Julian Peto

..The very high incidence in monozygotic twins of patients indicates that a high proportion, and perhaps the majority, of breast cancers arise in a susceptible minority of women...

..The evidence for the existence of such genes and the prospects for identifying them are reviewed...

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..25-fold increased risk of prostate cancer, with no effect for the two other variants, indicates that the effects of the risk alleles clustered at 8q24 are cancer site specific...

..The absence of exonic mutations in any of the transcripts (FLJ45803, LOC120376, C11orf53 and POU2AF1) mapping to this region makes the association likely to be a consequence of non-coding effects on gene expression...

..We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of patients who were randomly assigned to EPP or no EPP in the context of trimodal therapy in the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery (MARS) feasibility study...

..Genome-wide association studies have identified several common genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk. It is likely, however, that a substantial proportion of such loci have not yet been discovered...

..A risk score incorporating a suitably weighted sum of all potentially functional variants in these and a few other candidate genes may provide clinically useful identification of women at high genetic risk...

..ACCESSION NUMBERS: The microarray data and associated .BED and .WIG files can be accessed through Gene Expression Omnibus accession number: GSE14603...

..001). This heterogeneity could reflect either population-specific linkage disequilibrium with a functional variant or artifacts such as population stratification or publication bias...

..shtml in order to facilitate the identification of low penetrance CRC susceptibility alleles through pooled analyses...

..Across the four sample sets, the association between rs4939827 and CRC was highly statistically significant (P(trend) = 1.0 x 10(-12))...

..Targeting ECRs appears to be a useful strategy for identifying a subset of potentially functional non-coding regulatory SNPs...

..Truncating mutations in ATM have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer but the effect of missense variants remains contentious...

..Most of these hormone-density associations were attenuated with further adjustment for BMI...

..Our aim was to measure the risk of breast cancer in relatives of women with bilateral breast cancer who were carriers of this allele...

..To investigate the proportion of breast cancers arising in patients with germ line BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations expressing basal markers and developing predictive tests for identification of high-risk patients...

..4, 95% CI: 1.7-11.2) was stronger than that of earlier (> 5 years ago) partners (OR for 2+ earlier partners: 2.2, 95% CI: 0.7-6.7) suggesting that most incident HPV infections are newly acquired rather than recurrent...

..Cancer patients with affected relatives are considerably more informative than unselected cases for such studies...

..We examine certified causes of death of patients who have been diagnosed with mesothelioma, and assess the validity of death certification data as a proxy for mesothelioma incidence...

..The question was whether randomization to surgery versus no surgery would be possible...

..Most of the excess cancer risks in hereditary retinoblastoma survivors might be preventable by limiting exposures to DNA damaging agents (radiotherapy, tobacco, and UV light)...

..No biallelic mutations were detected among 354 controls. These results confirm that biallelic MYH mutations confer susceptibility to colorectal cancer but are unlikely to account for more than 3% of early-onset colorectal cancer...

..Little is known of the onset of breast cancer in high-risk populations. We investigated the risk of breast cancer in twin sisters and in the contralateral breast taking family history into consideration...

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..3 (P = 3.3 x 10(-18) overall; P = 9.6 x 10(-17) replication), which tags a plausible causative gene, EIF3H. These data provide further evidence for the 'common-disease common-variant' model of CRC predisposition...

..10 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.17, P = .001). Among the combined subset of 2795 familial breast cancer patients, the respective ORs were 1.27 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.45, P = .0003) and 1.16 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.27, P = .001)...

..This suggests that any effect of these two variants would be very small and possibly confined to subgroups that were not assessed in our present study...

..05 level compared with an estimated 1,343 that would be expected by chance, indicating that many additional common susceptibility alleles may be identifiable by this approach...

..g. by forcing nearby stem cells to divide before they have repaired their own DNA damage from tobacco smoke). If so, reducing the rate of apoptosis by reducing CHEK2 activity could be protective-although not smoking would be far more so...

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..Further large studies, or combined analysis of data from existing studies, are needed to quantify these effects more precisely...

..21, 95% c.i.: 1.10-1.34; P = 6.89 x 10(-5)). These data show that common, low-penetrance susceptibility alleles predispose to colorectal neoplasia...

..Currently, there are no comparable estimates of the short-term risk of disease progression in the absence of effective antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults and children...

..In a large series of colorectal cancer cases and controls, SNPs near GREM1 and SCG5 were strongly associated with increased CRC risk (for rs4779584, P = 4.44 x 10(-14))...

..We found seasonality in cancer survival to be stronger in women than in men. Our results add to a growing body of evidence that vitamin D metabolites play an important role in cancer survival...

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