitters by the action of Al-ATP at adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) receptors in the brain...

..Our hope in highlighting these unresolved issues (summarized in Table 1) is that they will be addressed in future research...

..Whether AD is also part of this ongoing selection process remains to be elucidated..

..If amylin amyloid is cytotoxic to beta-cells then Cu(II) should protect against the degeneration of the islets in type-2 diabetes mellitus...

..Generically the model highlighted the significance of kinetic in addition to thermodynamic constraints in defining the fate of metal ions in biological systems...

..Aluminium may be acting as a natural adjuvant in some forms of leishmaniasis...

..We were unable to demonstrate any direct interaction between either peptide and aluminium although we have speculated upon an in vivo mechanism whereby PYY, in particular, might form a stable complex with aluminium...

..To use this approach to begin to solve the blood-aluminium problem we shall need to increase the complexity of the model to better reflect the heterogeneity of a biological system such as the blood...

..These spirals of twisted fibrils were especially abundant in the presence of added Al(III) and it is speculated that NAC binding of Al(III) may be important in their formation and subsequent stability...

..These results suggest that Al is capable to exert its effects upon signal transduction as Al((aq))(3+) acting upon a mechanism linked to the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway...